SON Eden Net in

Mobifone

By Caecilia Adji
June 2018
1 Caecilia Adji
SON and Eden Net
as Automation
Platform

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01
distributed SON (dSON)

SON capabilities that are part of network elements

Need for real time assessment of system performance and action
Must be normally provided by respective network equipment vendor

Example:
• UE based ANR
Standards based for
• Inter frequency ANR UE based
• Multiband load balancing
LTE
Radio Network
Elements

Nokia LTE Nokia 3G Vendor X Vendor Y Vendor Z

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centralized SON (cSON)
SON capabilities that are part of EML, NML layer (EMS, NMS)
Network wide visibility, analyze KPI trend & act
Example:
• Optimization of Neighbor relations of LTE
• LTE RACH optimization
• Cell outage detection
• PCI conflict resolution

Element management layer NetAct 3rd Party NMS

NetAct

Network elements

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Nokia hybrid SON solution
multi-vendor hybrid approach to SON
Centralized SON
Multi-Vendor
(and Nokia-only) Nokia Eden-NET SON

Shared OAM Interfaces (OSSii)

Centralized SON
Vendor-Specific Nokia Eden-NET SON/
EMS
NetAct

Proprietary OAM Interfaces

Distributed SON
eNB Layer Macro FZC FZM FZP Macro Macro
Standards-based
Multi-Vendor X2 Interface
FZAP

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Leveraging the unique benefits of both centralized and distributed SON
Distributed SON
Real-time assessment of network conditions
• Allows for faster analysis and decision making of localized
RF conditions (load, interference, etc)
• Leverages standards based X2 interface to communicate
with neighboring eNB
Examples: ANR, eICIC, Load Balancing
Assist centralized SON functionality
• SON functionality that partly resides in the eNB and partly
resides in the NMS
• Allows for localized optimization with centralized policies
• Examples: MRO (eNB provides MRO-specific counters)
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Centralized SON
Automating manual tasks
• Manuel efforts replaced by automation
• Examples: ANR, MLB, Cells anomaly detection
Trending data over longer period of time
• Allows for analysis with greater amounts of data
• Example: MRO, Crossed Sectors, CCO
Optimization of entire network
• Improved performance and allocation of resources when
optimization occurs across entire network
• Example: PCI, PRACH
Consistent multi-vendor SON policy management
Operator’s existing process
Managing the network operations through Open loop process

Monitor Optimize Implement

(KPI) (parameter tuning) (provisioning)

Multiple Tools Required

Complexity DomainTime
Expertise neededCost Human Aspects

€
Multiple tools covering configuration, Users require expertise in Monitoring Human Intervention at each step -
Optimization and

s
monitoring/resolution in Open Loop + =
KPIs, Triggering at right point in time,
Optimization, configuration, conflict
resolution each time
possibility of delays & human errors
due to manual processes involved

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Closed loop automation
managing the network operations through rapid automation process
Deployment & Set-
Self healing
up
✓ Automation for error detection
✓ Faster maintenance and reduced outage
times.

Complexity SelfTime
optimization Cost

€
✓ Self-optimization

Coordination &
control s ✓ Increase network quality and performance.
+ =
✓ Optimized parameters and coverage
usage.

Self configuration

✓ Simplify installation procedures.

✓ Reduce site visits and site planning.

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Open loop Vs closed loop automation

▪ Multiple applications, multiple clicks ▪ Simplified & Unified UI. No need to toggle
(Optimization Tools, CM Tools, KPI multiple tools/apps
Reporting Tools)
▪ Efficient workflow management

Closed Loop
▪ Low level of automation, Slow Execution
High level of automation,
Open Loop

▪
▪ Requires expertise to use , Involves high
degree of manual intervention ▪ Ease of use

▪ Event based triggering absent, Only single
SON algorithm could be executed at a
time
▪ Lack of centralized control & visibility
▪ Faster execution of SON algorithms
▪ Event based triggering
(eg. based on traffic load or KPI thresholds)
▪ Time based triggering (eg. Daily, weekly, etc.)

▪ Parallel execution of multiple SON algorithm

▪ Automated plan provisioning

9 Caecilia Adji Internal use only

Nokia Eden-NET SON
State of art visualization capabilities
Advanced selection & MAP visualization
• Scope selection from Map – polygon, circle
• Cell status, PCI, scrambling code views
• Propagation delay
• Filter options

CM, PM visualization

• Ability to view CM, KPI information in one UI

• KPI trend visualization
• View problematic cells based on KPIs
• View KPIs before & after network changes

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Nokia Eden-NET SON
Automatic KPI Reporting

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Nokia Eden-NET
Highly Scalable, Fully Virtualized SON Architecture.

Optimization Engineer Optimization Engineer Optimization Engineer

Vendor 1
GSM

Vendor 1
Eden-NET-1 Eden-NET-2
WCDMA Vendor 1 OSS APP VM DB VM APP VM DB VM
GUI/Tomcat GUI/Tomcat
Vendor 1 My SQL My SQL
LTE SON SON
Modules Modules
Vendor 2 OSS PM, CM PM, CM
Vendor 2 Framework Framework
GSM
CM/PM CM/PM
Vendor 2 Ingestion Ingestion
WCDMA E-mail server
Linux VM Linux VM
Vendor 2
LTE Alarm Manager Vmware ESXI Hypervisor(virtualized Environment)
Geo Location Tool*

Work order System*

SAN Storage
* Planned Integration
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 Nokia Eden-NET
Proven at Scale Across Diverse Deployments Deployments

100’s
(including
With the Eden–NET solution we have seen
significant improvements in our network.
108 11M 2.2B legacy son)
Deployments 2G/3G/4G Cells Subscribers Optimization
- Grant Castle, T-Mobile US VP
Engineers
Eden-NET is an essential tool for the
Nokia Network Planning & Optimization
(NPO) services organization; Eden-NET
provides great value for network
optimization.
- Dennis Lorenzin, VP Network Planning &
Optimization Business Line at Nokia
Nokia has garnered the largest C-SON
revenue market share this year, passing
Amdocs, Cisco, and Huawei.
- Stéphane Téral, Senior Research
Director HIS Technology

Orange chose one centralized SON tool

for its world group — the Nokia solution.
Multi-vendor capability and open API,
provided with the Eden-NET solution are
seen as a huge potential for evolution for
Orange.
- Vincent Diascorn, Orange R&D
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Typical Improvements
• 15% Reduction in DCR and PS Drop Rate • 5% Crossed Feeders
• 20% Improvements to HO Success Rate • 10% over/under shooting cells
• 33% Drop in RRC Connection Rejects • 75% Reduction in HOPP
• 10% Drop in Access Failure Rates • 50% Reduction in HOW and HOE
• 15% Reduction in Leakage • 1000’s of parameters checked &
• 5% Improvement in Voice Erlangs enforced
 CEM Engine driven Customer Experience Insights SON Action Engine

External Sources Insight generation Customer Experience insights SON Modules

Cell • Subscriber ranking / segmentation • Enhancements to be
CRM customer experience
User • LTE dwell time in non-LTE layers
cognizant
BSS • User QoE, correlation, degradation
Device detection and prediction • CEM Triggers
OTT • Roamer insights • Per service type
UE agents • OTT insights actions
• CEM user initiated

Nokia CEM on Demand

CEM KPI preservation

Nokia EdenNet

Internet

Core Network Radio Access Network

Closed-loop for CE insights and analytics driving SON actions

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Nokia Eden-NET Integration with Big Data Solutions

• Big Data breaks silos between disparate tools and data sources, spanning across IT, Engineering, Operations,
Marketing and Finance teams.
• Big Data technologies make possible the unification of data sources into a single platform and cross-correlates data
from separate sources,
• OSS data such as KPIs, PM and Alarms; Radio, Core and IP Traces; Handset monitoring systems; Engineering databases such
as RF Planning, Work Order, Trouble tickets; and Billing systems.
• The Eden-NET SON Automation will enable operators to realize efficiencies from the unified data sources.

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Machine Learning in SON
Understanding / Learning/ Predicting from BIG Network Data

ML Tools SON Algorithms/ Algorithm-drivers

• Bayesian learning • Uncover causality relations

• Decision trees - E.g. Alarms/ KPI trends
associated with cell-outage
• Regression
techniques • Detect/ Predict network events
• Neural networks - E.g. Network congestion, faults

• Associative rule • Learn optimal solutions

mining - E.g. Mutual cell relationship for
• Clustering reuse code association

More Effective and Predictive SON

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Eden Net in Mobifone

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02
Eden Net as Automation Platform

Data Input Automation Example use cases output:

Process
Accuracy Completeness
Site data 3G/4G Crossed Antenna Detection
3G/4G Coverage Capacity
Optimization
Layering LTE MRO
strategy EdenNet
PCI Conflict Detection
3G/4G ANR
Parameter SC Conflict Detection
baseline

Criteria's To get accurate output, it is

NetAct
very important to have
Updated

PM data (ex. accurate, complete, and

HO
measurements)
updated data inputs !!

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EdenNet module/use case execution

EdenNet as automation platform needs to be

run continuously/regularly to get optimum
results, as there are always changes in the
network

EdenNet
Some modules/use cases should be executed Execution
with the right order based on network
optimization activity workflow to get proper
results (e.g. Crossed Antenna detection 
Neighbour optimization (ANR)  PCI Conflct
Resolution)

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Workflow of running the modules

Crossed Antenna PCI Reuse

ANR CCO MRO
Detection Code

No Workflow for running the modules

Special
Automated
Event
Parameter Parameter
Sleeping Energy
Consistency Optimization
Cell Saving
Enforcement

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 Module mapping to value drivers

Modules Value Drivers Eden-NET Actions

• Increase efficiency
Coverage Capacity OPEX saving in and reduce manual
Optimization (CCO) Operations effort
OPEX saving in
customer care calls
PRACH Optimization • Reduction in
revenu
Better Accessibility
customer care calls
And additional Revenue
e
Mobility Robustness EdenNet • KPIs Improvement
Optimization (MRO)
Solution CAPEX Saving

Automated Neighbor • Load balancing in

Relation (ANR) neighbor cells

Re-use Code Optimization

)
Sub
Acquisition cost
(RCO) (CHURN)
• Instant network
problem detection

30 Caecilia Adji Nokia Internal Use

Nokia Eden-NET SON
LTE ANR
• Works in tandem with distributed ANR
• Very large neighbor lists are often seen which can cause:
• New site deployment issues
• PCI confusion
• LTE ANR neighbor cleanup module analyzes neighbor lists created by
distributed ANR and identifies cells that can be removed
• Low handover counts
• High tier counts
• Poor HO success rate
• Ensure cleanup to prevent re-addition by ANR

• LTE IRAT ANR module identifies and adds missing 4G to 3G, 2G

relations
• 2G, 3G cells co-sited with LTE neighbors
• 2G, 3G cells with no co-sited LTE neighbors identified by tier
counting
• Rules configured via Eden-NET Layer Management Strategy

•
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Nokia Eden-NET SON
Reuse code optimization (RCO) module

▪ Consists of BCCH frequency/BSIC optimization

for 2G, Scrambling Code optimization for 3G,
and PCI optimization for 4G.
▪ Flexible policy definition
▪ Reserve reuse codes
▪ Restrict reuse code usage
3G
• Detects Tier 2,3,4 collisions
• Recommends new SC and eliminate poor
neighbors
4G
• PCI collision, PCI confusions
• PCI mod3, mod30 conflicts
• Recommends new PCI and eliminate poor
neighbors

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Nokia Eden-NET SON
PRACH optimization

• Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) is an uplink control

channel in LTE.
• It is used by LTE terminals (UEs) to initiate Random Access (RACH)
procedure. RACH is a basic LTE procedure which helps the UE to
achieve uplink synchronization and start the uplink transmission

Improper PRACH allocation leads to:

UL interference among RACH attempts from

neighboring cells

Decrease RACH detection probability, reduced coverage

Eden-NET SON

✓Detect PRACH conflicts & inconsistencies

✓Conflict free new PRACH allocation
✓PRACH re-allocation for conflicting cells

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Nokia Eden-NET SON
Coverage & capacity optimization (CCO) module

▪ Module identifies which cells are undershooters and overshooters, based on Neighbor directed HO attempts
and successes, Detected Set Reporting, Cell level aggregate HO attempts and successes, antenna parameters
▪ Calculates a Tilt score for each cell. The tilt score reflects if a cell is overshooting or undershooting.
▪ Selects the worst overshooters and undershooters for corrective actions.
3G
Antenna tilt & p-CPICH adjustments
4G
Antenna tilts
▪ Configurable CCO policies (e.g., max tilt
adjustment and power adjustment per
iteration).
▪ An excel report is generated for the user with
all the changes performed including errors
that might have happened during the RET
configuration changes.

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Nokia Eden-NET SON
Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO)

Optimizes network performance in cases where

• UE experiences RLF when serving cell does not perform handover soon enough = too late handover
• UE experiences RLF when serving cell performs handover too soon (and to sub-optimal cell) = too early handover
• UE hands back and forth between two cells = ping pong handovers

By adjusting
• Cell Individual Offset (CIO) to address where handovers occur (sooner vs. later)
- Decrease CIO to make neighbor appear less attractive / increase CIO to make neighbor appear more attractive
• Time to Trigger (TTT) to address how quickly handovers occur (faster vs. slower)

Improves performance for each cell to cell relationship using mix of centralized and distributed SON
• Centralized SON functionality in order to analyze data over a longer period of time, adjusts as needed
• Distributed SON functionality implements changes locally at eNB on a per cell-to-cell relationship

RLF
RLF RLF X
X X

Too Late HO Too Early HO Too Late HO Ping Pong HO

(sub-optimal cell)
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DSON usage – ANR Creation

• LTE782 ANR - Intra-LTE, Intra-frequency - Fully UE based

• LTE556 ANR Intra-LTE, Inter-frequency - UE based
• LTE1708 Extend maximum number of X2 Links
• LTE1382 Cell resource groups
• LTE1383 ANR Robustness

Parameter values used:

Parameter Value
actUeBasedAnrIntraFreqLte TRUE
anrThresRSRPNbCell -44 dBm
anrThresRSRQNbCell -19.5 dB
nrLimitIntraFreq 128
maxNumX2LinksIn 256
maxNumX2LinksOut 256
maxNumOfLnadjLimit 128
nrLimitIntraFreq 128

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DSON usage – ANR Removal

• LTE1685 Neighbor Relation Robustness

• LTE2828 LNCEL LNBTS refactoring
Parameter values used:
Parameter default value Propose Value
actAutoLteNeighRemoval TRUE TRUE
idleTimeThresLteNR 72 h 24 h
idleTimeThresNbeNB 48 h 12 h
idleTimeThresX2 80 h 30 h

Result of Parameter changes:

Before (21-Nov) DSON ANR Removal (7-Dec)
Range Distance Count of lnRelId Range Distance Count of lnRelId
<=1 Km 46,457 <=1 Km 43,980
>1 to <=2 44,261 >1 to <=2 40,555
>2 to <=10 92,467 >2 to <=10 83,177
>10 9,295 >10 8,417
Foreign Cell 7,481 Foreign Cell 5,853
Grand Total 199,961 Grand Total 181,982

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Cell Plan

• Topology can be updated by upload Cell Plan to Eden.Net server in folder

"/home/vson/tmp/cellPlan“ using ftp client
• Updating will take ~15 minutes to update EdenNet DB, and 30-60 minute to update
EdenNet Topology

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Cluster Creation

• Cluster can be define by selecting cells from topology or import from csv file

1
2

3
4
5

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CSON usage – Eden Net 4G ANR (Sub Module:LTE ANR Clean Up)

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LTE ANR Clean Up - Setting
Parameter Value
UI SETTINGS Comparison number of LNREL:
X2 Blacklisting False
Min Distance ignore Before DSON ANR LTE CleanUp
Max HO Activity 20
Min Tier Count 6 (21-Nov) Removal (7-Dec) Removal (29-Dec)
Max HO Success Rate 75
Range Count of Range Count of Range Count of
SON Operation Mode Closed Loop
Neighbor Relation File Distance lnRelId Distance lnRelId Distance lnRelId
Monitor Period 3 <=1 Km 46,457 <=1 Km 43,980 <=1 Km 44,646
CONFIGURATION SETTINGS >1 to <=2 44,261 >1 to <=2 40,555 >1 to <=2 41,199
check x2setuptwowayrelations TRUE
>2 to <=10 92,467 >2 to <=10 83,177 >2 to <=10 75,200
closed_loop TRUE
enable_blacklisting FALSE >10 9,295 >10 8,417 >10 5,739
exclusion_list set([])
max deletions per cell 20 Foreign Cell 7,481 Foreign Cell 5,853 Foreign Cell 11,465
max deletions per execution 5000 Grand Total 199,961 Grand Total 181,982 Grand Total 178,249
max_ho_activity 20
max_ho_success_rate 75
max_tier 1000
min_distance ignore • Number of relation above >2 to <=10 and >10
min_tier_count 6 reduce
minimum_aggregate_samples 0
module_exclusion_list set([]) • Number of relation to Foreign cell increase on
monitor_period 3
neighbor_rel_file
29-Dec, because new Ericsson eNBs on air
son_exclusion_list set([])
valid_data_percentage 0

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LTE ANR Clean Up – HOSR X2 at Binh Duong

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LTE ANR Clean Up – Verification on Map

• Sample of distant neighbor

detected by LTE ANR Clean
Up as propose for removal

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CSON usage – Eden Net 4G RCO (Sub Module: PCI Reuse)

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PCI Reuse - Setting
Parameter Value
Date 24 Nov 2017
Time 16:35
Start hour of maintenance window 0
End hour of maintenance window 6
Email Addresses (Optional)
PCI Group Change Yes
Max Collision Distance 10
Max Collision Tier 5
Allow inter-frequency confusion detection/resolution No
Min Tier for Neighbor Remove 10
Min Distance for Neighbor Remove 20
HO Success Rate for Neighbor Remove 50
Min. PCI Reuse Distance 5
Min. PCI Reuse Tier 5
Max Expected Changes 1000
Allow neighbor removal Yes
Planning PCIs
Retune Planning PCI No
Allow Mod3 Optimization Yes
Allow Mod30 Optimization No
Enforce PCI Group Assignment Per Site Yes
PCI reuse across different frequencies Yes
SON Operation Mode Open Loop
Maximum Expected Neighbor Removals per cell 4
Maximum Expected Neighbor Removals per execution 200
Maximum neighbor cache size 7000
Allow PCI frequency synchronization within the same band only Yes
GroupZero PCIs 0,1,2
Reserved PCIs 498,499,500,501,502,503

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CSON usage – Eden Net 4G ANR (Sub Module: LTE ANR Blacklisting)

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LTE ANR Blacklisting
Parameter Value
Date 07 Dec 2017
Time 09:50
Increased blacklist trigger count 3
Maximum number of repeated neighbor removal 2
Blacklist or unblacklist intra-LTE neighbor relations Yes
Blacklist or unblacklist LTE to GSM neighbor relations Yes
Respect neighbor relation control parameter No
Reliability threshold 50
Maximum blacklisting threshold 50
Minimum tier count 10
Neighbor removal monitoring period 10
Minimum distance 0.1
Autonomous removal of blacklisted neighbor relations Forbidden
DCR threshold 10
Use case selection Blacklisting of neighbors
PRACH based blacklisting No
Blacklist or unblacklist LTE to WCDMA neighbor relations Yes
Maximum HO success rate 50
Increased blacklist duration 1
SON Operation Mode Open Loop
LTE to WCDMA neighbor blacklisting type CSFB&PSHO
HO criteria Minimum HO attempts
Blacklisting, unblacklisting, neighbor deletion file
Percentage of cell range increase 10.0
HO success rate criteria Maximum HO success rate
HO attempts 100
Blacklist duration 1
X2 Blacklisting False
KPI monitor period 1

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Eden Net in
other operators

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03
Conclusions:

1
SON Eden-NET has been deployed in many NPO projects in
APJ  provides significant detections and corrections even
during the hectic rollout activities in a very dynamic network

2
Eden-NET brings significant speed and efficiency in terms of
detection, correction and reporting

3
Recommend to commercialize this Eden-NET SON to
maintain and constantly improve network quality,
operational efficiency and subscriber experience 
Differentiate through Automation
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 Thank You

80 Caecilia Adji Confidential