ES 201

EXAM 1 SOLUTION

Rau Lance B. Cunanan

MSME, A.Y. 2020-2021
Solution for Problem I
(a)
The first equation is already given in the problem
4𝑇𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑇2 − 𝑇𝑇4 = 30
The other equations are
𝑇𝑇2 = (𝑇𝑇1 + 20 + 40 + 𝑇𝑇3 )/4 or − 𝑇𝑇1 + 4𝑇𝑇2 − 𝑇𝑇3 = 60
𝑇𝑇3 = (𝑇𝑇4 + 𝑇𝑇2 + 40 + 30)/4 or − 𝑇𝑇2 + 4𝑇𝑇3 − 𝑇𝑇4 = 70
𝑇𝑇4 = (10 + 𝑇𝑇1 + 𝑇𝑇3 + 30)/4 or − 𝑇𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑇3 + 4𝑇𝑇4 = 40
Then, the system of equations is
4𝑇𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑇2 − 𝑇𝑇4 = 30
−𝑇𝑇1 + 4𝑇𝑇2 − 𝑇𝑇3 = 60
−𝑇𝑇2 + 4𝑇𝑇3 − 𝑇𝑇4 = 70
−𝑇𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑇3 + 4𝑇𝑇4 = 40
(b)
The augmented matrix from (a) is
−4 −1 −0 −1 30
� −1 −4 −1 −0 � 60 �
−0 −1 −4 −1 70
−1 −0 −1 −4 40
As the problem suggests, interchange rows 1 and 4 for simplicity
−1 −0 −1 −4 40
� −1 −4 −1 −0 � 60 �
−0 −1 −4 −1 70
−4 −1 −0 −1 30
Scale row 1 by –1
−1 −0 −1 −4 −40
� −1 −4 −1 −0 � −60 �
−0 −1 −4 −1 −70
−4 −1 −0 −1 −30
New row 2 = (old row 2) + (row 1) and new row 4 = (old row 4) – 4(row 1)
−1 −0 −1 −4 −40
� −0 −4 −0 −4 � −20 �
−0 −1 −4 −1 −70
−0 −1 −4 15 190
Scale row 2 by 1/4
1 −0 −1 −4 −40
�0 −1 −0 −1 � −05 �
0 −1 −4 −1 −70
0 −1 −4 15 190
New row 3 = (old row 3) + (row 2) and new row 4 = (old row 4) + (row 2)
1 0 −1 −4 −40
�0 1 −0 −1 � −05 �
0 0 −4 −2 −75
0 0 −4 14 195
New row 4 = (old row 4) + (row 3)
1 0 1 −4 −40
�0 1 0 −1 � −05 �
0 0 4 −2 −75
0 0 0 12 270
Scale row 3 by 1/4 and row 4 by 1/12
1 0 1 −4.0 −40
�0 1 0 −1.0 � −05 �
0 0 1 −0.5 75/4
0 0 0 −1.0 22.5
New row 1 = (old row 1) – (row 3)
1 0 0 −3.5 −58.75
�0 1 0 −1.0 � −05 �
0 0 1 −0.5 75/4
0 0 0 −1.0 22.5
New row 1 = (old row 1) + 3.5(row 4)
New row 2 = (old row 2) + (row 4)
New row 3 = (old row 3) + 0.5(row 4)
1 0 0 0 20.0
�0 1 0 0 � 27.5 �
0 0 1 0 30.0
0 0 0 1 22.5
Therefore, the solution is
𝑇𝑇1 = 20°, 𝑇𝑇2 = 27.5°, 𝑇𝑇3 = 30°, 𝑇𝑇4 = 22.5°
Solution for Problem II
a)
Let 𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, 𝑧𝑧 be the number of days of operation of mine 1,2, and 3, respectively. Then
25𝑥𝑥 + 30𝑦𝑦 + 20𝑧𝑧 = 550
600𝑥𝑥 + 500𝑦𝑦 + 550𝑧𝑧 = 11350
15𝑥𝑥 + 10𝑦𝑦 + 12𝑧𝑧 = 250
b)
The augmented matrix for the system in (a) is
25 30 20 550
� 600 500 550 � 11350 �
15 10 12 250
Scale row 1 by 1/25 and row 2 by 50
1 1.2 0.8 22
� 600 500 550 � 11350 �
15 10 12 250
New row 2 = old row 2 – 600(row 1) and new row 3 = old row 3 – 15(row 1)
1 1.2 0.8 22
�0 −220 70 �−1850 �
0 −8 0 −80
Scale row 2 by –1/8 and interchange rows 2 and 3
1 1.2 0.8 22
�0 1 0 � 10 �
0 −220 70 −1850
New row 1 = old row 1 – 1.2(row 2) and new row 3 = old row 3 + 220(row 2)
1 0 0.8 10
�0 1 0 � 10 �
0 0 70 350
Scale row 3 by 1/70, and new row 1 = old row 1 – 0.8(scaled row 3)
1 0 0 6
�0 1 0 �10�
0 0 1 5
Therefore, the solution is
𝑥𝑥 = 6 days, 𝑦𝑦 = 10 days, z = 5 days
Solution for Problem III.
1 −2 3 4
𝐵𝐵 = 0 3 0 0
0 5 1 2
0 −1 3 6
Matrix B is invertible if and only if 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 is not zero
1 −2 3 4
0 3 0 0
0 5 1 2
0 −1 3 6
Scale row 3 by 1/3
1 −2 3 4
0 1 0 0
0 5 1 2
0 −1 3 6
New row 1 = old row 1 + 2(row 2)
New row 3 = old row 3 – 5(row 2)
New row 4 = old row 4 + (row 2)
1 0 3 4
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 2
0 0 3 6
New row 3 = old row 3 – 3(row 2)
1 0 3 4
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 2
0 0 0 0
Take note that if a matrix has a row of zeros, the determinant is zero. Hence, the
determinant of matrix B is also zero.
Therefore, matrix B is NOT invertible.
Solution for Problem IV
1 3 8
𝐴𝐴 = �2 4 11�
1 2 5
To find the inverse of 𝐴𝐴, it is important to note that the product of any matrix and its
inverse is an identity matrix 𝐼𝐼. Hence, we can write
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴−1 = 𝐼𝐼
To get 𝐴𝐴−1 , let us start by writing [𝐴𝐴|𝐼𝐼]. By elementary row operations on 𝐴𝐴 and doing the
same thing on 𝐼𝐼 whatever we do on 𝐴𝐴 gives us the inverse of 𝐴𝐴. In other words, the goal
is to make [𝐴𝐴|𝐼𝐼] to [𝐼𝐼|𝐴𝐴−1 ] by elementary row operations.
1 3 8 1 0 0
�2 4 11 � 0 1 0�
1 2 5 0 0 1
New row 2 = old row 2 – 2(row 1) and new row 3 = old row 3 – row 1
1 −3 −8 −1 0 0
�0 −2 −5 � −2 1 0�
0 −1 −3 −1 0 1
Scale row 3 by –1, and interchange row 2 and the scaled row 3
1 −3 −8 −1 0 −0
�0 −1 −3 � −1 0 −1 �
0 −2 −5 −2 1 −0
New row 1 = old row 1 – 3(row 2) and new row 3 = old row 3 + 2(row 2)
1 0 −1 −2 0 −3
�0 1 −3 � −1 0 −1 �
0 0 −1 −0 1 −2
New row 1 = old row 1 + row 3 and new row 2 = old row 2 – 3(row 3)
1 0 0 −2 −1 −1
�0 1 0 � −1 −3 −5 �
0 0 1 −0 −1 −2
It is now of the form [𝐼𝐼|𝐴𝐴−1 ]. Therefore, the inverse of 𝐴𝐴 is
−2 −1 −1
−1
𝐴𝐴 = �−1 −3 −5�
−0 −1 −2