. adhle.i @ adhle.

Me al &
N -Me al
CH 3 S Ca 10
No e + 10 Yea In eg a ed PYQ'
. adhle.i @ adhle.i

adhle.in
. adhle.i @ adhle.i

adhle.in
 Metals and iron Metals -

Metals
Metals elements that conduct heat
are and
electricity and are malleable and ductile .

•
All metals → Solid (except )
mercury
•
Metals are
electropositive .

elements ( except
Metals the
hydrogen) which form ions
by losing electrons
•
are + ve .

•
Most abundant metal in Earth 's crust is Al .

Won Metals -

They do not condat heat and

electricity and are neither malleable nor ductile .

Out metals 90 9 ( bromine ) is

of 22 non solids
liquid whereas
remaining 99
•
are a are
gases
-
.
, ,

•
Non metals
-

are
electronegative .

is metal which loses electron

H
only
•
non -

Physical Profeta
Metals Mon Metals -

⑨They

i÷¥%
are malleable and ductile and ,
can be beaten ① Neither malleable nor ductile .

and drawn into thin sheets and wires .

" ""
%"e%÷÷ :{ "
" """" """" "
"" "d " "" "" ""

hit

③ They are lustrous and can be polished .

③ They are not lustrous .

④ They are hard ( except sodium and ⑨ They are

generally soft ( except diamond ) .

potassium) .
⑤ They Melting
diamond)
have
point ⑤ They low
high Melting and
Boiling have comparatively and

(except Sodium and Potassium) .

Boiling point (except .

⑥ They are sonorous . ⑥ They are non sonorous

-
.

Some other properties of Non Metals -

- -

⑨ They can be solid ,

liquids or
gases
at Room Temperature .

② They have low densities i.e .

they are
light substances .

③ Non Metals have different colours :

many
-

Sulphur -
Yellow

Phosphorus -
White Red (
Graphite -
Black etc .

Answered
⑨ i ) Mercury
ii) Sodium
) Copper
iii and Aluminium
iv) head

② Malleable means which is able to be hammered or

pressed into shape without

breaking or
cracking .

•
A metal that can be drawn out into a thin wire is called ductile .
 Chemical Properties

L U
Reaction with Reaction with
oxygen water

metal +
Oxygen → Metal oxide Metal oxide + Water→ Metal hydroxide

⑨ Reactionofmetalw-hoyg.cn

Metal +
Oxygen → Metal Oxide

* When metal are burnt in air , they react with

oxygen
in air to form metal oxide .

in nature
-

Metal oxides turn red litmus blue and they are basic .

4 Na -102cg ,
→ 2 Naso

Sodium Oxide
G) metal Oxygen

Aluminium burns in air ,

to
form aluminium oxide .

GAL -1302 → 2A 1203

Amphoteric
-
Oxides
well behaviour known Amphoteric oxides
Oxides that show basic acidic are as .

as as

Aluminium them
Oxide is one
of .

Zinc also forms amphoteric oxides .

A- 1203+6 HCl →
211013+31120
Aluminium
chloride
( salt )

In this reaction ,
AKO, behaves as a basic oxide .

Ako, -12 NaOH → 2 Na Al 03 t H2O

Sodium
Aluminate
( salt )
•
there Alzoz ,
behaves as an acidic oxide .
② Reaction
- of metal with water :
-

*
When metal reacts with water (cold thot) the product formed are metal
hydroxide
and
hydrogen gas .

Metal oxide + Water → Metal hydroxide

•
When metal reacts with then products metal
a steam ,
are oxide and
hydrogen gas .

Metal Metal oxide

t Steam → +
Hydrogen

2 Kcs> + H2O → 2 KOH + Hz + Heat

water

•
The reaction is exothermic .

•
The reaction of calcium with water is less violent .

The heat evolved is not

sufficient for H to catch
fire
gas
.

( at 2h20 → Ca ( OH)zcaq, t
Hzcg,

Calcium bubbles
starts
floating because of of hydrogen gas
stick to
the surface metals
of .

• Metals like Al ,
Fe and 2n do not react with hot or cold water .

But they react with steam form metal [Also lead Gold
to oxide and
hydrogen
•
, , ,

Silver - > no reaction ]

③ Reaction-
of Metal
-
with Acids :

Metal t Dil Acid → Metal

.
+
Hydrogen
salt

*
Magnesium reacts quite rapidly with dil .
HCl acid
forming magnesium chloride and
hydrogen
gas
.
 Mg -12 HCl →
Mg Ck -1 the
Magnesium Hydrogen
chloride

Aqua Regia
It is
freshly prepared
→
mixture 9 concentrated acid
of part of nitric and 3
parts of
concentrated hydrochloric acid .

Aqua regia can dissolve even

gold and
platinum metals but alone
they can 't do the same .

( atra II of a.at#uuIE ! )

④ Reaction of Metal with salt solution :

- -

Salt of metal B Metal A- → Salt solo At Metal B

Sol . +
of

•
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution .

Reaction with solution

of zinc
sulphate
•

copper .

( us Out In → Zinsou + Cu

copper Zinc

Sulphate Sulphate

Reactivity Series
Arrangement of metals in vertical column in order
of decreasing reactivities is
•
a

called REACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS .

→ Most reactive is placed at the top .

→
Least reactive is placed at the bottom .
 1

Answers
-

⑦ Sodium is a
highly reactive element , that reacts with
oxygen
when comes in contact
with air and burns .

Therefore it immersed in kerosene

is
kept for prevention
•
.
,

② i) Iron with Steam : 3 Fees, -14 H2O → FezOut Hz

%) a) Calcium with water : Cao ,

-12 Hzoce, → Cacotebeaa ,
+
Hug ,

b) Potassium with water : 2Kes, -12 Hake, → 2KOHcaa.it Hug, + Heat

③ i) B -
It
gives displacement reaction with iron CID sulphate .

) Displacement
ii reaction will take place ,
blue colour
of copperCID sulphate solution will
fade and

will
red brown
-

deposit of copper form on B .

iii) B , A , c. D .
⑨ Hydrogen gas is
produced .

•
Feet HzS8u→feSOut Hz

⑤ When it is added in the solution the colour ,

of iron sulphate solution changes .

-
As
zinc is more reactive than iron
,
so it displaces iron from its solution and a
grey precipitate
of iron and a colourless zinc sulphate is
formed .

In + FeS0g→ 2nsOut Fe

flow do metals and non -

metals react ?
When metals
they form
metals react with ionic
•

non -

,
compounds and when non -
metal
reacts with metal
a non
they form covalent compounds
-

, .

Causes of Chemical
Bonding
An atom achieve the inert
gas electron
-

can in three
arrangement ways
:

)i by losing one or more electron .

) by gaining
ii one or more electron .

iii) by
sharing one or more electron .

Lts
→
An ion is
electrically charged atom
an .

Na → Nat t e
-

It is
formed by loss or gain of electrons by atom
•

an
( 2. 8,9) C 2,8 )
.

So it contains unequal number electrons

of protons
•

an or .

Sodium
1-
rely charged ion is known cation
•

as .

rely charged ion is known anion

•
as
-

Ex : If Sodium and chlorine were to react Cl te

-

→ Ce
-

( 2. 8,7) ( 2. 8. 8)
Chloride ion
at:c:*
"
.
→

mail.x.IE:] .

Formation of Sodium chloride

 Ionic Compounds
→
Compounds having ionic bonds are known as Ionic bonds .

They are
formed by transfer of electrons
from one atom to another
•

Electrovalent Compounds
They also known as
•

are .

Paget of Eni Coined

⑨ Ionic compounds are
usually crystalline solids because the
oppositely charged ions

attracts one another

strongly and form a
regular crystal .

② Ionic compounds have and

boiling point
high melting .

③ Ionic but insoluble in solvent

compounds are
usually soluble in water
organic .

④ When we dissolve ionic solid in water or melt it ,

the
crystal structure is broken down

and ions become

free to move and to conduct
electricity .
 Ionic Compounds
→
Compounds having ionic bonds are known as Ionic bonds .

They are
formed by transfer of electrons
from atom to another
•

one .

Electrovalent compounds
They also known as
•

are .

Paget often Coined

⑨ Ionic compounds are
usually crystalline solids because the
oppositely charged ions

attracts one another

strongly and form a
regular crystal .

② Ionic compounds have and

boiling point
high melting .

③ Ionic but insoluble in solvent

compounds are
usually soluble in water
organic .

④ When we dissolve ionic solid in water or melt it ,

the
crystal structure is broken down

and ions become

free to move and to conduct
electricity .
I Mark Questions
3 Marks Questions
Calcium ( 20) -
2,8 , 8,2 Oxygen (8) -

2,6

"

( ca ) :L:O! :]
"
→
ca :
2 2
5 Marks Questions