CHALLENGES AND ISSUES FACED BY THE COUNTRY AND THE UMMAH, AND

THEIR SOLUTIONS IN THE LIGHT OF PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHTS AND IDEAS

OF IQBAL.

By Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Sani

Federal Urdu University
Karachi.

The great services and earnest concerns of the Poet and East thinker, Dr. Allama
Muhammad Iqbal, for the God-gifted state, Pakistan, were luminous. They pertain to the
unforgettable chapters of the history of the sub-continent. He was a thinker of high
excellence, a sincere and dauntless leader, and a great visionary of the Pakistan
Movement.

Allama Iqbal was not only a great Poet and national thinker, but he had a high status as
the national and the Ummah leader. The pivot of his struggle and political movement
was to have the Renaissance and to make the struggle for independence of the
Muslims of the sub-continent a success. He was a sincere leader of the muslims of
India and a great thinker. Dr.Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi writes. “There have been a few
poets in the history who have made such a great and profound impact as Iqbal did on
the Muslims of the sub-continent. He, emphasizing the indivisible principle of the Islami
world, said if the Muslims plus unis wanted to be the real Muslims they should not divide
themselves in groups of Turks, Arabs, Iranians, Afghanis and Indians .He emphasized
on the principle that the Muslim Ummah is beyond the limitations of geography and
space.”. (01)

Iqbal gave the message to the Muslim Ummah:

‫خ‬
‫پ ھر س ی است چ ھوڑ کر دا ل حصار دی ن می ں ہ و‬
‫ث‬ ‫فق ف‬
‫ے ط ح ظ حرم کا اک مر‬ ‫ملک و دولت ہ‬
‫ن کئ‬ ‫س‬
‫ے‬‫ای ک ہ وں م لم حرم کی پ اس ب ا ی ی ل‬
‫شغ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬
‫ی ل کے ساحل سے لے کر اب خ اک کا ر ت ک‬
Translations: Enter ,again.into the circle religion,and leave out politics, country and
wealth are just a reward of safety of santuary. The Muslim be united , as one , for the
safety of the sanctuary sanctity , From the shores of the Nile up to the sands of
KASHGAR. (02) Iqbal was the first to build the minds of the Muslim Ummah of the
twentieth century. The bearings of his impact started making their marks on the national
life of the Muslims of the sub-continent after his return from Europe. A new era of the
thinking of Iqbal was started in 1915 after the publication of the ‘Secrets of Self’, and
this was the beginning of the new dimensions of building and changing the nature and
behavior of the Ummah. The result was bound to be the foundation of the new Islamic
thinking, revival of an independent nation, and existence of an independent Islamic
State in the near future. This was the objective of Iqbal, as, in his view, every nation has
a need of a state. Besides this, Iqbal also said that Islam, as a religion, is not confined
to a country. (03)

So, the important phase of Iqbal's poetry and political thinking started in 1915 with the
publication of the "Secret of Self", and there came a prominent and revolutionary turn
with the expression of the concept of Pakistan in 1930. This was the period of great
ordeal and disturbance, in general to the Islamic world, and to the Muslims of the sub-
continent in particular. (04)

The poet of the East and thinker of Pakistan, Allama Dr. Allama Iqbal, delivered a
sermon, as the President of the Annual Conference of the Muslim League, on 29
December 1930, at Allahabad. The sermon was of much importance because in it he
expressed, for the first time, the basis of the Muslim nation and the need for a separate
Muslim state for the Indian Muslims logically and in an explicit way. In his view
according to the political definition of a national, only Muslims in India did qualify as a
nation. Contrary to that, the Hindus were the collective entity of many nations. (5) The
eminent researcher, Dr. Farman Fateh Puri in one of his research articles, ‘The Political
ideas of Iqbal and The Pakistan Moment ‘, writes:

“The first impulse creator of the creation of Pakistan is Allama Iqbal. It is the vivid proof
of his political mission and enlightened conscience that the suggestion, which was
tabulated in the form of The Lahore Resolution on 23 March 1940 by the Muslims, after
a period of 10 years, was presented by Iqbal, in the epoch-making Sermon in 1930 at
Allahabad, and there ultimately came into being a Separate Muslim land in the name of
Pakistan as an Islamic state on 14 August, 1947. The sketch of this nation was in the
mind of Iqbal 17 years ago. That was the reason that the Quaid e Azam declared
Allama Iqbal not only a poet and a philosopher, but a great political leader, guide of the
Muslim Ummah, and his right hand. His opinion about Allama Iqbal was that the Ideas
of Iqbal were in real, in agreement with his own ideas, and because of those he had
reached to the same conclusions. They were the results of deep and thorough study
and research of the constitutional issues of India. They were later on expressed as the
intention of the Muslims of India in the confederation of the Muslim League as ‘The
Lahore Resolution’, popularly known as, ‘The Pakistan Resolution.’ (06)

Allama Iqbal led the Muslims of the sub-continent in such a critical period when the
greater part of the eastern world was under the control of expansionist and exploiting
powers. The propaganda of declaring the Western Culture and Civilization as the only
way of salvation of the backward humanity was on its peak. The clerical religion, in
Europe, was completely defeated. The Muslims of sub-continent were facing enormous
issues and challenges. According to Dr Khalifa Abdul Hakim:

“In that sort of situation, the heart of Iqbal had the urge that the struggle for freedom
should be started. He built up in himself the confidence through expressing his ideas
and thinking in form of poetry, so that he could teach the nation the lesson of self-
reliance and pride, and stir the self-respect in them, which would lead them toward the
freedom from the slavery of the exploitation. (07)

‫میں ظلمت شب میں لے کے نکلوں گا اپنے درماندہ کارواں کو‬

‫شر فشاں ہوگی آہ میری نفس مرا شعلہ بار ہو گا‬
“I will lead and take ahead my depressed caravan in the dark night, My sorrows will turn
in to spark, and my conscience will give it a flame.”

Who knew that anything this poet would say during revolution would become so
practical in the present time.

The next day, the thoughts and concepts of Iqbal gave a new life and enthusiasm to the
Muslims of the sub-continent at this very of critical time of history …
In his Presidential Address to the Muslim League Conference on December (29) 1930
at Allahabad, Iqbal said, “The Muslims of India, who are passing through a very critical
period in their lives, need complete discipline, unity and resolution to achieve their
objectives .The existence of our national entity and the interest of India are attached to
this action because the Indian political slavery is a source of unending problems in
everything. It has crushed the soul of the East and deprived it from that delight which
made it a high and wonderful civilization in the past. (09)

He said further, “I cannot keep that feeling secret from you that in the near future our
nation has to go through a struggle of Independence to put an end to the critical
situations and conditions of present. But that is only possible through a political style of
action for the freedom and at the time when the whole nation is determined for it and all
their aims and objectives are concentrated towards this one objective. Is it possible that
among us the unity of aims is created, which may be spontaneously developed?”(10)

The thinker of Pakistan, Allama Iqbal, was that representative personality who
presented the concept of a separate state for the Muslims of the sub-continent with pure
sincerity, determination, political vision and full devotion of theoretical belongingness.
He had explicitly expressed:

“This demand of the Muslim is fully justified that they should established an Islamic India
(a Muslim State) in India.”(11)

In his Presidential address he made it loud and clear: “It is my desire that the Punjab,
North Western Provinces, Sindh and Baluchistan should combine to form only one
State, whether this State achieves autonomy of government in the domain of Britian or
out of it. What I see, if not anything else, is that the Northwestern Indian Muslims will
finally have to established coherent Islamic state”. (12)

This historical “ Allahabad Address “ of Iqbal was, in fact, a solid and explicit solution to
the challenges and issues faced by the Indian Muslims. The ideas of Iqbal gave a new
destination and a new enthusiasm to the struggle for freedom by and for the Muslim of
India. The ideology of Iqbal got a new life and ultimately the long struggle of the
Muslims of the subcontinent achieved their destiny. The dreams, concepts and ideas of
the thinker of Pakistan turned into a reality. The thinking and ideology of Iqbal in a little
time period of 10 years became a well-disciplined movement, and the foundation of the
Lahore Resolution in 1940 was laid. After another short time period of 7 years, on the
basis of this resolution, the God-gifted Islamic State of Pakistan came into being. This is
how the prophecy of this great scholar and thinker was accomplished.

Iqbal, on the basis of this concept, is called the thinker of Pakistan and the creator of the
God-gifted state. But it would be the source of interest to analyze whether he only
presented the concept of the creation of a Muslim state, or did he also suggest a system
for it? If we analyze the articles, addresses, narratives and poetry of Iqbal, it will soon
become obvious that he also suggested indirectly a system of government to his
prophesied Muslim state. The concept of a separate state for the Muslim that he
presented was not only aimed at merely achieving political and economic freedom from
the English and the Hindus, but, in his own words , the objective was, “I am only
demanding the creation of a well–disciplined Islamic state for the sake of progress and
prosperity of India and Islam. The creation will guarantee peace and order in India
because of the balance and power, and Islam as a religion will get its golden opportunity
back again” (13)

On 28 May, 1937, in a letter to the Quaid-e-Azam, he wrote, “After having

intensive and extensive studies of the Shariah of Islam, I have come to this conclusion
that if Islamic laws, with full comprehension and understanding, are implemented, then
at least every individual can have the provision of the living resources. But in this
country (India), the implementation of shariah is impossible until more than one free and
sovereign Islamic states are not established here” (14)

In short, Iqbal was presenting the concept of a separate Muslim state, for the sake
of creating a situation conducive to the implementation and propagation of Islam. Iqbal
had this belief that the Muslims could implement the shariah of Islam only on this land
where they would be free from the foreign and external interferences. (15)

In, “Extensiveness and comprehensiveness of the ideas of Iqbal”, according to

the Dr. Khalifa Abdul Hakeem, “The extensiveness height and depth of the ideas of
Allama Iqbal are unfathomable. The impact and implementation of his sayings and
messages became obvious in the life of Allama Iqbal. The foundation of the God –
gifted state the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, was the charisma of its effects. There
seems to be no one such a poet and thinker in the Muslim history of thinking literature
whose thinking is so comprehensive.

There is no such aspect of individual and collective life of which a live solution is not
presented by the poet of the East in his versification having philosophy, religion intuition
and cognition.

It presents the essence of the wisdom of the East and the West. This poet has-self
recognization, as well as the recognition of God. Every poem and even sometimes just
one couplet is heavier than the whole book.” (16)

The thinker of Pakistan Allama Muhammad Iqbal guided the Muslims of the sub-
continent at every corner of history. In the field of Politics his most important marvel is
the solicitation of the Two Nation Theory in the strongest way and the concept of a
separate state for the Muslim of the sub-continent as a result of it. The historical sermon
he gave in the Annual Meeting of the All India Muslim League on 21 December, 1930 at
Allahabad is an Important document of the division of India, and creation of Pakistan. It
is based on the Two Nation Theory. (17)

An article of Iqbal “ The Islamic Civilization” was published in the government report on
the census of 1911. In the article he has discussed the following three points: First, the
components and the texture of the Muslim nation. Secondly, being a separate entity as
the Muslim civilization, meaning that the identity of the Muslim civilization is totally
different, and it can’t merge into any other nationality. Thirdly, the individual character is
essential for the existence of the Muslim Nation. To explain the third point he has clearly
written that the existence of the Muslim nation is only possible when it has the
characteristics pertaining to the character of Aurangzeb Alamgir. Their creed must be
purely Islamic, rather than secular. Right after the explanation of this point he wrote
these sentences:
“Islam is not a theory of religion to us. Islam is of greater meanings. In our view, the
ultimate aim of Islam is to seek a country where we can live our lives according to the
values and traditions of Islam.” (18)

The creation of Islamic Republic of Pakistan was that great concept and golden dream
of the Poet of the East Allama Muhammad Iqbal which ultimately became a reality on 14
August, 1947, and carved out on the map of the world its founders, which aimed at only
one point, that first and last there would be supremacy of the Quran and the Traditions
of the Prophet (S.A.W.W) and implementations of the Muhammadan Shariah. In 1944,
on the occasion of the Iqbal Day, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, while paying a
homage to Iqbal, said: “Iqbal was an academic politician besides being a great poet and
philosopher. He was the one amongst a few people who, for the first time, had a dream
of an Islamic State due to having love and devotion to the Islamic objectives. It was the
dream of a political state comprising of the areas of the North western and South
eastern India. These areas are understood to be the homeland, historically, of the
Muslims”. (19)

Thinkings of Iqbal: an important motivation of personality buildup:

The ideology of the Poet of East has multidimensional aspects. In this regard, none of
the twentieth century thinkers, poets or writers can compete or match with him. The
ideas of Iqbal have much more importance and popularity in the twenty-first century. It is
necessary in the present time to publicize the wisdom and vision of the thinking of Iqbal
in order to meet the challenges and issues being faced nowadays in the present time by
the Muslim Ummah in general, and the Muslims of Pakistan in particular.

The focal subject matter of the ideas of Iqbal is the purification of personality of a human
being, building of a nation, the Ummah and creation of such a social contract which
prefers Persian versification of spiritual and moral values.
‫ش‬ ‫ف‬
‫کر من ازہ ج لوہ ناش مسحور گ ت‬
‫ش‬
‫خ امئ ہ من ش ِاخ خ ل طور گ ت‬
The comprehensiveness of the Ideology of Iqbal:
The editor of “Thinkings of Iqbal”, Dr. Khalifa Abdul Hakim writes, ‘The Ideology of Iqbal
has such diversity and treasure that even if every aspect f his short ideas are explained
and commented on in thousands of pages, will not be sufficient enough for it. He is the
trustee of three thousand developmental ideas of the East and the West” (20) . Iqbal
has analyzed very thoroughly the heritage of academic and spiritual nature. He
separated the life-giving elements from that of death-giving elements. He also observed
and studied the western knowledge, science, culture and civilization much wisely and
critically. He did not remain blind, due to his vision, from the wrongs wrought in the
development of the West. The materialism and worship of feelings that were developed
in the wisdom of the West had set human developmental one sided which was
adversely harmful to humanity. Iqbal analyzed these tendencies and suggested to keep
away from these detrimental elements. In the present time, such a thinker does not exist
in the Ummah of Islam, who has such comprehension and exhaustive ideas of the past
and the present East and of the West. With this authenticity, he was a poet of God as
well. He put all the wealth of his science and ideas in his poetry. Had he not been the
hero of the Ummah, he would not have borne the current effects on breaths of the
Ummah. He expressed his wisdom by being a marvelous poet. This blend of wisdom
and love made him the successor disciple and cognate of Rumi. (21)

Regions that fulfilled the shariah and the Islamic Ideology. The foundation of the
thinkings of Iqbal:

In the religions and beliefs of history of the sub-continent, Pakistan and India, the status
that the religious leader Shah Wali ullah, the elegist of the ‘Traditions of the Prophet’,
had attained was now to be shared by Allama Iqbal. As the thinker like Shah Wali ullah,
Delhvi, the thinker of Pakistan, the poet of the East has presented the Islamic thinking
and system of civilization as a plan, and not only to think about it but also under-take the
efforts for it. The movement and ideology of Shah Wali Ullah was the result of the
events and incidents of his time. In the period of Iqbal, more or less somehow, the same
situation was prevailing, Iqbal was also facing such kind of events. According to Iqbal
himself, “At that time the religion of Islam was being tested, and perhaps in the history
of Islam such a time had never come before”.
So, Iqbal took a prominent part in the formation of Islamic thinking in a modern way and
to change the thinking and emotional tendencies of the time. He analyzed the real
reasons of the downfall of the Muslim, and after diagnosing, presented the concept of
life and its basic values in their real form. Hence in the explanation of Islam, Iqbal has
presented its unique characteristic as being free and revolutionary in all aspect. He
created the modern form of the Islamic ideology (22). He advised, on the other hand, to
the nation to adopt the Islamic teachings culturally and politically and reawaken their
spirit of action. (23)

Dr Moinuddin Aqeel writes:

“The merger of Eastern and Western sciences has given Iqbal the idea to adopt for
himself, a new and permanent way. But even then he based his ideological foundation
on the Creed of Islam and on the wisdom of the sagas of Islam. In this way he came
under the influence of different Scholars of Islam and their thinkings and movements.”
(24)

Building of a country and the Ummah, and thinkings of Iqbal.

The objective of the thinking of Iqbal is the development of a perfect human being. He,
for this purpose, divided his thinking in two aspects: First, he personal and individual
development of a human being, and second, the destination of human development and
evolution which a human being attains collectively being the part of an Ummah. The gist
of the thinking of Iqbal is that a human being, through his personal efforts and remedial
efforts reaches the zenith of the self through obedience, self-control, being vice-grant of
Allah, and then, devoting his spiritual and material development to the Ummah. The real
purpose of Iqbal was to put forward those important principles before the Ummah and
by following them the ummah can attain the religious and worldly heights. He
emphasizes on those things which are the spirit of the religion of Islam and by adopting
them fully, the Muslims can re-achieve and regain the religious and worldly respect that
was lost. (25)

Through his theory of self, Iqbal emphasized on this thing that human being should
make himself as much perfect as he can, as he would be the reason of propagation of
Islam in this world, and the progress of the Islamic world would go on that much more
when all its elements or all Muslims would shape themselves into better and perfect
human beings. Iqbal advises the Muslims to establish the basic principles of Islam on
solid grounds and patterns to reach that destination. (26)

Building Pakistan, the present time and the Ideology of Iqbal:

When we analyze the thinking and ideology of Iqbal in the domains of thought and
meaning, we cannot ignore this aspect that there is a variety and vastness in his poetry
and ideas. In his poetry he made religion the subject matter, along with morality,
freedom of Ummah of Islam, politics, economics and all such topics. The Islamic world
can be benefitted fully by his ideas.

Although, he addresses obviously the Muslims, yet his message cannot be confined to
the geographical limits. This characteristic of his that his poetry has universal colors
makes him a poet and thinker for all the times. Whatever he says we feel it in the voice
of our own heart. He seems to be much more aware of our own problems and pains
then ourselves. Moreover, he does not only mention the challenges, issues and
problems, but also suggests their solutions. (27)

One of the other characteristics of his poetry is that he does not signify any
discouragement and hopelessness. He creates the spirit of courage and bravery by
making us face the challenges and issues coming before us. His philosophy is the case
of action and struggle. His message is that life without action is equal to death, and
without it nations are wiped out from the face of world and become non-existent .(28)
The challenges and issues coming up today before us include nationalism,
provincialism, localism, language, freedom of thoughts, emancipation of women, the so
-called slogan-blinding brightness of western civilization, lack of unity among the
Muslims ,hegemony of Jews and Christians, downfall of cultural and moral values, lack
of spirit of self-reliance and pride in one self, being oblivious of oneself and
forgetfulness of God, terrorism, deteriorating law and order situation, corruption and
non-activeness, attack of the western civilization, and many more such issues and
challenges. In short, the ideology of Iqbal gives a new spirit and courage to face the
present-day problems, present-day issues and to seek out the solution and build up the
country and the ummah. The ideology of Iqbal, even today, can guide as it did before. It
can give us a new spirit and courage for a revolutionary movement. The ideology of
Iqbal gives us the lessons of courage, spirit, self, self-reliance, self-conscience and re-
awakening of the ummah in our voyage of building Pakistan like a light in the dark.

We have been involved, consciously or unconsciously, in the criminal negligence of lack

of unified nation and ummah. Unity is getting far away from the way of cognition of self
and self-reliance; there is a downfall of religious, moral and cultural values, grouping on
the basis of race and geographical area; sectarian prejudices; indifference of self-pride
in national and ummah matters and, after all, the challenges and issues of having no
sense of loss. These are the issues and matters that we are neglecting.

The biggest problem of today is our lack of the unity as a nation and the ummah. We
have forgotten the lesson of unity, harmony, brotherhood and collective love. In these
conditions the teachings of Iqbal are:

‫ تنہا کچھ نہیں‬،‫فرد قائم ربط ملت سے ہے‬

‫موج ہے دریا میں بیرون دریا کچھ نہیں‬
Translation:

“An individual has his existence in relation with a nation. Alone one is nothing, Its like a
wave which is a tide inside the river but out of it is nothing. (29)
It was very much clear in the visionary and conscious Iqbal that the Muslim ummah
could not be successful in achieving its, objective without having unity and harmony
together. And the base of this unity is only religion.” Iqbal gave the message:

‫منفعت ایک ہے اس قوم کی نقصان بھی ایک‬

‫ایک ہی سب کا نبی دین بھی ایمان بھی ایک‬
‫حرم پاک بھی ہللا بھی قرآن بھی ایک‬
‫کچھ بڑی بات تھی ہوتے جو مسلمان بھی ایک‬
“ The loss and profit of this nation is one and same. All of them have one prophet,
religion and the same faith.”

One and the same sacred house, Allah and the Quran are one and the same. It would
have not been a big task had the Muslims been one and the same. (30) The idea of
Iqbal gives us the message:
‫اقوام مغرب سے نہ کر‬
ِ ‫اپنی ِملّت پر قیاس‬
‫ُسول ہاشم‬
ِ ‫قوم ر‬
ِ ‫خاص ہے ترکیب میں‬
‫اُن کی جمعیّت کا ہے ُملک و ن َسب پر انحصار‬
‫ت مذہب سے مستحکم ہے جمعیّت تری‬
ِ ‫ق ّو‬
‫دامن دیں ہاتھ سے چھُوٹا تو جمعیّت کہاں‬
ِ
‫اور جمعیّت ہوئی رُخصت تو ِملّت بھی گئ‬
Do not compare your Ummah with western nations, the nation of the Hashmi Prophet is
quite peculiar in its formation.

Their grouping depends on country and race, (whereas) your nation is integrated with
bond of religion. If religion is gone (then) there will be no grouping, and (if) grouping is
gone (then) the Ummah is no more. (31) Iqbal wanted to bring the Muslims towards the
nation, Ummah’s identification and the grandeur of Islam. Today, in the present time, in
regard of building Pakistan, this is the most important need. So, he says:

‫ زباں تُو ہے‬،‫ت قُدرت تُو‬

ِ ‫خدائے لم یزل کا دس‬
ُ
‫ب گماں تو ہے‬ ِ ‫یقیں پیدا کر اے غافل کہ مغلو‬
 ‫چرخ نیلی فام سے منزل مسلماں کی‬ ِ ‫پرے ہے‬
‫ وہ کارواں تو ہے‬،‫ستارے جس کی گر ِد راہ ہوں‬

Translation:

You are the Power full hand of God and tongue of the Omnipotent God.

Have faith in yourself because you have the possibility of domination; The destinations
of the Muslims are beyond the sky. The stars are just the stardust of yours caravan. (32)
Conscience, self-reliance, self-pride and the religious respect.

and references those weapons of one’s behavior which can give oneself great and
respectful status in the world. In this regard Iqbal says:

‫جہان تگ و دَو میں‬

ِ ‫غیرت ہے بڑی چیز‬
‫سر دارا‬
ِ ‫تاج‬ ِ ‫پہناتی ہے درویش کو‬
‫حاصل کسی کامل سے یہ پوشیدہ ہُنَر کر‬
‫کہتے ہیں کہ شیشے کو بنا سکتے ہیں خارا‬
‫افراد کے ہاتھوں میں ہے اقوام کی تقدیر‬
‫ہر فرد ہے ملّت کے مق ّدر کا ستارا‬
Translation:

Honor is the biggest thing in the world of struggle and spire, Put the crown of the king
on the head of saint .Learn this sacred skill from a perfect person. It is said that it turns
even the glass into the blue stone , The destiny of a nation is in the hands of
individuals ,Every individual is the guiding star of the fate of the ummah.(33) Iqbal says:

‫خودی سے مر ِد خود آگاہ کا جمال و جالل‬

‫ باقی تمام تفسیریں‬،‫کہ یہ کتاب ہے‬

Conscious self gives awareness of beauty and pomp to the man. because he is the
book and all others are just exegists. (34) In reagard of building Pakistan it is an open
secrete that today and importand and national and ummah issue is to break out the
shackles of loans and the begging bowl to stand up in the line of international nations as
honoured and respectful nation and make the others to accept our existence in this
way. This is the interpretation of the thinking of iqbal’s self and conscious concept. He
gives us the teaching of self reliance and independence to make us a free , respectful
and proud nation. Iqbal says:

‫ غالمی میں‬،‫خدا کے پاک بندوں کو حکومت میں‬

‫ِزرہ کوئی اگر محفوظ رکھتی ہے تو استغنا‬

It is preservence that as a sheild can save the pure servants of God in government and
slavery. (35)

Iqbal Says :

‫پیام اَبدیّت‬
ِ ‫آزاد کا ہر لحظہ‬
‫محکوم کا ہر لحظہ نئی مرگِ مفاجات‬
‫آزاد کا اندیشہ حقیقت سے منوّر‬
‫گرفتار ُخرافات‬
ِ ‫محکوم کا اندیشہ‬
Freeman has always an eternal message ,

Slave dies all times a new death ,

Free person has a bright reality ,

Slave is always fearful of being involved into wrongs , (36)

‫خودی کے زور سے دنيا پہ چھا جا‬

‫مقام رنگ و بو کا راز پا جا‬
Dominate all over the world with the force of self-conscious ,

And find out the secret of location of colour and smell .(37)

He says :

[‫خودی کي جلوتوں ميں مصطفائی‬

[‫خودی کی خلوتوں ميں کبريائی‬
 ‫ُمر جاوداں کا سُراغ‬
ِ ‫خودی کے ساز میں ہے ع‬
ُ
‫خودی کے سوز سے روشن ہیں امتوں کے چراغ‬
The open exposure of self-conscious has prophetic characteristic in itself ,

The privacy of self-conscious has godly attributions ,

Self-conscious has the secret of everlasting life in its music ,

The spirit of self-conscious gives light to the ummah (38)

Iqbal wants to see us a respectful and free nation . He inculeates in us the love and to
have confidence . The love of confidence , as a matter of fact in the present time is the
base of build up Pakistan , because due to it:

‫غالمی میں نہ کام آتی ہیں شمشیریں نہ تدبیریں‬

‫جو ہو ذوق یقیں پیدا تو کٹ جاتی ہیں زنجیریں‬

Neither swords nor plans work out better in slavery

But if the interest of confidence is created it takes off the shackles .(39).

He gives us the message :

‫عالم رنگ و بُو پر‬

ِ ‫ناعت نہ کر‬
‫چمن اور بھی آشیاں اور بھی ہیں‬

Do not only be content with this world of colour and smell. There are other gardens,
there are other staying places. (40)Their is a need of building the mother land, country
and the nation while being faced with the challenges that every person should struggle
continuously and remain in action permanently for building of Pakistan. It is not the way
of wise people to indulge in lethargy , inactiveness and avoidance of hard work.

The teaching of Iqbal is this:

‫ب فطرت ہے‬
ِ ‫ یہی اسلو‬،‫آئین قدرت ہے‬
ِ ‫یہی‬
‫ب فطرت ہے‬
ِ ‫ محبو‬،‫جو ہے را ِہ عمل میں گام زن‬
This is the constitution of nature, and this is the style of nature. One who is walking on
the way of action is the beloved of nature. (41)

Iqbal says:

‫ب امروز جس نے اپنی ہ ّمت سے‬

ِ ‫وہی ہے صاح‬
‫گوہر فردا‬
ِ ‫زمانے کے سمندر سے نکاال‬

He is the person of the day Who digs out the gem of wisdom from the sea of time. (42)
Iqbal gives us the message after bring us to hope from hopelessness, to happiness
from sadness.

‫ فضا دیکھ‬،‫ فلک دیکھ‬،‫ زمیں دیکھ‬،‫کھول آنکھ‬

‫مشرق سے اُبھرتے ہوئے سُورج کو ذرا دیکھ‬

Open up your eyes, look at the earth, look up the sky, Look up the environment, look at
the sun rising from the east.(43)

Iqbal Says
‫ال پھر اک بار وہی بادہ و جام اے ساقی‬
‫ہاتھ آ جائے مجھے ميرا مقام اے ساقی‬

bring me again that same Goblet and wine,(‘O’ the provider of drink) So I can get back
my position O' the provider of the drink ! (44)

Iqbal Says

‫ملے گا منزل مقصود کا اسي کو سراغ‬

‫اندھيري شب ميں ہے چيتے کي آنکھ جس کا چراغ‬
‫نشان یہی ہے زمانے میں زندہ قوموں کا‬
‫کہ صبح و شام بدلتی ہیں ان کی تقدیریں‬
‫کمال صدق و مروت ہے زندگی ان کی‬ِ
‫معاف کرتی ہے فطرت بھی ان کی تقصیریں‬
 ‫ سکندرانہ جالل‬، ‫قلندرانہ[ ادائیں‬
‫یہ اُمتیں ہیں جہاں میں برہنہ شمشیریں‬
‫خودی سے مرد خود ٓاگاہ کا جمال و جالل‬
‫ باقی[ تمام تفسیریں‬، ‫کہ یہ کتا ب ہے‬

only he will find the sign of the targeted destination

Whose eyes turn out like the light of leopard's eye in The Dark night

This is the sign of the living nations of the time,

That their fates keep on changing day and night,
Their lives are perfect truth and consideration,
The nature pardons their mistakes,
They are Saints in their style, they are Grandeur like kings
These are naked swords of the unmach in the world,
Their awareness of self conscious is their beauty and grandeur.

They are as books and all other are merely commentaries (45)
Iqbal says while giving teachings of religious respect, national honour, self
consciousness and self reliance :
‫ فقیری ہے‬،‫مرا طریق امیری نہیں‬
‫ غریبی میں نام پیدا کر‬،‫!خودی نہ بیچ‬

My way of life is not to have riches,but to practice parpersim rather it is Sanity

Do not sell out your self conscious ,be prominent through poverty.(46) In regard of
building the motherland, the verse of Iqbal is quite apt to the present situation. A lesson
to be learn from then and they are full of vision:
 ‫قہر ٰالہی‬
ِ ‫خود دار نہ ہو فقر تو ہے‬
‫ب غیرت تو ہے تمہی ِد امیری‬
ِ ‫ہو صاح‬

If Sainthiness is not conscious of self respect ,it is then the wrath of God, If one is
respectfull,It is the preamble of richness.(47) Today sincere struggle is needed for
building Pakistan. Solid confidence and permanent actions are needed to acheive an
honourable and respectfull place among the international nations.It is needed that one
should walk on the path of action,because :

‫ب فطرت ہے‬
ِ ‫ یہی اسلو‬،‫آئین قدرت ہے‬
ِ ‫یہی‬
‫ب فطرت ہے‬
ِ ‫ محبو‬،‫جو ہے را ِہ عمل میں گام زن‬

This is the constitution of nature ,and this is the way of nature, One who is walking on
the way of action is the beloved of nature .(48)

There is no doubt in this reality that our present problems, internal strife,downfall of
religion ,moral and cultural values and the challenges faced by the country and the
nation are due to the basic reason of getting away from our religion ,religious

Values, and having distance from the Centre. We have forgotten the objectives of
Pakistan, betrayed our ideology amided to giving no dominance to the Quran and the
Traditions of the prophet and not implementing the Islamic Shariah .We have put back
our conscience and self-respect ,ignored religious and nationalities. We have been
dependent on others by holding the bowl of beggary .All these things collectively come
up to the status of collective nationalism. The way of self-ignorance and ignorance of
God will give nothing except accept shame and defeat. Iqbal in these sort of conditions
gives this reality based message.

‫فِطرت افراد سے اغماض بھی کر لیتی ہے‬

‫کبھی کرتی نہیں ملّت کے ُگناہوں کو معاف‬

The nature, sometime, ignores the individual Never excuses the sins of a nation.(49)

In view of Iqbal, life of a Muslim in this world hold is only possible in relation of Islam.
The existence of a Muslim can’t exist out of lit. Islam is the nationality of a Muslim, Islam
is his motherland and Islam is his home, He said” The concept of our national, life can’t
be conceived by our mind unless we are not fully aware of the principal of Islam. In
other words, Islamic concept is that of Islamic home or homeland in which we pass our
Germans, so. The lives belongingness is what England has with the English and
Germany has with the Germans, so Islam with us -the Muslims. Whenever and
wherever the Islamic principles or thr sacred Traditions as termed “The trop of Allah”
“Ships out of our hands our group loses the structure of it”. (50)

Allama Iqbal could see the solution of the social difficulties, economical problems and
political and cultural issues of the Muslim in the implementation of the Islamic Sharia .In
his view having a separate and permanent country was necessary for the
implementation of the principles and injunctions of the sharia, so that the Muslims
should have a respectable life (51).

Iqbal was sincere in the implementation of the Sharia. He believed that Islam in the
present time can play an important role. He was of the opinion, that they are such
effective principle in the social system of Islam which can guide discipline and give
peace to the present day humanity. (52).

The Islamic state, gifted by God .The Islamic Republic of Pakistan of which he
presented the concept, was a unique and the of one of its own kind plan that would
present and provide foundation for Islamic unity and Islamic system, and it would be
according to the requirements of the present day time needs.

So, in a later to the Quaid e Azam he writes.

“Be Happy there is a solution in the enforcement of the law of Islam “.

and its further, development can be made in the light of modern ideas .After a long and
careful study of the Islamic law I have come to the conclusion that if that system of law
is properly understood and applied, at least the right to substance can be is secured to
everybody .But the enforcement and development of the Sharia of Islam is impossible in
this country without a free Muslim state or state (53).
Distance from the religious values and having no connection with the Islamic teaching
and living and having no thing to do is a collective sin of a country and the nation. The
only compensation to it to create connection with Allah We should fulfil in full the
objective for which God gifted state Islamic-Republic of Pakistan came in to being and
the promise we made to Allah ,our heart and to our conscious of having dominance of
the Quran and the Tradition of the Prophet and the implementation of the Islamic Sharia
.We should completely attached to the religion values and Islamic teachings .The
existence the country and the nation and building the country and the nation are related
to the respect of the Prophet for us . (54)

‫آبروئے ما از نام مصطفی است‬

the real objective of the creation of Pakistan can only be fulfilled when there exists a
complete and real Islamic welfare society, Justice remains above all, The Quran and the
Traditions of the Prophet should be the basic sources of the constitution and the laws,
the interest based system of economy be abolished and the high humanity and Islam
i.e. Values are propagated.

To keep in view the real objective of the creation of Pakistan and following them for the
building of Pakistan and country and the Ummah .The solution is the foundation of
Islamic State.

In this regard Allama Muhammad, Iqbal the thinker of Pakistan, says.

‫شب گریزاں ہو گی آخر جلوۂ خورشید سے‬

‫یہ چمن معمور ہوگا نغمۂ توحید سے‬

Ultimately the rising of the sun will be an irritation to the night .This garden will be filled
out with the song of oneness of God (55).

The following poetic lines in form of prayers in regard of the solution for building
Pakistan and making it strong heralds good findings, give a bright hope for the solution
and suggest a remedy for the challenges faced at present by the country and the nation:

‫دل مسلم کو وہ زندہ تمنّا دے‬

ِ !‫یا رب‬
 ‫جو قلب کو گرما دے‪ ،‬جو روح کو تڑپا دے‬
‫وادی فاراں کے ہر ذرّے کو چمکا دے‬
‫ِ‬ ‫پھر‬
‫ذوق تقاضا دے‬
‫ِ‬ ‫شوق تماشا دے‪ ،‬پھر‬
‫ِ‬ ‫پھر‬
‫محروم تماشا کو پھر دیدٔہ بینا دے‬
‫ِ‬
‫دیکھا ہے جو کچھ میں نے اوروں کو بھی ِدکھال دے‬
‫بھٹکے ہوئے آہو کو پھر سوئے حرم لے چل‬
‫ت صحرا دے‬
‫اس شہر کے خوگر کو پھر وسع ِ‬
‫شورش محشر کر‬
‫ِ‬ ‫پیدا د ِل ویراں میں پھر‬
‫محمل خالی کو پھر شاہ ِد لیال دے‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اس‬
‫ب پریشاں کو‬
‫س دور کی ظلمت میں ہر قل ِ‬
‫داغ محبت دے جو چاند کو شرما دے‬‫وہ ِ‬

‫ہمدوش ثریا کر‬

‫ِ‬ ‫رفعت میں مقاصد کو‬
‫آزادی دریا دے‬
‫ِ‬ ‫خودداری ساحل دے‪،‬‬
‫ِ‬

‫بے لوث محبت ہو‪ ،‬بے باک صداقت ہو‬

‫سینوں میں اُجاال کر‪ ،‬دل صور ِ‬
‫ت مینا دے‬

‫آثار مصیبت کا‬

‫احساس عنایت کر ِ‬
‫امروز کی شورش میں اندیشہء فردا دے‬

‫بلبل ناالں ہوں اک اجڑے گلستاں کا‬

‫میں ِ‬
‫!تاثیر کا سائل ہوں‪ ،‬محتاج کو داتا دے‬

‫‪O Lord! give such a Line aspiration to the heart of a Muslims, that make his heart warm‬‬
‫‪and make his soul restless,‬‬

‫‪Brighten the particle of sand of the valley of Farran again, give again the spirit to show‬‬
‫‪and love of desire,‬‬
Give an insight to the one who is devoid of sight again,

Let the others be made to see what I have seen,

Guide the stray deer towards the house of Allah,

Give the interest to excavate the vastness of desert to the one who is lost in the interest
of city,

Create the stir of change into the heart all deserted,

Give the empty harem the sight of the beloved,

Give the penetrating love to enemy disturbed heart of this dark period so strong love
that the moon falls short of it,

Give such a height of objective that may go beyond the galaxy, and they may ashore
the conciseness, and may attain the freedom of the river,

There should be selfless love, dauntless truth, brighten the bossoms, and heart should
become like the colorful glass,

Give the feelings of realizing the effects and sign of trouble, apprehension to the wise in
todays trouble,

I am the singing bird with anger of a deasted garden, I am in need of being effective,
begging to you O’ The Sustainer (56).
Notes And References

1) Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi, Doctor The Islamic Nation of the sub-continent-Pakistan

and India, Karachi, Department of writings and editing, University of Karachi 1999,
pp.342-43.

2) Iqbal Bang-e-Dara (The Inside Voice), Lahore; sheikh Ghulam Ali and sons, p.256.

3) Moinuddin Aqeel , Dr / Iqbal and the Modern World of Islam , Lahore , Maktaba -e-
tameer -e – Insaniat , 2008 , p.168

4) ibid p.168

5) ibid p.219

6) Farman fateh puri, Dr. /Political Ideas of Iqbal and The Pakistan Moment (published
thesis), reference: the Centanary of Iqbaliat, Islamabad, Academy Adbiat Pakistan, and
Iqbaliat Academy , Lahore, 2007, p.652.

7) Khalifa Abdul hakeem, Dr /Thinking of Iqbal, Lahore, Bazam-e-Iqbal, 2005 pp.94-95.

8) Iqbal Bang-e-dara, Lahore, Sheikh Ghulam Ali and sons, p.142.

9) Hamid Raza Siddiqui, Dr/Political wisdom of Iqbal, Beacon Box, 2005, p.142,
Concept of Pakistan in the eyes of the founder of Pakistan published ,Shariah Academy
Islamabad.

10) Ibid, p.141.

11) Muhammad Iqbal, Dr.Allama / The Allah Abad Address, published, Concept
Pakistan, p.50

12) Hamid Raza Siddiqui, Dr/ The political Wisdom of Iqbal Presidential of Sermon,
Allama Dr. Muhammad Iqbal p.115

13) Ibid, p.35

14. Jahangir Alam /Letter of Iqbal to Jinnah, Lahore 1986, p.49, Hamid Raza Siddique,
Dr/Political Ideas of Iqbal, P.35
15. Hamid Raza Siddique, Dr. / Iqbal’s Theory of politics, P.35.

16. Wahid Qureshi, Dr / Manifestoes of Iqbal, Lahore, Bazam-e-Iqbal, 1988, P.06.

17. Hamid Raza Siddique, Dr / Polictal Wisdom of Iqbal, Lahore, beacon box, p.11.

18. Ibid, P.12.

19. Shoresh Kashmiri / Iqbal, The Prophet of Revolution, Lahore, 1968, p 23.

20. Khalifa Abdul hakim, Dr. / Thinking of Iqbal, Lahore, Bazam-e-Iqbal, 2005, p517.

21. Ibid, P.518.

22. Muhammad Iqbal, Dr. / Reformation of Islamic thinking, Translator Sahzad Ahmed,
Lahore, Muktaba Khalil, 2005,

23. Moinuddin Aqeel, Dr. / Iqbal and the Modern World of Islam, Lahore, Maktaba
Tamer-e-Inasniat, 2008, p 49.

24. Ibid, p.70.

25. ibid, p.69

26. ibid, p.70

27, Hamid Raza Siddique, Dr./ Political Wisdom of Iqbal , p.82 .

28 ibid, p .84.

29. Iqbal / bang e Dara, P.190.

30. Ibid, p.202.

31. Ibid, p.248.

32. Ibid, p.269.

33. Iqbal / Armaghan-e-Hijaz , Lahore , Sharah Ghulam Ali and Sons ,p.15 .

34. Ibid, p.43.

35. Iqbal / Zarb-e-Kalim (the Hit of taker), Lahore , Sheikh Ghulam Ali and sons , p.78.
36. Iqbal/Baal-e-Jibraeel (The scratch of Gabriael, P.85

37. Ibid P.83

38. Iqbal/Bang-e-Dara, P.271

39. Iqbal/Baal-e-Jabrael Lahore Sheikh Glulam Ali and Son P.61

40. Iqbal/Bang-e- Dara P.71

41. Ibid P.249

42. Iqbal /Baal-e-Jibrael P.132

43. Iqbal/Armaghan-e-Hijaz, Lahore, Sheikh Sultan Ali and Sons P.42-43

44. Iqbal/Baal-e-Jibrael, to jawed P.147

45. Iqbal Zarb-e-Kaleem, Shaikh Ghlam ,Lahore, Ali and Sons P.145

46. Iqbal Zarbul-e-Kaleem P.86

47. M.Iqbal Dr./Millat-e-Baidha Per Aik Nazar(An eye on the Bright Nation)Lahore
Bazm-e- Iqbal 1994,P.18 Syed M. Akram,Dr; Iqbal and the Identity of Nation- Iqbal aur
Milli Tashakhas, Bazam-e-Iqbal, 1998P.zz (Iqbal and the Muslim Identity)

48. Syed M. Akram/Iqbal or Milli-e- Tashakhus, P.34

49. Khalid Alvi, Dr. /Iqbal aur Muslim Tashakhus (Iqbal and Muslim identy),Islamabad
Dawah Academy 2002, P.144

50.Ibid,P.145, Iqbal P.14, Letter of Iqbal to Jinnah, Lahore 1936

51. Iqbal/Bang-e- Dara P.195

52. Ibid, P.212 -213

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