MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE & TECHONOLGY

NAME: DELIGERO, JOLUIS J. COURSE: BSCRIM-3 (Floating) CODE: GE086 CGEC 3

Operation of Algebraic Expressions (2) Multinomials/Polynomials

Adding Polynomials
To add polynomials, you first need to identify the like terms in the polynomials and then combine them
according to the correct integer operations. Since like terms must have the same exact variables raised to the
same exact power, identifying them in polynomials with more than one variable takes a careful eye.
Sometimes parentheses are used to distinguish between the addition of two polynomials and the addition of a
collection of monomials. With addition, you can simply remove the parentheses and perform the addition.

EXAMPLE:
1.) (5x + 3y) + (4x – 4y + z) + (-3x + 5y + 2z)
= 5x + 3y + 4x – 4y + z - 3x + 5y + 2z
= 5x + 4x - 3x + 3y – 4y + 5y + z + 2z
= 6x + 4y + 3z

2.) 4x2 +(−12xy) + 9y2 + 25x2 + 4xy + (−32y2)

=(4x2 +25x2) +[(−12xy)+ 4xy] + [9y2+ (−32y2)]
=29x2 + (−8xy) +(−23y2)
=29x2 – 8xy – 23y2

3.) (3a2 + ab – b2) + (-a2 + 2ab + 3b2) + (3a2 – 10ab + 4b2)

= 3a2 + ab – b2 - a2 + 2ab + 3b2 + 3a2 – 10ab + 4b2
= 3a2 - a2 + 3a2 + ab + 2ab – 10ab – b2 + 3b2 + 4b2
= 5a2 – 7ab + 6b2

4.) (3x+2y)+(5x-6y+z) +(-4x+ 5y+4z)

=3x+3y+5x-6y+z-4x+5y+4z
=3x+5x-4x+2y-6y+5y+z+4z
=4x+2y+5z

5.) (8x + 4y) + (6x – 2y + z) + (-4x + 6y + 3z)

= 8x + 4y + 6x – 2y + z - 4x + 6y + 3z
= 8x + 6x - 4x + 4y – 2y + 6y + z + 3z
= 10x + 8y + 4z
 Subtracting Polynomials
You can apply the same process used to subtract polynomials with one variable to subtract polynomials with
more than one variable. In order to remove the parentheses following a subtraction sign, you must multiply
each term by −1.

EXAMPLE:

1.) (14x3y2 – 5xy + 14y) – (7x3y2 – 8xy + 10y)

=14x3y2 – 5xy + 14y – 7x3y2 + 8xy – 10y
=14x3y2 – 7x3y2 – 5xy + 8xy + 14y – 10y
=7x3y2 + 3xy + 4y

2.) 5x + 9y - 2z – (2x - 5y + 3z)

= 5x + 9y - 2z – 2x + 5y - 3z
= 5x – 2x + 9y + 5y - 2z - 3z
= 3x + 14y - 5z

3.) x2 - y3 + z – (-6x2 - 8y3 + 15z)

= x2 - y3 + z + 6x2 + 8y3 - 15z
= x2 + 6x2 - y3 + 8y3 + z - 15z
= 7x2 + 7y3 - 14z

4.) 3a3+5a2-7a+10-6a3-8a2+a+10
6a3- 8a2 + a + 10
3a3 + 5a2 – 7a + 10
3a3 - 13a2 + 8a

5.) 7x + 8y - 2z – (2x - 5y + 3z)

= 7x + 8y - 2z – 2x + 5y - 3z
= 7x – 2x + 8y + 5y - 2z - 3z
= 5x + 13y - 5z
 Multiplying Polynomials

Polynomials with more than one variable can also be multiplied by one another. You use the same techniques
you used when you multiplied polynomials with only one variable.
To multiply a monomial by a binomial, you use the distributive property in the same way as multiplying
polynomials with one variable.

EXAMPLE:

1.) 5x2y2(2x2+5xy-10)

=5x2y2(2x2+5x2y2(5xy)-5x2y2(10)

=5(2)x2(x2)y2+5(5)x2(x)y2(y)-5(10)x2y2

=10x4y2+25x3y3-50x2y2

2.) (5x+x2 -1)(4+x)

=20x+ 5x2+4x2+x3 – 4 - x

=19x+ 9x2 +x3-4

=x2+9x2+19x-4

3.) x – y – z by -8x2

= -8x2 (x – y – z)

= (-8x2(x) – (-8x2 (y) – (-8x2( z)

= -8x3 + 8x2y + 8x2z

4.) 3x + 5y – 6z – 5x

=-5x (3x + 5y – 6z)

= -5x(3x) + -5x(5y) – -5x(6z)

= -15x2 – 25xy + 30xz

5.) ( 2 + 2xy )+( y2 + 1) z

=z (x2 + 2xy + y2 + 1)

=z (x2) + z(2xy) + z(y2) + z(1)

= x2z + 2xyz + y2z +

 Dividing Polynomials
The fourth arithmetic operation is division. Polynomials with more than one variable can also be divided. When
dividing monomials with more than one variable, you divide the coefficients and then divide variables. When
there are exponents with the same base, the law of exponents says you divide by subtracting the exponents.
Consider this example.

EXAMPLE:

1. (x2 + 8x) ÷ x
= [x2 ÷ x] + [8x ÷ x]
=x+8

2. (4y4 – y3 + 2y2) ÷ (–y2)

= [4y4 ÷ –y2] + [– y3 ÷ –y2] + [2y2 ÷ –y2]
= –4y2 + y – 2

3. 35x3yz2 ÷ -7xyz
=(35÷ -7) x3 – 1y1 – 1z2 – 1
= -5 x2y0z1
= -5x2z

4. 8x2y3/-2xy
= (8÷-2) x2 – 1y3 – 1
= -4xy2

5. -15x3yz3 ÷ -5xyz2
= (-15÷-5) x3 – 1y1 – 1z3 – 2
= 3 x2y0z1
= 3x2z
 LONG DIVISION METHOD
Step 1: Make sure the polynomial is written in descending order. If any terms are
missing, use a zero to fill in the missing term (this will help with the spacing).
Step 2: Divide the term with the highest power inside the division symbol by the term
with the highest power outside the division symbol.
Step 3: Multiply (or distribute) the answer obtained in the previous step by the
polynomial in front of the division symbol.
Step 4: Subtract and bring down the next term.
Step 5: Repeat Steps 2, 3, and 4 until there are no more terms to bring down.
Step 6: Write the final answer. The term remaining after the last subtract step is the
remainder and must be written as a fraction in the final answer.

EXAMPLES:

1. 3.

2. 4.

5.
 SIMPLIFIED METHOD
• Remove any grouping symbol such as brackets and parentheses by multiplying factors.
• Use the exponent rule to remove grouping if the terms are containing exponents.
• Combine the like terms by addition or subtraction
• Combine the constants

EXAMPLES:

1. 3x2 + 5x2
= (3 + 5) x2
= 8x2

2. 26a2 + 4a2
=(26+4)a2
=30a2

3. 2 + 2x [2(3x+2) +2)]
= 2 + 2x [6x + 4 +2] = 2 + 2x [6x + 6]
=2 + 2x [6x + 6]
= 2 + 12x 2 + 12x
=12x 2/2 + 12x/2 + 2/2
= 6 x 2 + 6x + 1

4. 3x + 2(x – 4)
=3x + 2(x – 4)
= 3x + 2x – 8
= 5x – 8

5. 3x – (2 – x)
= 3x + (–1) [2 + (–x)]
= 3x + (–1) (2) + (–1) (–x)
= 3x – 2 + x
= 4x – 2
SYNTHETIC DIVISION
Synthetic division is another way to divide a polynomial by the binomial x - c ,
where c is a constant.

Step 1: Set up the synthetic division.

Step 2: Bring down the leading coefficient to the bottom row.
Step 3: Multiply c by the value just written on the bottom row.
Step 4: Add the column created in step 3.
Step 5: Repeat until done.
Step 6: Write out the answer

EXAMPLES:

1.) x3 + 5x2 -2x – 24 ÷ x – 2 2.) -9x4 +10x3 + 7x2 − 6 ÷ x−1

x–2 | x ³ + 5x² – 2x – 24 1 | -9 10 7 0 -6
-8 1 8 8
2 | 1 5 -2 -24
________________________
2| 1 5 -2 -24 -9 8 8 2
________________________
1
=-9x3 +8x2+8x + 2÷ x -1
2| 1 5 -2 -24
2
________________________ 3.) 2x3 + 5x2 + 9 by x + 3
1 7

2| 1 5 -2 -24 _____________________
2 14
__________________________
x +3 | 2x3 + 5x2 + 0x + 9
1 7 12
-3| 2 5 0 9
2| 1 5 -2 -24
2 14 24 -3 | 2 5 0 9
__________________________ ________________________
1 7 12 0 2
-3 | 2 5 0 9
=x3 + 5x2 -2x – 24 ÷ x – 2 = x² + 7x + 12
-6
________________________
2 -1
-3 | 2 5 0 9
-6 3
________________________
2 -1 3
-3 | 2 5 0 9
-6 3 -9
________________________
2 -1 3 0

=2x2– x + 3
4.) 3x3 + 10x2 − 6x −20÷ x+2 5.) x2 + 11x + 30 by x + 5

_____________________ _____________________
x + 2 |4x3 + 10x2 − 6x − 20 x +5 | x2 + 11x + 30

-2| 4 10 6 20 -5 | 1 11 30

-2 | 4 10 6 20 2| 1 11 30
________________________ ________________________
4 1

-5 | 1 11 30
2| 4 10 6 20 -5
________________________
-8 1 6
________________________

4 2 -5 | 1 11 30
-5 -30
-2 | 4 10 -6 20
________________________
-8 -4
1 6 0
________________________
4 2 10
=x+6

-2 | 4 10 -6 20

-8 -4 -20

________________________

4 2 -10 0

=4x2 + 2x −10