EXPERIMENT NO: 06

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: Study of Frequency demodulation.

Objective:
l. To design and implement the FM demodulator by using MC4046.

Theory:
FM signals can be demodulated using different techniques. Our focus in this experiment will
be on the Slope Method, which uses a cascaded differentiator with an envelope detector
circuit as illustrated in fig. The differentiator basically produces an AM-like signal that is
then demodulated by the envelope detector block.

(( t
s(t) = At 2 π ∫ c +2 π k f ∫ m ( τ ) dτ
0
))
 where,
m(t)=modulating signal
fc = carrier frequency.
Ac = carrier amplitude.
k f = sensitivity factor.

If we let the modulating signal be a pure sinusoid m(t) = m(t) = Am cos 2 π ∫ mtthen equation
becomes.

k f Am
s(t) =
((
Ac cos 2 π ∫ ct+
fm
sin 2 π ∫ mt
)) = Ac cos ¿

where, k f A m = ∆ f = frequency deviation

∆f
β= = Modulation Index.
∫m

There are two types of FM signals depending on the value of; NBFM ( β ≪ 1) and WBFM
(all β).
Differentiating s(t) in (3.7) with respect to t we get:
ds( t) = - (2
π f c +2 π k f m(t) ¿ ¿
dt
Note that equation (3.8) similar to AM modulated signal.
The output after the envelope detector given as the following:

Ac (2π ∫ c+ 2 π k f m(t )¿

Capacitor must be added to do dc blocking.

Equipment:

1. Power supply (ETEK — 2002 module)

2. Signal Generator (ETEK — 2002 module)
3. Oscilloscope
4. ETEK ACS-3000-04 module
Circuit Diagram:

Working Procedure:
1. Refer to the Figure -3 (ETEK ACS-3000-04 module) to produce the modulated FM signal as
the signal source. Adjust variable resistor VRi so that the frequency at the modulated FM
output port (FM O/P) is 20 kHz square wave.
2. Refer to the circuit diagram 'in Figure 3 (ETEK ACS-3000-04 module). Adjust the free-
running frequency (f0) of the VCO output port (TPI) be 20 kHz.
3. Connect the output port (FM O/P) of the VCO MC4046 to the input port (FM I/P) of the PLL
CD4046.
4. At the audio input port (Audio I/P) of the VCO CD4046, input 250mV amplitude and I kHz
sine wave frequency. By using oscilloscope, observe on the output signal waveforms of the
demodulated FM signal (Audio O/P) at PLL CD4046. Then record the measured results in
Table 6-1.
5. According to the input signals in Table 6-1, repeat Step 4 and record the measured results in
Table 6-1.

Results:

Table 6-1: Output Waveform:

(Vm-250mV, f0=20kHz)

Questions:

1. What are the advantages of FM modulation over AM modulation?

Report Format
Report should be written by following below steps:
1. Objective
2. Basic theory
3. Equipment/Apparatus
4. Connection diagram or Block diagram
5. Input, Output
6. Discussion
7. Answer to the given questions