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ANATOMY
- science of structure
- relationships revealed by dissection (cutting apart)
- imaging techniques
PHYSIOLOGY
1. Chemical Levels
Atoms
- Proton
- Neutron
- Electrons
Molecules
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THE HUMAN ORGANISM AND LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
5. Organ Systems
- consist of one or more organs that provide a common function
Examples:
- Integumentary system
- Skeletal system
- Muscular system
- Nervous system
- Endocrine system
- Cardiovascular system
- Lymphatic system
- Respiratory system
- Digestive system
- Urinary system
- Reproductive system
1. Metabolism
- Sum of all biochemical processes of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
2. Responsiveness
- Ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal and external environment
3. Movement
- Occurs at the intracellular, cellular, organ levels
4. Growth
- Increase in number of cells, size of cells, tissues, organs, and the body. Single cell to multicellular complex
organism
5. Differentiation
- Process a cell undergoes to develop from a unspecialized to a specialized cell
6. Reproduction
- Formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement, or the production of a new individual.
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THE HUMAN ORGANISM AND LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Homeostasis
- Equilibrium of the body’s internal environment produced by the interaction of organ systems and
regulatory processes (feedback systems).
- Homeostasis is a dynamic condition in response to changing conditions.
The two body systems that largely control the body’s homeostatic state:
1. Nervous system
2. Endocrine system
Control of Homeostasis
Receptor
Control center
Effector
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THE HUMAN ORGANISM AND LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Anatomical Position
The anatomical position is a standardized method of observing or imaging the body that allows precise and
consistent anatomical references.
- standing upright
- facing the observer, head level
- eyes facing forward
- feet flat on the floor
- arms at the sides
- palms turned forward (ventral)
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THE HUMAN ORGANISM AND LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Reclining Position
- These terms are used for planes or sections that cut the body, organs, tissues, or cells
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THE HUMAN ORGANISM AND LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Anatomical position – Stand up and put your body in erect position with palms facing forward and thumbs
pointing away from the body, feet parallel and arms hanging at each side and the face placed straight
forward.
Directional Terms – allows medical personnel and anatomist to explain exactly where one body structure is
in relation to another
REGIONAL TERMS
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THE HUMAN ORGANISM AND LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
- Femoral – thigh
- Gluteal – buttock
- Lumbar – area of the back between the ribs and hips
- Occipital – posterior surface of the head
- Olecranal – posterior surface of the elbow
- Popliteal – posterior knee area
- Sacral – area between the hips
- Scapular – shoulder blade region
- Sural – posterior surface of the lower leg
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THE HUMAN ORGANISM AND LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Teacher’s Insight:
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THE HUMAN ORGANISM AND LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
The general anatomy is very important in every student enrolled in any course of the allied health discipline,
the regional terms and directional terms are most often used in the hospital. Like for example, a radiographic
procedure of the shoulders must be taken. The radiographer on duty will instruct you to abduct the arm of the
patient, meaning you must cast the arm away from the midline of the body. Also, the radiographer may
instruct you to direct the central ray cephalad, which means, you must angulate the central ray towards the
head.
This is just a scenario in which usage of the directional and regional terms is used, so every health care worker
must be familiarized in using these terms.
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