NAME: ADEYEMO SAMOD OLAWALE

MATRIC NO: P/ND/18/3210078

COURSE TITLE: FILE ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
COURSE CODE: COM124
CLASS: COMPUTER SCIENCE ND3 PT

Write a short note on the following

1) File in computing
A file is an object on a computer that stores data, information, settings, or
commands used with a computer program. In GUI (graphical user interface),
such as Microsoft Windows, files display as icons that relate to the program
that opens the file. For example, all PDF icons appear the same and open in
Adobe Acrobat or reader associated to the PDF files. If a program is
associated with a program, double-clicking the icon opens it in the default
program.

2) Relate record, field, character, byte and bits to a file

A record is a data structure that groups together related items of data.
These are slightly more complex than arrays as you can store more than one
type of data together.
A record is a collection of related fields that represents a single entities, e.g.
in a class score sheet.

A combination of one or more characters is called field. It is smallest

unit of data that can be accessed by the user. The name of each field in a
record is unique. The data type of a field indicates the type of data that can
be stored in the field.each field contains one specific piece of information. A
field size defines the maximum number of characters that can be stored in a
field.
A character is the smallest element in a computer file and refers to the
letter, number or symbol that can be entered stored and output by a
computer. A character is made up of seven or eight bits depending on the
character coding scheme used.

A byte is a data measurement unit that contains eight bits, or a series of

eight, zeros and ones. A single byte can be used to represent 28 or 256
different values. The byte was originally created to store a single character,
since 256 values is sufficient to represent all lowercase and uppercase
letters, numbers, and symbols in western languages.
 A bit (short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of measurement used to
quantify computer data. It contains a single binary value of 0 or 1. While a
single bit can define a Boolean value of true (1) or false (0), an individual bit
has little other use.

3) Explain blocks of data

A block is the smallest amount of data that a program can request. It is a
multiple of an operating system block, which is the smallest amount of data,
can be retrieved from storage memory. Multiple blocks in a database
comprise an extent. Each operating system has a block size. Oracle requests
data in multiples of oracle data blocks, not operating system blocks.