What is Behavior?

•It is an actions of an organism or system,

usually in relation to its environment, which
includes the other organisms or systems around
as well as the physical environment.

Major kinds of behavior

i. Overt behavior - Behaviors that are

outwardly manifested

ii. Covert behavior-Behavior that is hidden

iii. Voluntary behavior- Behavior that is done

with full volition or will

iv. Involuntary behavior - Refers to bodily

processes that goes even when we are
awake or asleep.

What is Abnormal Behavior?

•It is something deviating from the normal or
differing from the typical, is a subjectively
defined behavioral characteristic, assigned to
those with rare or dysfunctional conditions. It
may be abnormal when it is unusual.
SYMPTOMS OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR

1. Long Periods of Discomfort. This could be

anything as simple as worrying about a
calculus test or grieving the death of a
loved one.
2. Impaired Functioning. Here, a distinction
must be made between simply a passing
period of inefficiency and prolonged
inefficiency which seems unexplainable.
3. Bizarre Behavior- It has no rational basis
seems to indicate that the individual is
confused. The psychoses frequently results
to hallucinations.
4. Disruptive Behavior- means impulsive
apparently uncontrollable behavior tha
disrupts the lives of others or deprives
them on their human rights on a regular
basis.

What is anti-social behavior?

Behavior that is not generally approved to the
standard and conformity of the society
What is criminal behavior?
Behavior that refers to actions that are
prohibited by the state punished under the law.
What is Insanity?
It is not a psychological or psychiatric term
but a legal term.
A person is insane if he/she is not able to
judge between right and wrong. It is the mental
inability in managing one's affairs or to be
aware of the consequences of one's actions and
it is established by testimony of expert
witnesses.

What is M'Naghten rule?

in 1734 an English court maintained that a man
was not responsible for an act if he does not
know what he is doing.

What is Durham rule?

The Durham rules states that an accused is not
criminally responsible if his unlawful act is
the product of mental disease or defect

Insanity
- No presence of intelligence
Mental disease
- with intelligence but the behavior is
compulsive

HALLUCINATION, ILLUSION AND DELUSION.

HALLUCINATION – It’s seems real but does not
exist.
ILLUSION – Something that is false or not real
but seems to be true or real.
DELUSION – Delusion is false belief.

TYPES OF DELUSIONAL DISORDER

 PERSECUTORY TYPE ( Delusion of Persecution )
– The Person believes that he or she is
being threatened or mistreated by others .
  GRANDIOSE TYPE ( Delusion of Grandeur ) –
People with this disorder believe that they
are extraordinary people with possessed
power, knowledge or ability .
 JELOUS TYPE – This Delusion centers on the
suspected unfaithfulness of a spouse or
sexual partner .
 EROTOMATIC TYPE – This type of delusional
disorder where a person has an erotic
delusion where a person has an erotic
delusion that she/he loved by another
person, is especially by someone famous or a
higher status .
 SOMATIC TYPE - Person with this disorder
believes that there is something terribly
wrong with his or her body .
 GUILT DELUSION – Person with this disorder
believes that he or she has done something
horribly wrong .

CRIMINAL MAY BE DEFINED IN THREE (3) WAYS .

 A person who committed a crime and has been
convicted by a court in violation of
criminal law. (legal def.)
 A person who violated a social norm or one
who did an anti-social act (Social def.)
 A person who violated rules of conduct due to
behavioral maladjustment (Psychological
def.)
ORIGINS OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR
1. BIOLOGICAL FACTOR - Inevitable
consequences of BAD SEED OR BAD BLOOD .
2. PERSONALITY DISORDER FACTOR -
Personality disorder factors refer to an
act that exhibit pervasive pattern of
disregard for the violation of the rights
of others.
3. LEARNING FACTOR – Explains that criminal
behavior is LEARNED primarily by observing
or listening to people around us .
PERSONALITY - Personality refers to sum
total of typing ways of acting, thinking,
and feeling that makes each person
unique .

 INTROVERT – An introvert is a person whose

attention is focused inward he/she is usually
shy, reserved, and self-centered person.
 EXTROVERT – An extrovert is a person whose
attention is directed outward. He/she is a
bold and outgoing.

DETERMINANTS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

 HEREDITY - This refers to the genetic
influences, those that are the
 characteristics of a person acquired from
birth transferred from one generation to
another.
 ENVIROMENT – This refers to anything around
the person that influences his action.

The pathogenic family structure:

 THE INADEQUATE FAMILY
- Characterized by inability to cope with the
ordinary problems of family living. It lacks
the resources, physical or psychological, for
meeting the demands of the family
satisfaction.
 THE ANTI-SOCIAL FAMILY
– Refers to the unacceptable values as a
result of the influence parent to their
children.
 THE DISCORTANT OR DISTURBED FAMILY
 – Characterized by non-satisfaction of one or
both parent from the relationship that may
express feeling of frustration.
 THE DISRUPTED
– Characterized by incompleteness whether as a
result of death, divorce, separation or some
other circumstances.

MENTAL RETARDATION
 MENTAL RETARDATION – it is a common mental
disorder before the age of 18. The person is
suffering from low I.Q., and difficulty in
focusing attention and deficiency in fasting
learning.

INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT BASELINE

IDIOT 1-25
(1 to 3 years old mentality )
IMBECILE 26-50
 (3 to 6 years old mentality )
MORON 51-75
(6 to 8 years old mentality )
DULL-MINDED 76-90
(9-11 years old mentality )
NORMAL 91-120
(11 to 14 years old mentally )
SUPERIOR 121-130
TALENTED 131-140
GENIOUS 140- ABOVE

LEVELS OF MENTAL RETARDATION

i. Mind mental retardation I.Q. level is
between 50 to 70,subject is educable.
ii. Moderate mental retardation I.Q. is between
35 to 40, subject is trainable.
iii. Severe mental retardation I.Q. is between
20 to 34, subject is totally dependent.
iv. Profound mental retardation I.Q. is below
20subject need life support retarded.

STRESS AND DEPRESS

 STRESS – Is a consequence of the failure
of human being to respond appropriately to
emotional or physical threats.

TWO TYPES OF STRESS

i. Eustress - is a word consisting of two
parts the pre-fix derives from the
Greek ‘Eu’ meaning well or good.
ii. Distress - Is a persistent stress that
is not resolved thru coping and
adaption.

DEPRESSION - is an illness that causes a person

to feel sad and hopeless much of a time.

MAJOR CAUSE OF DEPRESSION

Abuse
Certain Medication
Conflict
Death or loss of love ones
Genetics
Major events
 Serious illness

DIFFERENT FORMS OF DEPRESSION

 MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER – This is

called major depression. It is
characterized by a combination of
symptoms that interfere with a person’s
abilities.
 DYSTHYMIC DISORDER – This type of
depression is persistent but less severe
than major depressive disorder.
 PYSCHOTIC DEPRESSION – This occurs when
severe depressive illness is accompanied
by hallucinations and delusions.
 POST PARTUM DEPRESSION -It’s a major
depressive episode that occurs within a
month of delivery.
 SEOSANAL EFFECTIVE DISORDER – Its
characterized by onset od depressive
illness during winter month.
 BIPOLAR DISORDER – Its characterized by
cyclical mood changes from extreme high
to extreme low.
 INDIGENOUS DISORDER – This type of
depression is defined as feeling
depressed with no apparent reason.
 SITUATIONAL DEPRESSION OR REACTIVE
DISORDER – A depression which develop as
a response to specific situation or
event.