UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY

BIGLANG AWA ST., GRACE PARK EAST, 12TH AVE. CALOOCAN CITY
GRADUATE STUDIES

Financial Management and Budgeting in Education

JOURNAL REFLECTION

NAME: JONATHAN C. FERNANDEZ STUDENT NUMBER: 20209131

PROFESSOR: Dr. ROSALITO QUIDES TIME: 7:00AM-10:00AM
COURSE: 1-A/MAED 303 UNITS: 3

Reflection/Topic: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

It is important for teachers to know variables such as physical characteristics,

intelligence, perception, gender, ability, learning styles, which are individual differences
of the learners. An effective and productive learning-teaching process can be planned by
considering these individual differences of the students. Since the learners' own learning
speeds and interests vary, these characteristics should be taken into consideration by the
teacher. Teachers also stated that in order to design the learning-teaching process
appropriate to the individual differences of the learners, the learners would make active
participation in the lesson and the individual differences could be supported by increasing
the experiment and school trips.
It is clear that people reply in a different way to the same situations. They use
different approaches towards communicating with others and solving the problems they
encounter. Individuals also behave differently in learning contexts; As stated by Brown
(2000), each of them practices a special type of learning style. For example, some
individuals learn better with pictures and illustrations, some learn better with repetition
and some others get better results through participation.
Individuals are unique in terms of their skills, abilities, personalities, perceptions,
attitudes, emotions, and ethics. Individual differences represent the essence of the
challenge of management, because no two people are completely alike. There are four
basic propositions of interactional psychology:
1. Behavior is a function of a continuous, multidirectional interaction between the person
and the situation.
2. The person is active in this process and both changes, and is changes by, situation.
3. People vary in many characteristics, including cognitive, affective, motivational, and
ability factors.
4. Two interpretations of situations are important: the objective situation and the
person’s subjective view of situation.

There are many skills and abilities that relate to work outcomes. Genera Mental Ability
(GMA) was introduced by Spearman (1940) more than 100 years ago. It was defined as
an individual’s innate cognitive intelligence.

Personality is an individual difference that lends consistency to a person’s behavior.

Personality is defined as a relatively stable set of characteristics that influence an
individual behavior.

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 UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY
BIGLANG AWA ST., GRACE PARK EAST, 12TH AVE. CALOOCAN CITY
GRADUATE STUDIES

Financial Management and Budgeting in Education

JOURNAL REFLECTION

* Heredity
* Environment where a person is exposed to.
* Family
* Culture
* Education
* And other environmental forces that shape personality.
Personality is therefore is shaped by both heredity and environment.

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