8 India — Climate ALO 2@ 3@ 46 50 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (©) 9. (b) 10. (a) BL@® 2%4@ 3@ 46) 5© C. 1. @ Latitude i) Relief and Altitude (iii) Distance from the sea 2. The four major seasons of India are -- (i) Cold Weather Season or Winter (ii) Hot Weather Season or Summer (iii) Advancing Monsoons or Rainy Season (iv) Retreating Monsoons or Autumn 3. The ‘Western Disturbance’ originates in the Mediterranean Sea. Tamil Nadu (i) The Arabian Sea Branch (ii) The Bay of Bengal Branch D. 1. In October, the days are hot while the nights are pleasant and cool. The sky is clear. High rate of evaporation during the day causes humidity. The weather becomes sticky and oppressive due to excessive heat and high humidity. This phenomenon is. termed as ‘October Heat’. 2. In Western-North Plain, the average temperature in summer is about 41°C to 43°C. In Rajasthan the mercury level touches to 55°C. Part of North and North-West India experience strong, hot, dry, dusty winds during the day. They are called ‘Loo’. ae 3. In West Bengal and Assam in summer the heat during the day causes violent local thunderstorms in the evening. They are termed as ‘Kalbaisakhi’ or ‘Calamity in the month of Baisakh’. They bring heavy rainfall often with hailstorm. 4. Mango-showers occur in the South India during April/May. In Kerala and Karnataka the Pre-monsoon showers help in the ripening of mangoes, tea and coffee plants. Social Srianra Giurrace Rank-A 47—_ is irregular and undependable. wi are often 5, The m10080PF in the rainy periods. These winds can cause ay spells w! part a 4 droughts in another part at the same in one imate — ia i hot and humid cli it : India in general has ; aie (a) Latitude js located in the tropical and subtropical outh at lower latitudes temperatures in the north summers are warm but winters + quencing India’s cl Relief and Altitude : The towering Himalayas are an effective climatic divide. The location of the mountains and high lands along the path of the moisture laden winds cause heavy rainfall on the windward slopes. Distance from the Sea : Seas have a moderate influence on climate. So places like Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata located near the sea have equable climate. They have less difference between summer and winter temperatures. © © 2. Advancing Monsoons or Rainy Season starts from mid-June and lasts till the end of September. In this season, the South- West Monsoon winds start blowing from the sea. Monsoon is the seasonal reversal of wind system over Ine ae direction of the wind is North-East in winter and South: Naa sae r. A high pressure gradient builds up between cae india with intense low pressure. The moisture eee move from sea to land. Due to the shape of HY eninsula it gets divided into two branches — (a) The Arabian Sea Branch (b) The Bay of Bengal Branch Both the bi ne Called Saas meet in the northern part of India. These -West Monsoon. A major part of the ann Precipitation of India j dia 3. The withdrawal of is due to the South-West monsoo”- i m than its onset. By 0, onsoon from India is far more India, By Novsbe ctober it starts leaving the North~ T end it leave: 's the country. dual _= — BookAs it comes after the monsoon season it is called retreating monsoon season. By the end of September the direct rays of the sun start shifting to the Southern Hemisphere. The winds start retreating from the North-East direction, ice., from land to the sea. They collect moisture from Bay of Bengal before reaching Coromandel Coast. In this season a low pressure is developed in the Bay of Bengal. It gives rise to severe cyclonic storms which hit the eastern coast of India. Tropical cyclones bring rainfall to Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. . In spite of wide variations in temperature and precipitation throughout the country, there is one unifying bond — the monsoon. It influences the overall climate of India. Monsoon has framed our lives. It has influenced our lifestyles. Our agricultural calender, our festivals, plants and animal life and the landscape of the country are all influenced by the monsoon.