AQUEOUS EQUILIBRIA – PART 2

Question of the Day:  Why is it so crucial for us to understand how water functions, both physically and
chemically, on our planet?

Questions to answer during lecture!

1. When water dissociates in itself, the reaction can be written as

HOH  H+1 + OH-1 or it can be written as HOH  _________________ + OH-1.

2. H3O+1, known as the _________________, is another way to show H+1 in water, as it attracts the
oxygen atoms of nearby water molecules.

3. Water has its own equilibrium constant of 1 x 10-14, which is represented by the symbol
_________________, since it is such an important quantity in nature and science.

4. The concentration of H+1 and OH-1 in a container of pure water are equal, and mathematically
equal _________________ M.

5. An acid will dissolve in water, increasing the amount of _________________ ions beyond the
natural 1 x 10-7M concentration that is normally there.

6. A base will dissolve in water, increasing the amount of _________________ ions beyond the
natural 1 x 10-7M concentration that is normally there.
7. If a solution has a higher H+1 concentration than OH-1concentration, then the solution is referred
to as a/n _________________.

8. If a solution has a higher OH-1 concentration than H+1 concentration, then the solution is referred
to as a/n _________________.

9. The _________________ ranges from 1 to 14, with substances with a pH of 1-6 being acidic,
substances with a pH of 8-14 being basic, and substances with a pH of 7 being neutral, or pure
water.

10. The pH scale can be confusing, because the greater the amount of H+1 in a solution, the
_________________ the pH!

11. pH is mathematically calculated by taking the negative logarithm of the _________________

concentration.

12. pH is simply looking at the negative exponent of ten on the H+1 concentration! So, a glass of
orange juice with an H+1 concentration equal to 1 x 10-4M has a pH of _________________.

13. When the number at the beginning of the H+1 concentration is not one (1), a calculator must be
used. For example, the H+1 concentration of acid rain is
4.57 x 10-2M. The pH will be close to 2, but the exact pH of acid rain is _________________.

14. The pH scale is built on a base _________________ logarithmic scale.

15. If a substance containing H+1 ions is added to a container of pure water, These H+1 ions will react
with naturally occurring _________________ ions in water to reform HOH, or undissociated
water molecules.

16. In the mathematical relationship, [H+1][OH-1] = 1 x 10-14, The concentration of

[1]
water on the bottom of the fraction is 1 because concentrations of pure solids and
_________________ do not change throughout solution!
17. Even though pOH is not used as a measurement scale, it is useful because it allows me to
calculate pH using the following equation: __________________________________

__
18. If the pH of a solution is 3.5, then the H+1 concentration of the solution is equal to 1 x 10 .

GUIDED PRACTICE PROBLEMS!

1. Calculate the [H+1] concentration for each of the following solutions, and then calculate the pH.
Indicate whether the solutions are acidic, basic, or neutral.

a. [OH-1] = .000050M b. [OH-1] = 3.2 x 10-9 M c. [OH-1] = .0300M

2. Calculate the pH for each of the following solutions, and then calculate the [OH-1] concentration.
Indicate whether the solutions are acidic, basic, or neutral.

a. [H+1] = .0000045M b. [H+1] = 2.70 x 10-11M c. [H+1] = .00900M

3. If a sample of HNO3 is added to pure water, how does the [OH-1] concentration change? How
does the pH change? If the [OH-1] concentration is measured to be 6.7 x 10-9M, what is the H+
concentration of the solution? What is the pH of the solution? Is the solution acidic or basic?

4. The pH of a sample of lake water tainted with acid rain was measured and found to be 3.5. What
is the concentration of [H+1] and [OH-1] in the lake water?

5. Calculate the pH of the following solutions:

a. .0500M HCl b. .0125M Sr(OH)2

c. .723 g of HClO4 in .500 L of water d. .020M HCl
e. .0250M NaOH

6. What is the concentration of LiOH in an aqueous solution if the pH is 11.50?