Name: ____________________ Class: __________( ) Date: ___________________

Lesson Worksheet 4.1A (Refer to Book 5A P.4.4)

 Objective: To understand the addition rule in the counting principle.

Addition Rule in the Counting Principle

A task can be performed by k different methods. Suppose that the 1st method can be performed in
n1 ways, the 2nd method can be performed in n2 ways, … and the kth method can be performed in
nk ways. Then the total number of ways to perform the task is n1 + n2 + … + nk.
(Assume that there is no common way of performing a task among all the different methods.)

Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1

In a bookshelf,here
t are 4 magazines and 3 novels.There a re
5 a 1 v nd s 2 i t acant
u d aeats n h
Patrick wants to take one book from the bookshelf. l o w e r d e c k o f a b u s r e s p e c tei vl eenlcy.h oHo s e s a
(a) Find the number of choices that Patrick has. vacant seat in the bus.
(b) If two travel books are added to the bookshelf,
(a) Find the number of choices that Helen has.
how many choices does Patrick have? (b) I f f our pa s se ngelresa vethe i rs ea t s a ndge t off
the bus before Helen chooses her seat
(a) Number of choices
many choices does Helen have?
=4+3 4 choices for magazines,
3 choices for novels.
=7 . (a) Number of choices
5
(b) Number of choices = ( 5) + ( ) 12 12
choices for the upper deck,
choices for the lower deck.
=7+2  ‘7’ i s t a k e n f r o m t h e r e s u=l t 17o f
(a). (b) Number of choices
=9 = ( 17) + ( ) 4
= 21

1. 2. A t o u r i s t g u i d e l e a d s a l o c a l t o u r t o v i s
There are 10 kinds of hot drinks and 14 kinds
of cold drinks
providedin a snack shop. Janet m a r kwe ht i ch ha s3 s p o r t s w e, a6 r s h o p
wants to order one of the drinks. c o s m es th i oc pa sn d e8 l e c t r i c a l a p p l i a
(a) Find the number of choices that Janet has. shops. The tourist guide r ecommendso o t ne
(b) I f f i v e k i n d s o f c o l d d r i n k s a r e s o l d o shops
u t , to go shopping.
how many choices does Janet have? (a) Find t n he o umber
c t t ft hoices
guide has.
(a) Number of choices
(b) Two cosmetic shops have been
combined
= ( 10) + ( ) 14
= 24 to becomea mega shop recently. Find the
number of choices that the tourist guide
(b) Number of choices
now has. Ex 4A: 16
= ( 24)  ( ) 5 In (b), the number of
choices is reduced. (a) Number of choices
= 19
=3+6+8
= 17
(b) Number of choices
= 17  1
= 16

© Oxford University Press 2015 P.1

 5A Ch 4 Lesson Worksheet 4.1

Instant Example 2 Instant Practice 2

I n a b o u t i q u e , 1 3 c u ss t ao nmde Ir s n b u y st
as h ai r rt u er a n t , 3 7
14 customers buy jacket
s. If 6 of the customers buy n s o a o n d
both s hirts a ndj acket
s, f indt n he o umber
c 24 pf eople
ustomers
o l rdered
t I 1 c emon o ea. f 9
who buy shirts or jackets. b o t hn o o dsl ea n d l e m o n t e a , f i n d t h e n u m b e r
people who ordered noodles or lemon tea.
buy shirts buy jackets ordered noodles ordered lemon tea
only only only only
(13  6) (14  6) ( 37 )
19 24
(  )
19

19
buy shirts and jackets (6) ordered noodles and lemon tea ( )

Number of customers
Number of people
37 24 19
= 13 + 14  6  ‘13 + 14’ includes(6)twice.
= ( 42) + ( )  ( )
= 21
=

3. I n a c l a s s , 8 s t u do eb nt at si n egdr a d eA i n a 4. In a group of teenagers

, 18 of themcan swim
Mathematics t 7s est,
obtained g radeA
tudents
in and 26 of them
c a n c y c l e . I f a l l t ht eee n a g e r s
a S c i e n c e t e s t a ns tdu 3d e n t s o b t a i n e d g r a d in
e t he
g can
roup
swim o c r f ycle,
t n ind he
A i n b o t h t e s t s . S u p p o s e e a c h s t uofdteenagers
e n t w in
h oeach of the following cases.
obta i ne dgr a deA in e it he r te swa
t s a w ar de ad (a) None of them can both swim and cycle.
gift. How many students were awarded gifts? Number of teenagers
= 18 + 26 can swim 26
can cycle
Number of students Ex 4A: 7, 8 = 44 18
only ( ) only ( )
=8+73
= 12
(b) 9 of them can both swim and cycle.
Number of teenagers
= 18 + 26  9
= 35

Level Up Question
5. T h e r ea r e 2 5 c a r d s m a r k e d w i t h s o m e n .u 1m5b ec rasr d s c o n t a i n t h e d.i g7 ict a0r d sc o n t a i nb o t h
digits 1 and 0. 13 cards contain the digit 1. Simon claims that at least 5 cards do not contain the digit 1
or 0. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
Number of cards which contain the digit 1 or 0
= 15 + 13  7
= 21
Number of cards which do not contain the digit 1 or 0
= 25  21
=4
∵ 4<5
∴ The claim is disagreed.

© Oxford University Press 2015 P.2