Q2) What are business processes?

What is the relationship between ISs and Business

Processes?

Ans) A business process is a series of connected tasks that end with the delivery to a customer of
a service or product. A business process has also been described as a collection of activities and
tasks that will achieve an organisational objective once completed. The process must include
inputs that are clearly defined and a single output. All variables that contribute (directly or
indirectly) to the added value of a service or product are made up of these inputs.

Three types of business process

1.Operational process: The operational processes are the procedures and tasks which play a
direct role in the production of outputs from the inputs. Inputs include items such as labour, raw
materials, and currency. Outputs include: the finished product or service, and the customer
satisfaction level that follows.

2.Supporting process: Processes that support the core processes are those supporting processes.
In the example of manufacturing, hiring manufacturing workers could be a supporting
mechanism.

3.Management Process: Management tasks are a formal means of doing things. Management is
a mechanism to emphasise that all executives, regardless of their competence or ability,
participate in certain inter-related activities to achieve their desired goals. 4 Functions of
management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling that managers perform to
accomplish business goals efficiently.

Information systems are an interconnected series of data collection, storage, and processing
components for the provision of information, knowledge, and digital items. Companies use
information systems to carry out and coordinate their activities, communicate with their
customers and suppliers, and perform in the marketplace. To manage and maintain their internal
organisational infrastructures, most business organisations are becoming more and more
dependent on information systems. To stay competitive in the changing world, it is necessary to
maintain up-to-date, complete, and accurate data. Organizations use many kinds of information
systems to assist with their daily operations.

Q3) What are the components of the IT infrastructure?

Ans) The IT infrastructure consists of the IT component and application required to operate the
organisation

IT infrastructure structure composed of seven components

1.Operating system platforms: Operating systems are software that handles the computer's
resources and activities and acts as a user interface. They include client computer platforms
dominated by Windows operating systems, and servers dominated by different types of UNIX or
Linux operating systems.

2. Computer hardware platforms: A hardware platform is a collection of compatible hardware

to run software applications. These platforms have its own programs and machine language.
Client computers and server machines as well as modern mainframes are included in this
platform.

3.Internet platforms: The Internet is a big network created by linking many small networks to
each other. It is a forum for all Internet-connected users to act as platforms in various fields.
Internet networks compete with the general networking infrastructure and hardware and software
platforms of the company and must contribute to them. Internet-related infrastructure includes
software, hardware and maintenance resources for corporate websites, intranets, and extranets,
including web hosting services and development tools for web software applications.

4.Networking/telecommunication platforms: Windows server operating systems, Novell,

Linux, and UNIX are used as networking and telecommunication platforms. The TCP/IP
standards for networking are used by almost all LANs and many broad-area networks (WANs).
It enables organisations to add real-time communication capabilities to business applications,
such as videos, voice, and messaging, by deploying application programme interfaces (APIs)

5.Data management and storage: Data processing and storage is managed by applications for
database management and storage devices, including conventional types of storage such as disc
arrays and tape libraries and newer network storage systems such as storage area networks
(SANs). Data management tasks include the development of policies, analysis, and architecture
for data governance; incorporation of database management system (DMS); detection,
segregation, and preservation of data protection and data source.

6.Enterprise software applications: An enterprise application (EA) is a broad forum for

software systems designed to run in a corporate setting such as a corporation or government. EAs
are difficult, modular, component-based, distributed, and essential to the task. SAP, Oracle, and
PeopleSoft, and middleware software used to connect the current application systems of an
organisation, are included in Enterprise and other software applications.

7.Consulting and system integration services: Consulting and system integration services rely
on emerging technologies and infrastructure to integrate the legacy systems of an organisation
and provide experience in the introduction of new infrastructure along with related
improvements in business processes, training, and software integration. Legacy systems are
usually older mainframe computer transaction processing systems that continue to be used to
escape the high cost of replacing or redesigning them.