Modals

 can/ could  a) ability b) knowledge

I can play the flute.
He cannot/can’t play the flute.
Can you fly a kite?
Mum couldn’t use a computer when she was young.
Could he drive a car when he was 15?
 may/ might  present/future possibility
He may/might join us to the cinema tonight.
She may call me later.
 can/could/ may  a) polite request b) permission
Can you give me the answer to the problem, please?
Could you help me, please?
You may go out now.
-May I use your computer, please? (!! Only I and we !!)
-Yes, you may. / No, you may not. (!! Only full form)
 Should  a) to give/ask for advice
b) sg that is right to do
You should always listen to your parents.
Should I call him or not?
She shouldn’t eat so much junk food.
 must  a) obligation
(also have to/need to) b) necessity
You must look after your baby brother.
Must he do his HW today?
c) to show we’re sure about sg!!!
She won a gold medal! Her parents must be proud of her.
But Remember!! OPPOSITE  can’t !!!
-I just saw Paul walking down the street.
-It can’t be Paul because he’s in a business meeting at the moment.

Semi- modals
 be able to  like can/could to express ability –especially used in
(like can/could) tenses other than present.
Jim isn’t able to wake up early on his own.
The firefighters haven’t been able to put out the fire yet.
Jody wasn’t able to join my party yesterday.
Will you be able to clean the house next Friday?
 have to/ need to  a) obligation b) necessity
(like must) (the same meaning as must in Affirmative and
Interrogative form)

Will you have to work on Saturday?

Her partner was sick, so she had to carry out the research
on her own.
There isn’t any cheese in the fridge. We need to buy some.
Are your sports shoes worn out? Do you need to buy new ones?

!!REMEMBER!!
different meanings in the NEGATIVE form.

 Don’t/doesn’t have to/need to  It isn’t necessary, you don’t need to do sg but

you can do it, if you want to.
Grandma will bake me a cake. I won’t have to make one.
Jill didn’t need to go to the market. Her husband did it for her.

 !! Mustn’t  !! forbidden, against(=opposite) the rules.

Be quiet!! You mustn’t shout in the library!
Watch out!! You mustn’t cross the street without checking!