Pinka Final Ito Environment

PLACIDO T.
AMO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Biodegradable waste includes any organic matter in waste which can be
broken into carbon dioxide, water, methane or simple organic molecules by
microorganism and other living things by the way of composting. In waste
management, it also includes some inorganic material which can be decomposed
by bacteria. Biodegradable waste is important because of the way waste build up
in landfills and in the environment. Biodegradable waste can be separated from
other type of waste and then composted.
Tons of biodegradable wastes are product in the country, which could be
converted to organic fertilizer through composting. Soil nutrient management is
an integrated system to manage soils, nutrient, and crops in a sustainable
manner to optimize crop production and to improve soil health. Considering that
large amount of biodegradable waste is also coming from market and residences
so it was easy to convert those waste into organic fertilizer which could be used
by farmers. Biodegradable waste material can also be the sustainable source for
organic manure production for improving the livelihood of any farming
community.
Biodegradable material represents approximately 70% of the urban waste
stream in emerging economies, organization established a standard and
specification for compost quality to improve crop production and to protect health
PLACIDO T. AMO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 2
public environment, Briton (2000). The biodegradable waste material is
aerobically digested at a stabilized organic fraction that can be recycled and used
for agricultural purposes, according to Fehr (2009). More over Chanya (2003)
and Bernal (2008) also discovered that biodegradable waste disposal and the
necessity can increase the organic matter content of the soil. In addition, good
composting of biodegradable waste allows farmers to save money by eliminating
the need for farm fertilizers and often expensive inputs. Baldwom and Greenfield
(2000).
Nowadays organic based agricultural production is a rapidly emerging
technology in the Philippines, which plenty solves wastes disposal problem
through conversion of biodegradable waste into organic compost. This ensures
the availability of organic fertilizer for crop production. In addition, organic based
vegetable production provides unique opportunities for producing high quality
vegetables because of reduced chemical application. It likewise contributes to
rehabilitation and sustaining the fertility of our croplands for better harvest of our
farmers.
This study deals with the soil utilization of biodegradable waste material as
organic soil fertilizer. Likewise, this aims to determine different kinds of
biodegradable waste used by the farmers as soul fertilizer. It also aimed to find
how effective biodegradable waste are as organic soil fertilizer.
Conceptual Framework
For configuration dimensions of how the study went about, a simple model
was presented. This is in the process shown in Figure 1.
Farmers of Municipal Agricultural and Fishery
Council
Utilization of Biodegradable Waste Materials as
an Organic Soil Fertilizer
Figure 1: Research Paradigm
The framework reflected the main purpose of the study and that was to know
the importance of utilization of biodegradable waste as organic soil fertilizer in
Municipal Agricultural and Fishery Council.
An arrow pointing from the upper box to the lower box served as the way on
how to collect ideas from the said respondents. The first box, indicates the target
sample of the research endeavor. On the second box, it indicated the topic
presented and that was the utilization of biodegradable waste as an organic soil
fertilizer.
Statement of The Problem

The main objective of the study was to know the utilization of
biodegradable waste materials as an organic soil fertilizer in Municipal
Agricultural and Fishery Council.
Specially, this study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents based on:
1.1 Gender
1.2 Age
2. What kind of biodegradable waste materials are used by the Municipal
Agricultural and Fishery Council?
3. How does the Municipal Agricultural and Fishery Council utilize
biodegradable waste as a soil fertilizer?
4. Based on the findings of the study, what could be the proposed action
to improve the utilization of biodegradable waste material as an
organic soil fertilizer?

Scope and Limitation
The researchers deemed it necessary to define certain boundaries and
limitation in conducting this study. As mentioned previously, the main purpose of
this study is to know the importance of the utilization of biodegradable waste
material as an organic soil fertilizer and to where the biodegradable waste
material used by farmers. The study focused only on the response of the farmers
in Municipal Agricultural and Fishery Council. They were given a self-made
questionnaire in gathering the data needed for the study.
The researchers used purposive sampling method in selecting the
respondents. This study was intended to the farmers who are member of
Municipal Agricultural and Fishery Council.
The researchers used a descriptive quantitative method as the design of
this study. The researchers firmly believed that using this method gave them the
most accurate result in knowing the importance of utilization of biodegradable
waste material and the different kind of biodegradable waste materials used by
the farmers as soil fertilizer.
This study was conducted at the present year 2019-2020 at Laurel,
Batangas.
Significant of the Study

This research was not for theoretical application but for practical
application as well. Theoretical application on the result of this study was
intended for the farmers in knowing how important it is to utilize biodegradable
waste materials in farming. Practical significance are as follows:
Farmers. This research may give a lot of information and unique ideas on
how to have a better crop through building a great organic fertilizer which is a
good start for a good crop result. It also gives the farmers a lot of information
about the good effect of using organic fertilizer compare to synthetic. Making
their crops healthier and safer than before.
Local Government Unit. The research may provide additional information
that may be used in utilizing biodegradable waste as an organic soil fertilizer in
Municipal Agricultural and Fishery Council. This study also may provide
knowledge on how to improve knowledge on how to improve waste materials to
become advantageous unlike the traditional technique og composting waste.
They can gain some technique that may lead them to have a good harvest and
also to help on having healthy food for society.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources. This research
may be beneficial to this sector. It may help them to have a better way of making
fertilizer for their crops, this study may further help to provide additional
information that may be used in utilizing biodegradable waste as an organic
fertilizer.
School. This research may be adopted by the different school to help
them reduce waste and also to be able to turn their waste into advantageous
materials that can be used in school garden. This study may enhance their
capacity to know more about reducing waste and their responsibility in
community. And also to find ways to improve their techniques for providing good
soil for good vegetation which lead to health support and good environment.
Future Researchers. This research may help them to conduct the same
topic. It will serve their basis in conducting their research and it will help them to
generate more concepts and ideas and to dig deeper to help other in terms of
utilization of waste. The idea presented on this research may be beneficial on
future researcher because they can be use some references plotted here when
they are researching for some related topics and ideas.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined for classification and understanding:
Agriculture- It refers to the science, art, or practice of cultivating the soil
producing crops and raising livestock and in varying degrees the preparation and
marketing of the resulting products.
Biodegradable Waste- It pertains to green waste, recyclable waste, food waste
or organic waste.
Composting- It is defined as a mixture that consist largely of decayed organic
matter and is used for fertilizing and conditioning land.
Crops- It refers to a plant or animal product that can be grown and harvested
extensively for profit or subsistence.
Farming- It is defined as growing crops of keeping animal by people for food and
raw materials. This is the practice of agriculture and aquaculture.
Fertilizers- It refers to a substance such as manure or a chemical mixture used
to make soil more fertile.
Organic- It pertains to a grown or made without the use of artificial chemical.
Soil- It pertains as feed in the barn or an enclosure with fresh grass of green
food. It is a medium in which something takes hold and develop.
Utilization- It refers to use something for a particular purpose.
Decomposed- It refers to the process of breaking up into constituent parts by or
as if by a chemical process.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the literature which are related and provided
insights to the presented study. They were taken from printed materials and
related studies.
Organic fertilizer is defined as those derived exclusively from decomposed
or decomposing plant or animal remains (Buob,2008). Some examples of
common organic fertilizers are raw or composted animal manures, compost
without synthetic additives, green manure and organic mulches such as legume
hay or leaves. Organic fertilizers used in this study are the different types of
animal manure such as cow dung, poultry manure, rabbit and goat manure
directly from available livestock operation. There are many advantages of animal
manures in which they make an excellent garden soil amendment by building
organic matter and can contribute significant amounts of plant nutrients although
the nutrient content of animal manures varies widely with type and age of the
animals, feeds and manure management methods.
According to Grant, (2018) using manure as a fertilizer has probably been
around since the early days of cultivation. Manures are a rich source of nitrogen
as well as other nutrients. Since manure is a waste product, it must be used
carefully.
Rhoades, (2018) stated that chicken manure fertilizer is very high in
nitrogen and also contains a good amount of potassium and phosphorus. The
high nitrogen and balanced nutrients is the reason that chicken manure compost
is the best kind of manure to use. But the high nitrogen in the chicken manure is
dangerous to plants if the manure has not been properly composted. Raw
chicken manure fertilizer can burn, and even kill plants. Composting chicken
manure mellows the nitrogen and makes the manure suitable for the garden.
According to Tilley, (2018) the use of cattle manure, or cow dung, in the
garden is a popular practice in many rural areas. This type of manure is not as
rich in nitrogen as many other types; however, the high ammonia levels can burn
plants when the fresh manure is directly applied. Composted cow manure, on the
other hand, can provide numerous benefits to the garden.
Additionally, a green manure is a crop grown to improve the soil. Although
they may generate a profit, in most cases their sole purpose is to benefit
subsequent crops. Once grown, they are usually incorporated into the soil shortly
before sowing the next cash crop. Green manures can be grown for widely
differing periods to suit particular needs. These can vary from six weeks, for a
short break in an intensive vegetable rotation, to many years as a grass ley. With
rising nitrogen fertilizer prices and an ever-increasing requirement to farm in an
environmentally sustainable way, green manures are fast becoming a viable way
to cut input costs, add fertility and improve the soil. Green manures have many
different benefits but no one species will offer all of these. Grown as a single
species, or in mixtures, the right choice of green manure depends on the aims
and circumstances of each individual farmer or grower,
Food waste can be reduced by converting into useful form organic
fertilizers to reduce health problem caused by food wastes disposal (Pleissner &
Carol, 2013). Food wastes can be recycled into organic fertilizer to reduce
amount of food waste in landfill and emission of greenhouse gas to surrounding
(Morash, 2014). Food wastes can be decomposed in anaerobic digestion by
microorganisms to break down food waste into smaller materials and make
useful products (Morash, 2014). This process is carried out inside an enclosed
system in the absence of oxygen. Methane gas produced can be collected and
converted into biogas to transport fuels and produce electivity and heat
(Min,2015). The biodegradable waste materials are aerobically digested at a
stabilized organic fraction that can be recycled for agricultural uses (Fehr, 2009).
Furthermore, food waste represents a fraction of the biodegradable that
historically has received less attention, although it is the most likely waste stream
to contaminate other waste fractions and has been the major contributor to
methane production in landfill (Gromez et al., 2008). Composting and other
biological treatment technologies are not new but have not often been applied to
the treatment of food waste because of health concerns relating to the spread of
diseases and negative public perception (Gray, 2006). Biodegradable materials
represent approximately 70% of the urban waste stream in emerging economies.
Several official and private organization in different countries have established
standards and specifications for compost quality to improve crop production and
to protect public health and environment (Brinton et. al, 2000). Some of the
develop compost standards are those produced by California Compost Quality
Council (CCQC, 2002) and British Standards, PAS-100-2005 (BSI, 2005).

Vermicompost and farmyard manure both are beneficial in nitrogen
fixation in legume and has been found beneficial in maintaining the proper health
of the crop. Vermicomposts are the products of the degradation of organic matter
through interactions between earthworms and microorganisms. Vermicomposts
are finely divided peat-like materials with high porosity, aeration, drainage, and
water-holding capacity and usually contain most nutrients in the available forms
such as nitrates, phosphates, exchangeable calcium and soluble potassium
(Atiyeh et al., 2002; and Arancon et al., 2004). Some bio-fertilizer Phosphate
solubilizing microorganisms such as; bacteria and fungi, are effective in releasing
P from inorganic and organic pools of total soil P through solubilisation and
mineralization (Chen et al., 2006).
As stated by Clark and Kelly, (2004) fertilizers facilitated higher yields on
less crop area than without the use of fertilizers; therefore, they are considered
important elements in worldwide food production. As the population continues to
grow, more and more agricultural output will be required, and fertilizers will play a
vital role.
Soil health is the foundation of organic farming systems. Fertile soil
provides essential nutrients to plants, while supporting a diverse and active biotic
community that helps the soil resist environmental degradation. Organic
producers face unique challenges in managing soil productivity. Current
guidelines on nutrient management for organic farmers are fairly general in
nature. Organic farmers rely on intuition and observation, advice from vendors,
conventional soil tests, and their own experience to make decisions about the
quantity and types of soil amendments to apply. As a result, there is tremendous
variability in both the quantities of nutrients applied and the resulting soil fertility
status on organically managed farms. Organic farmers seek to "build the soil" or
enhance its inherent fertility by using crop rotations, animal and green manures,
and cover crops. Crop rotation and tillage practices must provide an appropriate
seedbed and pest control while minimizing erosion. Nutrient stocks are
maintained through use of natural (non-synthetic) substances and approved
synthetic substances (Wander et. Al, 2019).
Composting of agricultural waste and municipal solid waste has a long
history and is commonly employed to recycle organic matter back into the soil to
maintain soil fertility. The recent increased interest in composting however has
arisen because of the need for environmentally sound waste treatment
technologies. Composting is seen as an environmentally acceptable method of
waste treatment (Yvette B et. al, 2000).
In addition, the recycling of compost to land is considered as a way of
maintaining or restoring the quality of soils, mainly because of the fertilizing or
improving properties of the organic matter contained in them. Furthermore, it may
contribute to the carbon sequestration and may partially replace peat and
fertilizers (Smith et al, 2001).
Compost application to agricultural land needs to be carried out in a
manner that ensures sustainable development. Management systems have to be
developed to enable to maximize agronomics benefit, whilst ensuring the

protection of environmental quality. The main determinant for efficient
agronomics use is nitrogen availability, high nitrogen utilization in agriculture from
mineral fertilizers is well established and understood, whereas increasing the
nitrogen use efficiency of organic fertilizers requires further investigation
(Amlinger et al, 2003).
Growing awareness of health and environmental issues in agriculture has
demanded production of organic food, which is emerging as an attractive source
of rural income generation, and this paved the way for organic farming (Prasad,
2005).
The major reason for the widespread occurrence of deficiency of
micronutrients is the low availability of micronutrients to plant roots rather than
their low concentration in soils. The low solubility of most micronutrient cations
like copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in soils means that
after the addition to alkaline soil as the soluble form, the metal is rapidly
precipitated. Even in rained areas, micronutrient deficiencies are more prevalent
(Srinivasarao and Vittal, 2007).
Organic fertilizers can increase agricultural production is not entirely
correct; as organic fertilizers alone are not sufficient in supplying essential
nutrients at different stages of plant growth. On the other hand, the multi-
micronutrients mixture facilitates the application of the wide range of plant
nutrients in the proportion and to suit the specific requirements of a crop in

different stages of growth, and are more relevant under site specific nutrient
management practices (Hegde et al., 2007).
Vincent et. al., (2005) the use of organic fertilizers as a source of plant
nutrients considered being important and therefore, investigated in many crop
plants with respect to crop yield and maintenance of soil fertility.
In addition, the use of fertilizers and manures is a key factor to sustain
fertility of the soil. Fertilizers being a costly input, the scientific approach towards
the profitable agriculture would imply the supplemental use of plant nutrients
according to the actual need of the situation
According to Panay News, (2007) Sen. Cynthia Villar, says that, “We
really need to ensure the efficient implementation of Republic Act 10068, or the
Organic Agriculture Act of 2010, which provides for the development and
promotion of organic agriculture in the Philippines.”
In line with this, the contribution of organic to the overall growth and
development of agriculture in the country, particularly in terms of sustainability,
competitiveness and food security, relies heavily on the successful implement of
National Organic Agriculture Program.
The establishment of composting facilities is a very effective waste
management practice, where the involvement of the local government units
(LGUs) is crucial. It is expected to boost the institutional capacities of LGUs in
terms of sorting, collecting and composting community wastes.

Furthermore, soil nutrient management is an integrated system to manage
soils, nutrients, and crops in sustainable manner to optimize crop production and
improve soil health. To grow what we eat and to eat what we grow, we need
healthy soils. We need to protect our prime agricultural lands from degradation
which can come in the form of neglect as manifested by increased erosion or in
the form of abuse such as over fertilization, excessive pesticide application, and
intensive cropping system.
Moreover, the Bureau of Soil and Water Management says that organic
fertilizers produced from agricultural residues (i.e. rice straw, animal manure,
etc.) are intensively used as alternative to inorganic/synthetic fertilizers.
Considering that large amount of biodegradable wastes is also coming
from markets and residences, there is a need to set-up facilities near markets,
trading posts and residential areas that will convert those wastes into organic
fertilizers/compost which could be used by farmers. The Organic Agriculture Act
promotes and encourages the establishment of facilities, equipment and
processing plants or CFBW that would accelerate the production and
commercialization of organic fertilizers and other inputs. The Composting
Facilities for Biodegradable Waste is composed of one-unit rotary composter,
one-unit shredding machine.
The conversion of solid waste to organic fertilizer is a desirable option, in
light of reports that severe depletion of soil organic matter is a major cause of
declining crop productivity (Lal, 2015). The use of organic fertilizers not only
reduces the quantity of the organic fraction that ends up in landfills (Lim et al.
2016), but also reduces the use of inorganic fertilizers (Lim et al. 2015). In line
with this, excessive amounts of inorganic fertilizers are applied to vegetables in
order to achieve a higher yield (Stewart et al., 2005) and maximum value of
growth.
This chapter presents the review of related literature about the use of
biodegradable waste as organic fertilizer that provides the researcher additional
knowledge and unique ideas about their topic that they can use as a guide in
further explaining and supporting their research.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter deals with the method and procedures utilized in the
research designs, subject of the study, data gathering instruments used, data
gathering procedures used, and statistical treatment.
Research Design
This study utilized the descriptive method of research. The researcher
firmly believed that this method was the most appropriate tool to evaluate the
utilization of biodegradable waste and determine the different kind of
biodegradable waste materials used by the farmers of Municipal Agricultural and
Fishery Council in Laurel, Batangas.
According to Grove, Burns, Gray (2013), descriptive designs “may be
used, to develop theory, identify problems with current practice, justify current
practice make judgement, or determine what others in similar situations are
doing.”
Descriptive designs range from cross-sectional surveys (at one or multiple
points in time) to comparative designs (comparing two groups) to correlations
(relationship between two variables). Descriptive designs collect information
about variables without changing the environment or manipulating any variable
so they do not look at possible cause and effect.
Setting and Respondents

This study was conducted in Laurel, Batangas of the present year 2019-
2020. This study used a purposive sampling and intended to farmers that is
member of Municipal Agricultural and Fishery Council that were used as the
respondents of this study.
Data Gathering Procedure
For the purpose of this study, the researcher followed the procedures for
data collection. The researchers sought an approval through a letter addressed
to the chairman of Municipal Agricultural and Fishery Council in Laurel,
Batangas.
After the approval, the researcher met and explained to the respondents
that they will be used in this study. Farmers who are members of Municipal
Agricultural and Fishery Council were given enough time to answer all the
questions.
After gathering information through questionnaire, the researcher
analyzed the given answers.
Research Instrument
The study utilized a self-made questionnaire in gathering the needed data.
The questionnaire focused on the utilization and different kind of biodegradable
waste as soil fertilizer used by the farmers in Municipal Agricultural and Fishery
Council. The questionnaire was directly administered to the respondents by the
researcher and they assured that confidentiality would be a major importance of

the researcher in dealing with their answer. They were also encouraged to give
their full cooperation as well as to be honest in giving their answer.
In the constructed questionnaire the respondents were requested to rate
each item on a four (4) point rating scale with their designated verbal
interpretation below.
Numerical Rating Value Verbal Interpretation

4 Strongly agree
3 Agree
2 Slightly Agree
1 Disagree
Statistical Treatment of Data
Frequency and Percentage was used to determine the kind of biodegradable
waste used by the farmers. The formula below was used:
P= f / N x 100
Where:
P is in the percentage
F is the frequency
N is the total number of respondents
Weighted mean was used in analyzing the response of the respondents with
regards to the statements containing the utilization of biodegradable waste as an

organic soil fertilizer in Municipal agricultural and Fishery Council. The formula
was used:
WM= f1 x 1 + f2 + …. f n x n
WM= weighted mean
f = frequency
x = variables
n = total number of cases
N= population of the respondents
Mean Ranges:
Weighted Mean Verbal Interpretation

3.50-4.00 Strongly Agree
2.50-3.49 Agree
1.50-2.49 Slightly Agree
1.00-1.49 Disagree
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the results, interpretation and analysis of data
retrieved from the answers to the questionnaire distributed to the concerned
respondents. Likewise, the presentation of various tables was honed in the
different problem cited in the study.
1. What are the demographic profile of the respondents based on:
1.1 Gender
1.2 Age
Table 1.1 Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of Gender
GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Male 12 60%
Female 8 40%
Total 20 100%
The table shows the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of
gender. It further reveals that the majority of the farmers who used biodegradable
waste material as an organic soil fertilizer are males (60%). On the other hand,
the number of female farmers who used biodegradable waste as an organic soil
fertilizer (40%).
Table 1.2. Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of Age.
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

31-35 years old 0 0%
36-40 years old 0 0%

41-45 years old 7 35%
46-50 years old 7 35%
51 years old –above 6 30%
Total 20 100%
The table shows the demographic profile of the respondents based on age. It
further reveals that the majority age of the farmers is in ranges of 41-45 years old
and 46-50 years old (35%). The farmers who are 51 years old and above got
30%. On the other hand, this table shows that from ranges 31-35 years’ old and
36-40 years old (0%) there is no farmers who used biodegradable waste as an
organic soil fertilizer.
2. What kind of biodegradable waste materials are used by the
Municipal Agricultural and Fishery Council?
Table 2.1 Animal Waste as an Organic Soil Fertilizer
Animal Manures FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Cow Dung 14 70%
Poultry manure 3 15%
The table shows the kind of biodegradable waste used by the farmers.
One of them is Animal manures. It reveals that the Cow Dung and Poultry
Manure is much the same (70%). Concerning data on pelletized animal manure
compost utilization even if the participants reported to be interested in using

organic pellet and declared to own the appropriate equipment needed for their
application, the obtained results indicated that, in the investigated sample,
pelletized compost utilization has not yet become a common practice for
agricultural crops. This data is in line with the study conducted in Florida by
Rahmani et al. (2018) focused on compost users’ attitudes toward compost
application. Pelletized compost availability and quality inconsistencies, such as
immature compost, percent of weeds, and odor would be the barriers to using
organic pellets. However, several studies indicate that increased profitability is an
incentive for adopting an innovation. In this context, the application of pelletized
animal manure compost as a partial substitute for the mineral fertilizers could
lead to a reduction in production costs, increasing farm profitability
(Sustainability, 2018).
Table 2.2 Green Manure as an Organic Soil Fertilizer.
Green Manures FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Leaves 14 70%
Legume Hays 3 15%
The table shows the kinds of Green Manure biodegradable waste used by
the farmers. Leaves is the commonly used by the farmers (70%). On the other
hand, some of the farmers used Legume Hays (15%) as an organic soil fertilizer.
According to Slavikova (2018) The use of green manure results in increased
levels of key plant nutrients. Legume green manures improve bacterial and
fungal populations and enzyme activities (Bierderbeck et al., 2005). Increased

soil microbial activity improves many soil physical properties and indirectly offers
many ecosystem services. Microbes and mycorrhizae produce substances with
gluing effect increasing soil aggregate stability. A soil with better soil aggregate
stability is less prone to erosion, nutrient teaching and runoff. Additionally, this
improves soil water retention.
Cover crops increase so C through their biomass and fixing N from the
atmosphere. Green manures crops termed as cover crops, enhance soil fertility
by improving physical and chemical parameters (i.e. soil aggregate stability and
soil macro- and micronutrients). These also help in protecting the soil from
surface runoff. All these conditions provided by cover crops are favorable for C
sequestration and reducing CO2 emission. The common green manure crops are
leguminous crops like cowpea, sun hemp and groundnut. Though legumes
sequester C, but their effect is less than cereals due to more decomposition
caused by less concentrations of lignin. Due to this reason cover crops can be
combined with the application of material resistant to decomposition like pruning
residues of woody crops and agro industrial wastes to have high potential for C
sequestration.
Table 2.3. Kitchen Waste as an organic soil fertilizer.
Kitchen Waste FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Fruit peels 10 50%
Vegetable Peels 10 50%
Left-over Foods 10 50%
This table shows the Kitchen Waste as an organic soil fertilizer. As
presented, kitchen waste that used by the farmers are Fruit Peels (50%),
Vegetable Peels (50%) and Left-over Food (50%).
Manures can be dried from a variety of animals and even vegetables, most
are bagged, composted and sometimes sterilized. Cow manure is the most
commonly used. Plants can absorb them moderately quickly. (Charlie Nardizzi
2019). Food waste can be reduced by converting into useful form organic
fertilizers to reduce health problem caused by food waste disposal (Pleissner &
Carol, 2013). Food waste can be recycled into organic fertilizer to reduce amount
of food waste in landfill and emission of greenhouse gas to surrounding (Morash,
2014). Food waste can be decomposed in anaerobic digestion by
microorganisms to breakdown food waste into smaller materials and make useful
product (Morash, 2014). This process is carried out inside an enclosed system in
the absence of oxygen. Methane gas produced can be collected and converted
into biogas to transport fuels and produce electivity and heat.
The conversion of food waste into organic fertilizers by fermentation, solid
state fermentation or composting is widely conducted to reduce the amount of
food waste produce daily (Stabnikova et al., (2004). The decomposition of food
waste can cause the reduction of pathogen and odor (Stabnikova et al., 2004).
Food waste such as fruits, vegetables, grain, bread and eggshells can be
composed and converted into organic fertilizers (Risse & Faucette, 2014)
3. How does the Municipal Agricultural and Fishery Council utilize
biodegradable waste as soil fertilizer?
Table 3. Utilization of Biodegradable Waste as soil fertilizer.
Utilization of Biodegradable
WEIGHTED VERBAL
Waste as an Organic Soil RANK
MEAN INTERPRETATION
Fertilizer
1. It should be dissolved in 2 Slightly Agree 8
water before applying.
2. It should be directly applied 3.5 Strongly Agree 2.5
in the soil.
3. It should be applied daily. 2.1 Slightly Agree 7
4. It should be applied every 1.65 Slightly Agree 9

morning.
5. It should be mix with 1.15 Disagree 10
synthetic fertilizer before
applying to the plants.
6. It should be applied when the 2.75 Agree 6
soil is in moist state.
7. It should be applied in the 3.15 Agree 5
soil when the temperature is
moderate.
8. It should be applied in the 3.5 Strongly Agree 2.5
unfertilized soil.
9. It should be mushy when 3.3 Agree 4
applied to the soil.
10. It should be measured 3.6 Strongly Agree 1
accurately depending on the
kind of plant to be planted.
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.67 Agree
The table shows the different was of biodegradable waste as an organic soil
fertilizer. Based on the given composite mean of 2.67 with a verbal interpretation
of Agree, it seems like the Farmers in Municipal Agricultural and Fishery Council
strongly agreed that the organic fertilizer should be measured depending on the
kind of plant to be planted (WM=3.6). They believed that the fertilizer should be
applied in the unfertilized soil (WM=3.5). Moreover, they think that it should be
directly applied in the soil (WM=3.5). Furthermore, they believed that it should be
mushy when applied to the soil (WM=3.3).
On the other hand, farmers agreed that it should be applied in the soil when
the temperature is moderate (WM=3.15). Also, they agreed that it should be
applied when the soil is in moist state (WM=2.75). However, they are slightly
agreed that it should be applied daily (WM=2.1). Moreover, they are slightly
agreed that it should be dissolved in water before applying. Furthermore, they
also slightly agreed that it should be applied every morning. On the other hand,
the farmers are disagreeing that it should be mix with synthetic fertilizer before
applying to the plant (WM=1.15).
The contribution of organic to the overall growth and development of
agriculture in the country, particularly in term of sustainability, competitiveness
and food security (Vincent et. al., 2005).
4. Based from the findings, what could be the proposed action to the
utilization of biodegradable waste material as an organic soil fertilizer?
Table 4. Action plan to improve the utilization of biodegradable waste material as

an organic soil fertilizer
TRASH
Program/ Description Objectives Personnel Time Expected

Frame Output
Project Involved
-Flyers -A flyer that -To teach -Farmers Novemb -Farmers
contains the proper er and
Installing of proper composting -MAFC 19,,2019 citizens
proper composting management members will be
composting of practices encourage
of -normal
biodegradab citizens and will
biodegradab le waste -To enhance use
le waste and knowledge - biodegrad
and the utilization of and skills in Researcher able waste
importance it as an terms of s as an
of utilization organic composting organic
of biodegradable
biodegradab fertilizer waste fertilizer in
le waste as their
an organic -Also it -To inform that gardening.
soil fertilizer contains using
of the practices biodegradable -less
farmers and that gives a waste as an waste on
also to the big help on organic the
citizens both the fertilizer is environme
environment better than nt, more
and the compare to fruitful
community. other method vegetation
Specially to of gardening .
the farmers
who’s the
main target
of this
project
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter present the summary of the findings that the study obtained, the
conclusions borne out of the findings as well as the recommendations.
Summary
This study aimed to inform every farmer about the importance and
advantages of utilization of biodegradable waste as an organic soil fertilizer in
Municipal Agricultural and Fishery Council specific questions were furthered
answered in already conducted study. The used of descriptive design and
quantitative method helped the researcher in the process of the research. The
data gathering instrument was a self-made questionnaire. The respondent were

twenty farmers of municipality of Laurel, who are randomly chosen through
simple random sampling. The researcher saw it that a hundred percent turn-over
of the questionnaire was done by personally distributing them. The statistical
treatment included the weighted mean computation.
Summary of Findings
The researcher has organized the following summary based in the questions
given in the statement of the problem.
1) Percentage of the farmers who use biodegradable waste as an organic
fertilizer
Most of the famers using biodegradable waste as fertilizer are in the
age of 41-45 years old and 46-50 years old (35%) also the farmers who are
above years old (30%) and base on the findings, ages from 35-40 (0%).
There are no farmers who need biodegradable waste as an organic
fertilizer.
2) Kinds of biodegradable waste material used by the farmers.
The findings show 70% of biodegradable waste used by the farmers are
cow dung and poultry manure, In terms of animal waste. Green manure
includes leaves 70%, and legume hays 15%, also fruit and vegetables peels
50% and left over foods 50% from the kitchen waste.
3) The findings have the composite mean of 2.67 with an interpretation of
agree. It further the reveals that farmers agreed on the procedure given
when it comes to utilization of biodegradable waste as an organic fertilizer.
The farmers agreed that biodegradable waste should be measured
accurately depending on the kind of plants to be planted (WM=2.67),
moreover, they are agreed that it should be applied directly to the soil
(WM=3.5). On the other hand, farmers agreed that biodegradable waste
should be mushy when applied to the soil (WM=3.3). Besides they are
favored that it should be applied to the soil is in moist state (WM=2.75).
However, farmers said that it should be applied daily (WM=2.1). In addition, to
this they also agreed that it should be dissolve in water before applying
(WM=2). Furthermore, some of the farmers said that it should be applied
every morning (WM=1.65).
4) Project TRASH is proposed to improve the utilization of biodegradable
waste as an organic soil fertilizer. There should be a flyer that aims of
informing the farmers about the proper utilizing of biodegradable waste as
an organic fertilizer. Propagation of important matters with the objective of
teaching proper composting and enhancing knowledge and skills in terms
of composting.
Conclusion
In light with the findings of the study the following conclusions were made:
1. It is find out that cow dung and poultry manure is the leading one among
the other animal waste. Next is green manure which is leaves is the most
used based on the survey. Kitchen waste is the least which involved three
most materials, the fruit feels, vegetables, and left-over foods.
2. The findings of the study stated that biodegradable waste should be
applied in the soil when the temperature is moderate, through the
conducted research among the farmers, this study concluded that
applying the biodegradable when the soil is moist state take advantages.
3. It is important that every farmer is well knowledgeable about
biodegradable waste composting. This study concluded that it should be
measured accurately depending on the kind of plant to be planted.
4. Project TRASH is what proposed action to teach proper composting
management practices. To enhance knowledge and skill s in the terms of
composting biodegradable waste. To inform that using biodegradable
waste as an organic soil fertilizer is better than compare to other method
of gardening.
Recommendations
Banking on the conclusions framed, the following are recommendations
made:
1. Farmers must be conscious maternally according to making organic
fertilizers in order to have a good harvest. They should use biodegradable
such as animal manure, green manure, and kitchen waste.

2. On utilization of biodegradable waste as an organic fertilizer, they must
follow the following techniques for good health.
 Biodegradable waste should be measured accurately, mushy, and
applied it daily
 Biodegradable waste should be directly applied on the soil.
3. The farmers must know the proper and better waste of utilizing waste as
an organic fertilizer. They should be measured the amount of
biodegradable waste accurately depending on the kind of plant to be
planted.
4. There must be a project TRASH flyers distribution for the farmers become
more knowledgeable in terms of composting biodegradable waste.
Distribution of project TRASH flyers also to inform every farmer that using
biodegradable waste as fertilizer is much better compare to other method
of gardening.
Bibliography
Amlinger, F. Gotz, B. Dreher, P. Geszti, J. and Weisstener, C. Nitrogen in
biowaste and yard waste compost: dynamics of mobilization and
availability a review. European Journal of Soil Biology 39, 107-116. 2003
Ankidasa (2013) Recycling Biodegradable Waste using Composting Technique
Retrived from:
http://www.researcher.net/profile/Buba_Ankidawa/punlication/235684977_
RECYCLING_BIODEGRADABLE_WASTE_USING_COMPOSTING_TEC
HNIQUE/
Atiyeh RM, Arancon N, Edwards CA and Metzger JD (2002). The influence of
earthworm- processed pig manure on the growth and productivity of
marigolds. Bioresource Technology, 81(2): 103-108.

Baldwin,K.R and greenfield, J.T. (2000). Composting on the organic farm, pp.1-
25 Retrieved From: www.cefs.ncsuedu.
Bernal, M. P. Navarro, A.F. Roing, A. Cegara J. and Garcia D. (1996). Carbon
and Nitrogen transformation during composting of sweet sorghum
bagasse. Boil. Fert.Soils, vol. 22, pp. 141-148
Grant, 2018. Manures: Best Manures for Gardens.
Retrievedfrom:https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/composting/manures/
manure-pros- cons.htm
Brinton ,W.,2000. Compost quality standards and guidelines. Final Report by
Woods End Research laboratory for the New York State Association of
Recyclers.
Buob, T., 2008. Fertilizing the Organic Garden. University of New Hampshirp
Cooperative Extension, pp. 1-4.
Retrived from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-
sciences/green-manure
Chen YP, Rekha PD, Arun AB and Shen FT (2006). Phosphate solubilizing
bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing
abilities. Applied Soil Ecology, 34: 33-41.
Fehr, M. (2009). Promoting life cycle thinking through recycling initiatives of
biodegradable waste. Abstract accepted as poster by the waste and
climate conference, ISWA-DAKOFA, Copenhagen.

Gray, D. (2006). Capturing public imagination, waste management World, 2006,
vol. 7, pp. 75-80
Gromez, M.G.C. Grimes, S.M. and Moore, D. (2008). In-Vessel Composting of
Food Waste- A Catering Waste Management solution. CWRM, 9(1), pp.
19-23.
Grove, Burns, and Dray (2013) Nutrition Research
Retrieved from: https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=zHEIDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA171&1pg=PA171&dg=grove
Heather Rhoades (2018). Gardening Know How: Using Chicken
ManureFertilizer in Your Garden
Retrieved from:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/composting/manures/chicken-
manure-fertilizer.htm
Julio P. Yap Jr. (2007). Urban Farmer: Production of organic fertilizer from
biodegradable waste.
Retrieved From: https://www.panaynews.net/urban-farmer-production-of-
organic-fertilizer-from-biodegradable-waste/
Lal R (2015). Soil Carbon sequestration in agro ecosystems of India, J Indian
Soc Soil Sci 63(2):125-143
Lim SL, Lee LH, Wu Ty (2016). Sustainability of using composting and
vermicomposting technologies for organic solid waste

biotransformation: recent overview, greenhouse gases emissions and
economic analysis. J Clean Prod 111:262-278
Lim SL, Wu Ty, Lim PN, Shak KPY (2015). The use of vermicompost in organic
Farming: overview, effects on soil and economics. J Sci Food Agric
95(6): 1143-1156
Nikki Tilley (2018). Gardening Know How: Learn The Benefits of Cow manure
compost
Retrieved from:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/composting/manures/cow -manure-
compost.html
Stewart, M. W., W. D. Dibb, E. A. Johnston and J. T. Smyth, 2005. The
contribution of commercial fertilizer nutrients to food production.
Agronomy Journal, 97:1-6.
S. K. Julola, . Samanfreet kour, (2018) in Understanding Climate Change
Impacts on Crop productivity and Water Balance, 2018
Retrieved From:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325798747_Reuse_of_Animal_
Manure_A_Case_Study_on_Stakeholders'_Perceptions_about_Pelletize_
Compost_in_Northwestern_Italy
Tan Lih Min (2005) Production of Fertilizer using Food Wastes of Vegetables and
Fruits. Retrived From: https://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint//11042/1/Production

%20of%20Fertilizer%20using%20food%20wastes%20of%20Vegetables
%20and%20Fruits.pdfx520(24%20pages).pdf
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
LETTER TO THE PRINCIPAL

APPENDIX C
LETTER TO THE MAFC PRESIDENT
APPENDIX D
PARENTAL CONSENT
APPENDIX E
ACTION PLAN
Program/ Description Objectives Personnel Time Expected

Frame Output
Project Involved
-Seminar -A seminar -To teach -Resource Novemb -Farmers
that talks proper Speakers er and
“installing about the composting 19,,2019 citizens
proper proper management -Farmers will be
composing composting practices. encourage
of of and will
biodegradab biodegradab -To enhance -MAFC use
le waste. le waste knowledge members biodegrad
The and and skills in able waste
importance terms of -normal
utilization of citizens as an
of utilization it as an composting organic
of organic biodegradable - fertilizer in
biodegradab fertilizer. waste. Researcher their
le waste as s gardening.
an organic -Also talks -To inform that
soil fertilizer about on using -less
of the how this biodegradable waste on
farmers and practices waste as an the
also to the gives a big organic environme
citizens help on both fertilizer is nt, more
the better than fruitful
environment compare to vegetation
and the other method .
community. of gardening.
Specially to
the farmers
who’s the
main target
of this
project.
CURRICULUM VITAE
I. PERSONAL:
NAME : Jeremiah James H. Araja
BIRTHDATE : October 26, 2001
ADDRESS : Poblacion 2, Laurel Batangas
CIVIL STATUS : Single
CONTACT NO. : 0920-769-6363
EMAIL : jeremiaharaja26@gmail.com
FATHER : Norberto E. Araja
MOTHER : Marivic H. Araja
II. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
SECONDARY: Wenceslao Trinidad, Memorial, National, High School
E. Caray St., Poblacion 1, Laurel, Batangas
2016-2017
ELEMENTARY: Laurel, Central, School
2013-2014
CURRICULUM VITAE
I. PERSONAL:
NAME : John Allen D. Canta
BIRTHDATE : December 3, 2001
ADDRESS : San Gregorio, Laurel, Batangas
CONTACT NO. : 0948-650-5291
EMAIL : allencanta2@gmail.com
FATHER : Elmar A. Canta
MOTHER : Marilyn D. Canta
2016-2017
ELEMENTARY: San Gregorio Elementary School
San Gregorio, Laurel, Batangas
2013-2014
CURRICULUM VITAE
I. PERSONAL:
NAME : Daisy Joy L. Genil
BIRTHDATE : October 28, 2001
ADDRESS : Bugaan East, Laurel Batangas
CONTACT NO. : 0938-780-9778
EMAIL : dsygnl@gmail.com
FATHER : Gaudencio V. Genil
MOTHER : Nancy Eleanor L. Genil
2016-2017
ELEMENTARY: Bugaan Elementery School
Bugaan West, Laurel, Batangas
2013-2014
CURRICULUM VITAE
I. PERSONAL:
NAME : Renzel Nikko T. Salazar
BIRTHDATE : June 28, 2002
ADDRESS : Buso-buso, Laurel Batangas
CONTACT NO. : 0908-132-0311
EMAIL : renzelsalazar52@gmail.com
FATHER : Nick S. Salazar
MOTHER : Josephine T. Salazar
2016-2017
ELEMENTARY: Buso-buso Elementery School
Buso-buso, Laurel, Batangas
2013-2014

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PLACIDO T.

AMO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1

Background of the Study

Biodegradable waste includes any organic matter in waste which can be

broken into carbon dioxide, water, methane or simple organic molecules by

microorganism and other living things by the way of composting. In waste

management, it also includes some inorganic material which can be decomposed

by bacteria. Biodegradable waste is important because of the way waste build up

in landfills and in the environment. Biodegradable waste can be separated from

other type of waste and then composted.

Tons of biodegradable wastes are product in the country, which could be

converted to organic fertilizer through composting. Soil nutrient management is

an integrated system to manage soils, nutrient, and crops in a sustainable

organic manure production for improving the livelihood of any farming

Biodegradable material represents approximately 70% of the urban waste

stream in emerging economies, organization established a standard and

composting of biodegradable waste allows farmers to save money by eliminating

Nowadays organic based agricultural production is a rapidly emerging

technology in the Philippines, which plenty solves wastes disposal problem

through conversion of biodegradable waste into organic compost. This ensures

vegetable production provides unique opportunities for producing high quality

vegetables because of reduced chemical application. It likewise contributes to

organic soil fertilizer. Likewise, this aims to determine different kinds of

how effective biodegradable waste are as organic soil fertilizer.

was presented. This is in the process shown in Figure 1.

Farmers of Municipal Agricultural and Fishery

Utilization of Biodegradable Waste Materials as

an Organic Soil Fertilizer

Figure 1: Research Paradigm

the importance of utilization of biodegradable waste as organic soil fertilizer in

Municipal Agricultural and Fishery Council.

Statement of The Problem

biodegradable waste materials as an organic soil fertilizer in Municipal

Agricultural and Fishery Council.

Specially, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents based on:

2. What kind of biodegradable waste materials are used by the Municipal

Agricultural and Fishery Council?

3. How does the Municipal Agricultural and Fishery Council utilize

biodegradable waste as a soil fertilizer?

to improve the utilization of biodegradable waste material as an

organic soil fertilizer?

The researchers deemed it necessary to define certain boundaries and

limitation in conducting this study. As mentioned previously, the main purpose of

this study is to know the importance of the utilization of biodegradable waste

material as an organic soil fertilizer and to where the biodegradable waste

in Municipal Agricultural and Fishery Council. They were given a self-made

questionnaire in gathering the data needed for the study.

The researchers used purposive sampling method in selecting the

Municipal Agricultural and Fishery Council.

The researchers used a descriptive quantitative method as the design of

most accurate result in knowing the importance of utilization of biodegradable

the farmers as soil fertilizer.

This study was conducted at the present year 2019-2020 at Laurel,

Significant of the Study

application as well. Theoretical application on the result of this study was

intended for the farmers in knowing how important it is to utilize biodegradable

waste materials in farming. Practical significance are as follows:

their crops healthier and safer than before.

Local Government Unit. The research may provide additional information

that may be used in utilizing biodegradable waste as an organic soil fertilizer in

knowledge on how to improve knowledge on how to improve waste materials to

become advantageous unlike the traditional technique og composting waste.

also to help on having healthy food for society.