CHAPTER REVIEW

A. Match the diseases and their descriptions

____1. pandemic a invasion of blood with no active multiplication
____2. local b. occurs occasionally
____3. septicaemia c. initial infection causing illness
____4. sporadic d. disease occurring rapidly
____5. primary e. symptoms develop slowly
____6. bacteremia f. of worldwide occurrence
____7. inapparent g. invasion of bloodstream with active multiplication
____8. acute h. symptoms are confined to one area
____9. pyemia i. invasion of pus producing microorganisms in the blood
____10. chronic j. symptoms are undetected and un diagnosed

B. Briefly define the following terms: with examples)

1. Reservoir - one or more epidemiologically connected populations or environments in which the
pathogen can be permanently maintained and from which infection is transmitted to the defined target
population.
*Clostridium botulinum is soil,
2. Fomites - objects or materials which are likely to carry infection
*clothes, utensils, and furniture
3. Vector - an organism, that transmits a disease or parasite from one animal or plant to another.
*mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas
4. Portal of Entry - refers to the manner in which a pathogen enters a susceptible host
*skin (hookworm), mucous membranes (syphilis), and blood (hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency
virus).
5. Incubation Period - is the number of days between when you're infected with something and when
you might see symptoms
*chickenpox is 14-16 days
6. Prodromal Period - The period of sub-clinical signs and symptoms that precedes the onset of
psychosis is referred to as the prodrome
*fever, malaise, headache and lack of appetite
7. Convalescent Period - the period in which the body recovers from a serious illness, injury or surgery.
*
8. Pathogenicity - the property of causing disease.
*infectious bacteria, viruses, prions, fungi, viroids, and parasites causing disease
9. Virulence - the severity or harmfulness of a disease or poison.
*toxins, surface coats that inhibit phagocytosis, and surface receptors that bind to host cells.
10. Toxigenicity - the ability of a pathogenic organism to produce injurious substances that
damage the host
*