MODAL VERBS (I):

Must, have to, don’t have to,

mustn’t
Have to, don’t have to

(+) She has to get up at 7 every day.

You have to drive on the left in the UK.

(-) We don’t have to wear a uniform.

He doesn’t have to work today.

(?) Do we have to study this for the exam?

Does he have to tidy his room?
 Use have to to talk about rules and obligations, or to
say that something is necessary.

I have to study harder if I want to pass the exam.

Muslims have to pray 5 times a day.

Must, mustn’t

(+)You must do your homework tonight.

She must wash the dishes before she
leaves.

(-) You mustn’t smoke in class.

They mustn’t leave their bags here.

(mustn’t = must not)

 Use must + infinitive to talk about rules and
obligations.

 Must is a modal verb. The only forms are must and

mustn’t.

 Must, as ALL MODALS, is ALWAYS followed by

infinitive WITHOUT TO!!!
Must vs. Have to

 Both indicate obligation, but there’s

a little difference.

It’s getting late. I must go now 

obligation from the speaker.

It’s getting late. My mum told me I

have to be at home at 9. 
obligation from another person.
 OBLIGATION
FROM THE SPEAKER FROM ANOTHER
PERSON
I must go to bed. I’m You have to wear a
exhausted. seatbelt in the car.
I must remember to Do you have to work
phone her tomorrow on Saturdays?
– it’s her birthday. I had to wear a
uniform when I was
at school.
No obligation/necessity:
don’t have to.

You don’t have to come to the party if you don’t

want to.

You don’t have to pay for the photocopies, they

are free.
Prohibition: mustn’t

 Don’t have to and mustn’t are

completely different. Compare

You mustn’t smoke inside a hospital. It’s

forbbiden. (It’s the law)
You mustn’t drink and drive.

You don’t have to drive to the party, I’ll

pick you up. (You can drive if you
want, but it is not necessary).