UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA

FACULTY OF EDUCATION SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
PROJECT WORK

COURSE TITLE: ALGEBRA II

COURSE CODE: MATD121
COURSE LECTURER: MR. EMMANUEL KOJO AMOAH
LEVEL: 100

STUDENT NAME:
STUDENT INDEX NUMBER:
GROUP: SIX(6)
 MATRIX
TUTORIAL SET 11 – QUESTIONS
1. Transpose the following matrices
a. [ 5 −7 8 0 3 ]
b. [1 3
−5 4 ]
[ ]
5 6 7
c. 3 −7 1
−3 0 4

2. What are the sizes of the following matrices?

a. [
0 5
−5 0 ]
[ ]
0 −3 −7
b. 3 0 1
7 −1 0

[ ]
0 3 1 −4 2
−3 0 −4 −9 0
c. −1 4 0 8 7
4 9 −8 0 −5
−2 0 −7 5 0

3. Find the values of the unknowns in each of the following equal matrices.
a. [ ][
12 45 = 12 45
y 0 −5 x ]
[ ][ ]
0 −3 −7 0 −3 −7
b. 3 7 1 =x y 1
7 −1 18 7 −1 2 z

[ ] [ ] [ ]
−4 2 4 7 −3 5 1 2 3
4. Given that A= 3 5 6 , B= 6 −2 5 ∧C= 4 −1 0 .
8 0 9 −7 0 1 −4 −2 9
Find A+ B+C

5. Solve the systems of linear equations by inverse method.

 {43 x−2 y−3=0
x+2 y−4=0

6. Use Cramer’s Rule to solve these simultaneous equations.

3 x−5 y=31∧2 x + y=1

7. Solve the following system of equations using Cramer’s Rule.

{
−2 y + z=7
3 x + y−z=2
2 x +3 y +2 z =7

SOLUTIONS TO TUTORIAL SET 11

[]
5
−7
1. a. 8
0
3

b. [ 13 −54 ]

[ ]
5 3 −3
c. 6 −7 0
7 1 4

2. a. ( 2 ×2 )
b. ( 3 ×3 )
a. ( 5 ×5 )

3. a. x=0 and y=−5

b. x=3 , y=7
2 z=18
z=9

4. A+ B+C

| || |
−4+7+ 1 2−3+2 4+5+3 4 1 12
3+6 +4 5−2−1 6+5+0 = 13 2 11
8−7−4 0+0−2 9+1+9 −3 −2 19
5. 4 x−2 y=3
3 x+ 2 y =4

[ 43 −22 ][ xy ]=[ 34]

−1
A =
[
1 4 −2
detA 3 2 ] ⇒
4 ( 2 )−3 (−2 ) 3 2 ]
1
[ 4 −2

14 [−3 4 ]
−1 1 2 2
A =

14 [−3 4 ][ 4 ]
1 2 2 3
X=

X=
[
1 2 ( 3 ) +2(4 )
14 −3 ( 3 )+ 4 (4) ]
X=
1 14
14 7
=[ ][ ]
1
0.5
Hence x=1 and y=0.5

6. 3 x−5 y=−31
2 x+ y =1

[ 32 −51 ][ xy ]=[−311]
det A=3 ( 1 )−2 (−5 )
¿ 13

Dx=
[−311 −51 ]
¿−31 ( 1 ) −1 (−5 )=−26

Dy= [ 32 −31
1 ]
¿ 3 ( 1 )−2 (−31 )=65
Dx −26 Dy 65
x= = =−2∧ y= = =5
D 13 D 13
7. −2 y + z=7
3 x+ y−z=2
2 x+3 y +2 z=7

[ ][ ] [ ]
0 −2 1 x 7
A ⇒ 3 1 −1 y = 2
2 3 2 z 7

det A=23

[ ] [ ] [ ]
7 −2 1 0 7 1 0 −2 7
Dx= 2 1 −1 =56 Dy= 3 2 −1 =−39 Dz= 3 1 2 =83
7 3 2 2 7 2 2 3 7

Dx 56 Dy −39 Dz 83
x= = =2.434 y= = =−1.693 z= = =3.6
D 23 D 23 D 23

LINEAR PROGRAMMING.
TUTORIAL SET 12 – QUESTIONS
1. A tailor has the following materials available: 16 square yards of cotton, 11 square yards
of silk and 15 square yards of wool. A suit requires 2 yards of cotton, 1 square yard of
silk and 1 one yard of wool. A gown requires 1 square yard of cotton, 2 square yards of
silks and 3 square yards of wool. Suppose the profit (P) is GH¢30 on a suit and GH¢50
on a gown, find the maximum profit that can be made and the corresponding number of
suits and gowns that yield the maximum profit.

2. A pension fund manager decides to invest at most GH¢50 million in U. S Treasury Bonds
paying 4% annual interest and in mutual funds paying 6% annual interest. He plans to
invest at least GH¢20 million in bonds and at least GH¢6 million in mutual funds. Bonds
have an initial fee of GH¢300 per million dollars, while the fee for mutual fund is GH
¢100 per million. The fund manager is allowed to spend no more than GH¢8,400 on fees.
How much should be invested in each to maximize annual interest? What is the
maximum annual interest? (Hint: Objective function: z=0.04 x +0.06 y )
3. Solve the following linear programming problems using graphical method
a. Minimize z=2 x+ 4 y subject to
x +2 y ≥ 10
3 x+ y ≥ 10
x ≥0 , y ≥ 0
b. Maximize z=2 x+ 5 y subject to
3 x +2 y ≤ 6
−2 x+ 4 y ≤ 8
x + y ≥1
x≥0, y≥0

4. Maximize z=5 x 1+ 3 x 2 +7 x 3 subject to

{
4 x 1 +3 x2 +2 x 3 ≤ 60
3 x 1+ 4 x 2 + x 3 ≤ 24
x1 ≥ 0 , x 2 ≥ 0 , x 3 ≥ 0

5. State the dual problem for each of the following problems.

a. Minimize w=3 y 1 +5 y 2 subject to

{
3 y1 + y2 ≥ 4
− y 1+ 2 y 2 ≥6
y1 ≥ 0 , y2 ≥ 0

b. Minimize w=4 y 1+ 7 y 2 subject to

{
y 1+ y 2 ≥ 17
3 y 1+ 6 y 2 ≥ 21
2 y 1 + 4 y 2 ≥ 19
y 1 ≥0 , y 2 ≥0

6. Use duality to solve the following problems

a. Minimize w=2 y 1+ y 2+3 y 3 subject to

{
y 1 + y 2+ y 3 ≥ 100
2 y 1+ y 2 ≥ 50
y1≥ 0 , y2 ≥ 0 , y3≥ 0
.
b. Minimize w=3 y 1 + y 2+ 4 y 3 subject to

{
2 y 1+ y 2 + y 3 ≥ 6
y 1 +2 y 2 + y 3 ≥ 8
2 y 1 + y 2+ 2 y 3 ≥12
y1 ≥ 0 , y2 ≥ 0 , y3 ≥ 0
 SOLUTIONS TO TUTORIAL SET 12
1. Cotton Silk Wool
A x1 2 1 1 30
B x2 1 2 3 50
16 11 15
z=30 x 1+ 50 x 2
2 x1 + x 2 ≤ 16
x 1+ 2 x 2 ≤ 11
x 1+ 3 x 2 ≤15

2 x1 + x 2 +s 1=16
x 1+ 2 x 2 +s 2=11
x 1+ 3 x 2 + s3=15
−30 x 1−50 x2 + z=0

x1 x2 s1 s2 s3 z C Quotient
2 1 1 0 0 0 16 16÷ 1=16 R1−R 3
1 2 0 1 0 0 11 11÷ 2=6.5 R2−2 R3
1 3 0 0 1 0 15 15÷ 3=5 R3
3
-30 -50 0 0 0 1 0 R4 + 50 R 3

x1 x2 s1 s2 s3 z C Quotient
5 0 1 0 −1 0 11 5 5
11÷ =6.6 R1− R
3 3 3 3 2
1 0 0 1 −2 0 1 1 1
1÷ =3 R2 ÷
3 3 3 3
1 1 0 0 1 0 5 1 1
5 ÷ =15 R3− R 2
3 3 3 3
−40 0 0 0 50 1 250 40
R4 + R
3 3 3 2

x1 x2 s1 s2 s3 z C Quotient
0 0 1 -5 3 0 6 6 ÷ 3=2 R1
3
 1 0 0 3 -2 0 3 R2 +2 R 1
0 1 0 -1 1 0 4 4 ÷1=4 R3−R 1
0 0 0 40 -10 1 29 R4 + 10 R 1
0

x1 x2 s1 s2 s3 z C
0 0 1 −5 1 0 2
3 3
1 0 2 −1 0 0 7
3 3
0 1 −1 2 0 0 2
3 3
0 0 10 70 0 1 310
3 3

x 1=7 x 2=2 z=310

∴ z=30 x1 +50 x 2

¿ 30 ( 7 ) +50 ( 2 )=310

2. z=0.04 x +0.06 y subject to

x ≤ 50
x ≥ 20
y ≤50
y ≥3

300 x+ 100 y ≤ 8400=3 x + y ≤ 84

x=50 , x=20 , y=50 , y=6

For x=0 For y=0

300 x+ 100(0)=8400
100 y=8400
300 x=8400
y=84 (0,84)
x=28 (10,0)
 We use the corner points to find the maximum value of z.
Corner z=0.04 x +0.06 y Remarks
Points
A ( 20,50 ) z=0.04 ( 20 )+ 0.06 ( 50 )=3.8
B ( 20,25 ) z=0.04 ( 20 )+ 0.06 ( 25 )=2.3
C ( 50,50 ) z=0.04 (50 )+ 0.06 ( 50 )=5 Maximum
D ( 50,3 ) z=0.04 (50 )+ 0.06 ( 3 )=2.18
E ( 27,3 ) z=0.04 ( 27 ) +0.06 ( 3 )=1.26
The maximum value 5 is and it occurred at the corner point (50,50).

3. a. x +2 y =10
For x=0 For y=0
0+2 y=10 x +2(0)=10
y=5 (0,5) x=10 (10,0)

TEST POINTS INEQUALITY x +2 y ≥ 10 CONCLUSION

(0 , 0) 0+2(0)=0 , 0<10 Not part of the solution
( 4 , 5) 4 +2 ( 5 )=14 ,14 >10 Part of the solution

3 x+ y=10 For y=0

For x=0 3 x−0=10
3 ( 0 ) + y =10 10
y=10(0,10) x= =3.33 (3.3,0)
3
TEST POINTS INEQUALITY 3 x + y ≥ 10 CONCLUSION
(0 , 0) 3(0 ¿+0=0 , 0<10 Not part of the solution
 (5 , 4) 3 ( 5 ) +4=19 , 19>10 Part of the solution

We use the corner points to find the minimum value of z.

Corner Points z=2 x+ 4 y Remarks
A ( 0,0 ) z=2 ( 0 ) + 4 ( 0 )=0 Minimum
B ( 2,4 ) z=2 ( 2 ) +4 ( 4 )=20
C ( 3.333,0 ) z=2 ( 3.3333 ) +4 ( 0 )=6.6666
D ( 0,5 ) z=2 ( 0 ) + 4 ( 5 )=20
The minimum value is 0 and it occurred at the corner point (0,0).

b . 3 x+ 2 y =6
For x=0 For y=0
3(0)+2 y=6 3 x+ 2(0)=6
y=3 (0,3) x=2 (2,0)

TEST POINTS INEQUALITY 3 x +2 y ≤ 6 CONCLUSION

(0 , 0) 3(0)+2( 0)=0 , 0<6 Part of the solution
( 4 , 5) 3( 4)+2 ( 5 )=22 , 22> 6 Not part of the solution

−2 x+ 4 y=8
For x=0 For y=0
−2 ( 0 ) +4 y=10 −2 x+ 4( 0)=8
y=2.5 (0,2.5) x=−4 (−4,0)
TEST POINTS INEQUALITY -2 x +4 y ≤ 8 CONCLUSION
(0 , 0) -2(0 ¿+ 4( 0)=0 , 0<8 Part of the solution
(5 , 5) −2 ( 5 ) +4 (5)=10 , 10>8 Not part of the solution

x + y=1
For x=0 For y=0
0+ y =1 x +0=1
y=1 (0,1) x=1 (1,0)
TEST POINTS INEQUALITY x + y ≥ 1 CONCLUSION
(0 , 0) 0+0=0 , 0<1 Not part of the solution
(5 , 5) 5+5=10 ,10> 1 Part of the solution

We use the corner points to find the maximum value of z.

Corner Points z=2 x+ 5 y Remarks
A ( 0,1 ) z=2 ( 0 ) +5 ( 1 )=5
B ( 0,2 ) z=2 ( 0 ) +5 ( 2 )=10
C ( 1,0 ) z=2 ( 1 ) +5 ( 0 )=2
D ( 2,0 ) z=2 ( 2 ) +5 ( 0 )=4
 E ( 0.5 , 2.25 ) z=2 ( 0.5 ) +5 ( 2.25 )=¿ 12.25 Maximum
The maximum value is 12.25 and it occurred at the corner point (0.5, 2.25).

4. z=5 x 1+ 3 x 2 +7 x 3
4 x1 +3 x 2+ 2 x 3 ≤60
3 x 1 +4 x2 + x 3 ≤24
x 1 ≥ 0 , x2 ≥ 0 , x 3 ≥0

4 x 1+3 x 2 +2 x 3 + s1=60
3 x1 + 4 x 2+ x 3 + s2=24
−5 x 1−3 x2 −7 x3 + z=0

x1 x2 x3 s1 s2 z C Quotient
4 3 2 1 0 0 60 60÷ 2=30 R1−2 R2
3 4 1 0 1 0 24 24÷ 1=24
-5 -3 -7 0 0 1 0 R3 +7 R2
x1 x2 x3 s1 s2 z C
-2 -5 0 1 -2 0 12
3 4 1 0 1 0 24
16 25 0 0 7 1 168

x 1=0 x 2=0 x 3=24 z=168

z=5 x 1+ 3 x 2 +7 x 3
z=5 ( 0 ) +3 ( 0 )+7 ( 24 )
z=168

5. a. z=4 x 1+ 6 x 2
3 x 1−x 2 ≤ 3
x 1+ 2 x 2 ≤ 5
x 1 ≥ 0 , x2 ≥ 0

3 x 1−x 2+ s1 =3
x 1+ 2 x 2 +s 2=5
−4 x1 −6 x 2+ z=0

x1 x2 s1 s2 z C Quotient
3 -1 1 0 0 3 R 1 + R2
 1 2 0 1 0 5 5÷ 2=2.5 R2
2
-4 -6 0 0 1 0 R3 +6 R2

x1 x2 s1 s2 z C Quotient
7 0 1 1 0 11 11 7 11 7
÷ = R1 ÷
2 2 2 2 2 7 2
1 1 0 1 0 5 5 1 1
÷ =5 R 2 − R1
2 2 2 2 2 2
-1 0 0 3 1 15 R3 + R1

x1 x2 s1 s2 z C
1 0 2 1 0 11
7 7 7
0 1 −1 3 0 12
7 7 7
0 0 2 22 1 116
7 7 7

11 12 116 2 22
x 1= x 2= z= s1=¿ y 1= s2= y 2 =
7 7 7 7 7
w=3 y 1 +5 y 2

w=3 ( 27 )+5( 227 )= 1167

b. z=17 x 1+ 21 x 2 +19 x3

x 1+ 3 x 2 +2 x3 ≤ 4
x 1+6 x 2 +4 x3 ≤ 7
x 1 ≥ 0 , x2 ≥ 0 , x 3 ≥0

x 1+3 x 2 +2 x 3 + s1=4
x1 +6 x 2 +4 x 3 + s2=7
−17 x 1−21 x 2−19 x 3 + z=0

x1 x2 x3 s1 s2 z C Quotient
1 3 2 1 0 0 4 4÷ 3=1.33 R1 +3 R2
 1 6 4 0 1 0 7 7÷ 6=1.16 R2
6
-17 -21 -19 0 0 1 0 R3 +21 R2

x1 x2 x3 s1 s2 z C Quotient
1 0 0 1 −1 0 1 1 1 1
÷ =1 R1 ÷
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 0 1 0 7 7 1 1
÷ =7 R2− R1
6 3 6 6 6 6 6
−27 0 -5 0 7 1 49 27
R3 + R1
2 2 2 2

x1 x2 x3 s1 s2 z C
1 0 0 2 -1 0 1 R1 + R2
0 1 2 −1 1 0 1 1
R2 ÷
3 3 3 3
0 0 -5 27 -10 1 38 R3 +10 R2

x1 x2 x3 s1 s2 z C
1 3 2 1 0 0 4
0 3 2 -1 1 0 3
0 30 15 17 0 1 68

x 1=4 x 2=0 x 2=0 z=68

s1=¿ y 1=17 s2= y 2 =0

w=4 y 1+ 7 y 2

w=4 ( 17 ) +7 ( 0 ) =68

6. a. w=2 y 1+ y 2+3 y 3
y 1 + y 2 + y 3 ≥100
2 y 1 + y 2 ≥ 50
y 1 ≥ 0 , y 2 ≥ 0 , y 3 ≥0
.

[ ]
1 1 1 100
A= 2 1 0 50
2 1 3 0
 [ ]
1 2 2
T
A = 1 1 1
1 0 3
100 50 0

Z=100 x1 +50 x 2
x 1+ 2 x 2 ≤ 2
x 1+ x2 ≤1
x1≤ 3
x 1 ≥ 0 , x2 ≥ 0
x 1+ 2 x 2 +s 1=2
x 1+ x2 + s2=1
x 1+ s 3=3
−100 x 1−50 x 2 + z=0

x1 x2 s1 s2 s3 z C Quotient
1 2 1 0 0 0 2 2 ÷1=2 R1−R 2
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1÷ 1=1
1 0 0 0 1 0 3 3 ÷ 1=3 R3−R 1
-100 - 0 0 0 1 0 R4 + 100 R 2
50

x1 x2 s1 s2 s3 z C
0 1 1 -1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 0 0 1
0 -1 0 -1 1 0 2
0 50 0 100 0 1 100

x 1=1 x 2=1 z=100

s1=¿ y 1=0 s2= y 2 =100 s3= y3 =0

w=2 y 1+ y 2+3 y 3

w=2 ( 0 ) +100+3 ( 0 ) =100

b. w=3 y 1 + y 2+ 4 y 3
 2 y 1 + y 2+ y 3 ≥ 6
y 1 +2 y 2+ y 3 ≥ 8
2 y 1 + y 2 +2 y 3 ≥ 12
y 1 ≥ 0 , y 2 ≥ 0 , y 3 ≥0
.

[ ]
2 1 1 6
A= 1 2 1 8
2 1 2 12
3 1 4 0

[ ]
2 1 2 3
T 1 2 1 1
A =
1 1 2 4
6 8 12 0

z=6 x 1 +8 x 2+12 x 3
2 x 1 + x 2+2 x 3 ≤ 3
x 1 +2 x2 + x 3 ≤1
x 1+ x 2 +2 x3 ≤ 4
x 1 ≥ 0 , x2 ≥ 0 , x 3 ≥0
2 x 1 + x 2+2 x 3+ s 1=3
x 1 +2 x2 + x 3 +s 2=1
x 1+ x 2 +2 x3 + s3 =4
−6 x 1−8 x 2−12 x3 + z=0

x1 x2 x3 s1 s2 s3 z C Quotient
2 1 2 1 0 0 0 3 3÷ 2=1.5 R1−2 R2
1 2 1 0 1 0 0 1 1÷ 1=1
1 1 2 0 0 1 0 4 4÷ 2=2 R3−2 R2
-6 -8 -12 0 0 0 1 0 R4 + 12 R2

x1 x2 x3 s1 s2 s3 z C
0 -3 0 1 -2 0 0 1
1 2 1 0 1 0 0 1
-1 -3 0 0 -2 1 0 2
6 16 0 0 12 0 1 12

x 1=0 x 2=0 x 3=1 z=12

 s1=¿ y 1=0 s2= y 2 =12 s3= y3 =0

w=¿ 3 y 1+ y 2+ 4 y 3

w=3 ( 0 ) +12+ 4 ( 0 )=12

SEQENCE AND SERIES & MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

TUTORIAL SET 13 – QUESTIONS
1. Find the 20th, 89th and 107th terms of the sequence defined by a n=3 n

2. Find the first five terms and the 99th term of the sequence defined by each of the
following formulae.
a. a n=n−1
b. a n=n2−1

3. Re-write the sum in different form.

6

∑ √ k +4
k=0

4. Atanga deposits 2,000 Ghana Cedis in a savings account that pays 2.4% interest per year
compounded monthly. The amount in the account after n months is given by
An =2000 1+( 0.024 n
12 )
. Find the amount in the account after 3 years.

5. Show that n2 +n is divisible by 2 for all natural numbers.

6. Prove that ( n+1 )2 <2 n2 for all natural numbers n ≥ 3.

SOLUTIONS TO TUTORIAL SET 13

1. a n=3 n
20th Term: a 20=3 ( 20 )=60
89th Term: a 89=3 ( 89 )=¿ 267
107th Term: a 107=3 ( 107 )=¿ 321

2. First 5 terms and 99th term

 a. a n=n−1
a 1=1−1=0
a 2=2−1=1
a 3=3−1=2
a 4=4−1=3
a 5=5−1=4
a 99 =99−1=98

2
b. a n=n −1
2
a 1=1 −1=0
2
a 2=2 −1=3
2
a 3=3 −1=8
2
a 4=4 −1=15
2
a 5=5 −1=24
2
a 99 =99 −1=9800

3.
6 6
1
∑ √ k +4=∑ −1
k=0 k=0 2
(k +4 )

( )
nf
0.024
4. An =2000 1+
12
If n=3
A3 =2000 1+ (
0.024 3 6
12 )
A3 =Ȼ 2,149.16 ¿
∴ the amount in the account after 3 years is GHȻ 2,149.16

5. If n=1
12 +1=2
2 is divisible by 2
Assume n=k
k + k ,2 j where j ϵ N
2

For n=k +1
2
(k + 1) +k +1
Main proof
 2
(k + 1) +k +1
2
k +2 k +1+ k +1
2
k + k +2 k +2
2 j+2 k +2
2( j+ k +1) is divisible by 2
∴ by PMI n2 +n ∀ n ∈ N

6. n ( 3 )= ( 3+1 )2< 2 ( 3 )2
16<18 which is true
Assume n=k
2 2
(k + 1) <2 k
For n=k +1
(k + 2)2 <2(k + 1)2

LOGICAL REASONING
TUTORIAL SET 9 – QUESTIONS
Decide whether each of the following is a statement or not. If it is a statement, state whether it
is a compound or simple statement.
1. Yield to the oncoming traffic.
2. 5+8=13 and 4−3=1
3. Where are you going?
4. Behave yourself and sit down.
5. Write the negations of the following statements:
b. p: Monday immediately follows Sunday
c. q: 5>3

6. Construct the truth table for the following implications and determine whether P and Q
are equivalent.
a. P ⇒Q
b. Q ⇒ P
c. P ⇔Q
Obtain a valid conclusion from the following statements
7. P: Lazy students fail their examination.
Q: Aku is lazy since she failed the examination.

8. A: Every Science student studies chemistry.

B: Kwame does not study chemistry so he is not a science student.
SOLUTIONS TO TUTORIAL SET 9
1. Not a statement
2. Compound statement
3. Not a statement
4. Not a statement
5. a. p : Monday does not immediately follow Sunday
b . q :3<5

6.
P Q P ⇒Q Q⇒P P ⇔Q
T T T T T
T F F T F
F T T F F
F F T T T

7. Let L= { Lazy people }

F={ People who faail Exams }
A={ Aku }

L
F A

∴ The diagram above shows that ,even though Aku is lazy , she may not fail the exams .
Hence , the argument is valid

8. Let S= { Science students }

C={ Chemistry Students }
K= { Kwame }

S
 C K

∴ The diagram above shows that ,even though Kwameis a science student , he may not study
Chemistry . Hence ,the argument isnot valid .