9.

Aplicar el método Gauss-Siedel para obtener la solución de los siguientes sistemas:

{
3 x 1 + x 2+−x 4 =4
3 x 2−x 3=−2
(a)
2 x1 + 4 x 4=5
5 x 4=2 .5

{
x 1 +6 x 2+ 2 x 3=15
(b) x 1+ x 2−6 x 3=−3
6 x 1+ x2 + x 3=9

(A)

3 x 1+ x 2 +−x 4 =4
3 x2 −x3 =−2
2 x 1 +4 x 4 =5
5 x 4=2.5

5 x 4=2. 5=0.5

4 + x 4−x 2 4 +0.5−2
x 1=1 , x 1= = =0.83
3 3
−2+ x 3 −2+ 3
x 2=2 , x 2= = =0.3
3 3
5−2 x 1 5−2(0.83)
x 3=3 , x 4= = =1.4025
4 4
Error= 280.5%

(B)

x 1+ 6 x2 +2 x 3=15
x 1 + x 2−6 x 3=−3
6 x 1+ x 2 + x 3=9

 Primera iterancia

15−2 x 3−6 x 2 15−2(3)−6 (2)

x 1=1 , x 1= = =−1
3 3
−3+ 6 x 3−x 1 −3+6( 3)−(−1)
x 2=2 , x 2= = =5 .3
3 3
9−6 x 1−x 2 9−6 (−1)−5.3
x 3=3 , x 3= = =3.2
3 3
  segunda iterancia

15−2(3.2)−6(5.3)
x 1=−1 , x 1= =7.73
3
−3+ 6∗3.2−7.73
x 2=5.3 , x2 = =2.83
3
9−6∗7.73−2.83
x 3=3.2 , x 4= =13.40
3
 tercera iterancia

15−2 x 3−6 x 2 15−2(13.4)−6(2.83)

x 1=7.73 , x 1= = =9.593
3 3
−3+6 x 3−x 1 −3+6(13.4)−(−9.593)
x 2=2 .83 , x 2= = =28.997
3 3
9−6 x 1−x 2 9−6 (−9.593)−28.997
x 3=1 3.4 , x 4 = = =12.52
3 3

10. Se consideran los sistemas:

{
2 x 1−x 2 +10 x 3=−11
(i) 3 x 2−x 3+ 8 x 4=−11
10 x 1−x 2+ 2 x 3=6
−x 1−11 x 2−x 3 +3 x 4=25

{
10 x 1−x 2 +2 x 3=6
10 x 2−x 3+ 3 x 4 =25
(ii)
2 x 1−x 2 +10 x3 =−11
−3 x 2−x 3+ 8 x 4=−11

(a) Calcular las dos primeras iteraciones para los métodos de Jacobi y de Gauss-Seidel con
0
x =(0,0,0,0).
Método Jacobi:
A X = b

[ ]( ) ( )
2 x1 −x2 +10 x 3=−11
2 −2 10 0 x 1 −11
3 x 2−x 3+ 8 x 4 =−11 0 3 x
−1 8 2 = −11 : AX =b
10 −1 2 0 x3 6
−1 −11 −1 3 x 25
4
10 x 1−x 2+2 x 3=6

−x 1−11 x2−x 3 +3 x 4=25

A=D-L-U

[ ] [ ] [ ]
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 −2 10 0
0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 −1 8
D= ; L= ; U=
0 0 2 0 10 −1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 3 −1 −11 −1 0 0 0 0 0

 Primera iterancia
1 −1 −1 0
x =D b+ D ( L+U ) x

[ ][ ]
1 1
0 0

()
2 0 0 2 0 0

[ ][ ]
1 0

( )
x1 1 0 0 −11 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 −2 10 0 x 1
1 0 0 0
x2 3 −11 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 −1 8 x 2
= +
x3
1
1 6 1 10 −1 0 0 0 0 0 0 x 30
0 0
x4
1 0 0 2 25 0 0 2 −1 −11 −1 0 0 0 0 0 x0
4
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0
3 3

( ) ( ) [ ][ ]
1
0
1
2 0 0
x1 −5.5 1 0 0 0 −2 10 0 0
0
x 21 −3.67 3 0 0 −1 8 ¿ 0
= +(
x 31 3 1 10 −1 0 0 0
0
x4
1 8.33 0 0 2 −1 −11 −1 0 0
0 0 1
0
3

( ) ( )[ ]
1
x1 −5.5 0 −1 5 0 0
1
x2 −3.67 + 0 0 −0.33 2.67
= ( 0)
x3
1
3 5 −0.5 0 0 0
x 41 8.33 −0.33 −3.67 −0.33 0 0

( ) ( )()
1
x1 −5.5 0
1
x2 −3.67 0
= +
x3
1
3 0
x 41 8.33 0
( )(
1

)
x1 −5.5
1
x2
= −3.67
x3
1
3
x 41 8.33

 Segunda iterancia

x 2=D−1 b+ D −1( L+U ) x1

[ ][ ]
1 1
0 0

()
2 0 0 2 0 0

[ ][ ]
x 12 1

( )
1 0 0 −11 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 −2 10 0 x 1
0 0
x 22 3 −11 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 −1 8 x 2
1

= +
x 32 1 6 1 10 −1 0 0 0 0 0 0 x 31
0 0
x4
2 0 0 2 25 0 0 2 −1 −11 −1 0 0 0 0 0 x1
4
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0
3 3

( ) ( ) [ ][ ] ( )
1
0
2 2 0 0
x1 −5.5 1 0 0 0 −2 10 0 −5.5
2 0
x2 −3.67 3 0 0 −1 8 ¿ −3.67
= +(
x3
2
3 1 10 −1 0 0 3
0
x 42 8.33 0 0 2 −1 −11 −1 0 8.33
0 0 1
0
3

( ) ( )[ ]( )
2
x1 −5.5 0 −1 5 0 −5.5
2
x2 −3.67 0 0 −0.33 2.67 −3.67
= +
x3
2
3 5 −0.5 0 0 3
x4
2 8.33 −0.33 −3.67 −0.33 0 8.33

( ) ( )(
2

)
x1 −5.5 18.7
2
x2 −3.67 21.2
= +
x3
2
3 −25.7
x4
2 8.33 14.3

( )( )
x 12 −135.2
x 22
= 17.53
x 32 22.7
x 42 22.63
Método Gauss-Seidel:

Despejamos las variables ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 ) en (i)

−11+ x2 −10 x 3
x 1=
2
−11+ x3 −8 x 4
x 2=
3
6−10 x 1 + x 2
x 3=
2
25+ x 1−11 x 2+ x 3
x4 =
3
 Hallamos la primera iteración, siendo x 0=(0,0,0,0).

K=1

1 −11+ x 20−10 x 30 −11+ 0−( 10 ) ( 0 )

x1 = = =−5.5
2 2

−11+ x 30−8 x 40 −11+0−( 8 )( 0 )

1
x2 = = =−3.67
3 3

0 0
6−10 x 1 + x2 6−(10)(0)+ ( 0 )
1
x3 = = =3
2 2

0 0 0
25+ x 1 −11 x2 + x 3 25+(0)−( 0 ) +0
1
x4 = = =8.3
3 3
1
x =(−5.5 ,−3.67,3,8 .3).

 Hallamos la segunda iteración, siendo x 1=(−5.5 ,−3.67,3,8 .3).

K=1
1 1
−11+ x 2 −10 x 3 −11−3.67−( 10 ) ( 3 )
2
x1 = = =−22.365
2 2

−11+ x 31−8 x 41 −11+3− ( 8 ) ( 8.3 )

2
x2 = = =−24.8
3 3
 1 1
2 6−10 x 1 + x 2 6−(10)(−5.5)+ (−3.67 )
x3 = = =28.665
2 2
1 1 1
25+ x 1 −11 x 2 + x 3 25+(−5.5)−11(−3.67)+8.3
2
x4 = = =22.723
3 3
Quedando:
2
x =(−22.365;−24.8 ;28.665 ; 22.723) .

(b) Para el segundo sistema, estimar el número de iteraciones necesarias para que, en el
k+1 k −4
método jacobi, se cumpla ¿∨x −x ∨¿ ∞ ≤10

10 x1−x 2 +2 x3 + 0 x 4 =6
0 x 1+10 x 2−x 3 +3 x 4=25
2 x1 −x2 +10 x 3+ 0 x 4=−11
0 x 1 −3 x 2−x 3 +8 x 4 =−11

[ ] [ ] [ ]
10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 −1 2 0
0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 −1 3
D= ; L= ; U=
0 0 10 0 2 −1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 8 0 −3 −1 0 0 0 0 0

 Primera iterancia

x 1=D−1 b+ D −1 ( L+U ) x0

[ ]
1
0

()
1
10 0 0

( )
x1 1 0 0 6
1 0
x2 10 25
= +
x3
1
1 −11
0
x4
1 0 0 10 −11
0 0 1
0
8

[ ]
1
0
10 0 0

[ ][ ]
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 −1 2 0 x 10
0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0 −1 3 x 20
( + ) 0
1 2 −1 0 0 0 0 0 0 x3
0
0 0 10 0 −3 −1 0 0 0 0 0 x4
0

0 0 1
0
8
 [ ]
1
0

( )(
10 0 0

[ ]
1

)
x1 0.6 1 0 0 0 −1 2 0 0
1 0
x2 2.5 10 0 0 −1 3 0
= +( ¿
x3
1
−1.1 1 2 −1 0 0 0
0
x4
1 −1.38 0 0 10 0 −3 −1 0 0
0 0 1
0
8

( ) ( )[ ]
1
x1 0.6 0 −0.1 0.2 0 0
1
x2 2.5 + 0 0 −0.1 0.3
= (0 )
x3
1
−1.1 0.2 −0.1 0 0 0
x 41 −1.38 0 −0.375 −0.125 0 0

( ) ( )()
1
x1 0.6 0
1
x2 2.5 0
= +
x3
1
−1.1 0
x 41 −1.38 0

( )( )
1
x1 0.6
1
x2 2.5
=
x3
1
−1.1
x4
1 −1.38

 Segunda iterancia

x 2=D−1 b+ D−1( L+U ) x1

[ ]
1
0

()
2 10 0 0

( )
x1 1 0 0 6
2 0
x2 10 25
= +
x3
2
1 −11
0
x 42 0 0 10 −11
0 0 1
0
8

[ ]
1
0
10 0 0

[ ][ ]
1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 −1 2 0 x1
0 1
10 0 0 0 0 0 0 −1 3 x2
( + )
1 2 −1 0 0 0 0 0 0 x 31
0
0 0 10 0 −3 −1 0 0 0 0 0 x 41
0 0 1
0
8
 [ ]
1
0

( )(
10 0 0

[ ]( )
2

)
x1 0.6 1 0 0 0 −1 2 0 0.6
2 0
x2 2.5 10 0 0 −1 3 2.5
+( ¿
x3
2
−1.1 1 2 −1 0 0 −1.1
0
x4
2 −1.38 0 0 10 0 −3 −1 0 −1.38
0 0 1
0
8

( ) ( )[ ]
2
x1 0.6 0 −0.1 0.2 0
2
x2 2.5 + 0 0 −0.1 0.3 ¿
=
x3
2
−1.1 0.2 −0.1 0 0
x 42 −1.38 0 −0.375 −0.125 0

( )( ) (
2

)
x1 0.6 0.6
2
x2 2.5 + 2.5
x3
2
−1.1 −1.1
x 42 −1.38 −1.38

( )( )
2
x1 1.2
2
x2 5
=
x3
2
−2.2
x4
2 −3.76