FURNITURE TECHNOLOGY – MACHINE OPERATIONS

MACHINES USES OF A CIRCULAR SAW

CIRCULAR SAW  ripping  rebating

 cross-cutting  dadoing
PARTS OF A CIRCULAR SAW  mitring

RIPPING ON THE CIRCULAR SAW

Checking table Checking blade Aligning mitre guage
alignment angle with saw table
Position the mitre gauge Remove the table With the miter gauge
at the front of the saw insert, then butt a out of slot, use a
blade. Hold or clamp a combination square combination square to
perfectly squared wood against the saw blade confifirm that the head
block against the miter between two teeth.The is sqare with egde of
gauge and butt the end blade of the square the gauge bar.
of the block against a should fit flush against
saw blade tooth. the saw blade.
Slide the mitre gauge
and the block together
 Measure the distance to the edge of a tooth nearest to the fence
toward the back of the
table while rotating the  Clamp the rip fence to the table at the desired distance from the blade
blade by hand.  Adjust the blade for a 90-degree cut. The blade should protrude ¼ inch
(6mm) above the stock.
 Stand to one side of the path of the stock being ripped. If the stock binds
between the blade and the fence, it may be thrown back toward the
SAFETY RULES
operator.
 Wear eye protection around machine tools.  Turn the saw on and feed the stock against the fence and into the blade.
 Keep all guards and protective devices in place. CAUTION: To rip narrow stock, a push stick should be used to feed the stock.
 Do not operate defective machines. Aligning mitre guage Removing the old Installing the new
 Disconnect the electrical power before changing blades or cutters or with saw blade blade blade
performing maintenance. Butt a framing square Wedge a piece of Slide the blade on the CROSS-CUTTING ON THE CIRCULAR SAW
against the mitre gauge scrap wood under a arbor with its teeth
 Do not position hands where they will be in the path of cutters and blades.
and the saw blade blade tooth to prevent pointing in the direction
 Do not wear loose clothing or jewellery. between two teeth. the blade from turning of blade rotation
 Stand clear of the path of the stock when ripping lumber. Use the wrench Insert the washer and
 Adjust saw blades only as deep as necessary. supplied with the saw start tightening by hand
 Use machine tools only after you have had instruction on their use. to loosen the arbor nut with a rag and use a
Finish loosen the nut wrench supplied with
by hand and carefully the saw
lift blade off the arbor Do not use a piece of
wood as a wedge as
this could result in over-
tightening
 Measure and mark off the length of the stock with a square.
 Adjust the height of the saw blade 1.5 to 3 mm above the thickness
PARTS OF A BAND SAW
of the stock.
 Push the fence out of the way and position the stock on the table
holding it firmly against the mitre gauge
 Mark a line across the stock where it is to be sawed.
 Turn the saw on.
 Hold the stock firmly against the mitre gauge and line up the mark
with the blade.
 Push the mitre gauge and stock across the table.
 Remove the stock from the table before returning the mitre gauge to
the starting position.
BAND SAW OPERATION THAT CAN BE PERFORMED ON A BAND SAW:
 The diameter of the wheels or pulleys
 Adjust the upper blade to just clear the stock
 Check to see that the blade guides are properly adjusted.
 Check to see if the table is properly adjusted.
 Turn the saw on
 Place the work piece on the table and feed the stock into the blade
with one hand each side of the table.
 CAUTION: Never position your hands so that they will hit the blade if
you slip.
 Plan the cut to require as little backing up as possible. It often helps
to make a series of relief cuts to allow the blade to turn sharply.

WOOD LATHE

PARTS OF A WOOD LATHE

 Ripping  Freehand cutting

 Crosscutting  Bevel cut
 Irregular cuts  Chamfer
 Cutting circles
SAFETY RULES TURNING CHISEL OR LATHE TOOLS Beads &Vee Cut use the parting chisel to mark out lines for beads and
vees , then use skew to cut beads into shape
 Do not wear loose fitting clothing or jewellery which could get caught A round nose hollow chisel. Used for rounding or
in the revolving stock. roughing the stock.
 The tail stock should be checked to ensure that the stock is tight. Gouge JOINTER
 Position the tool rest so that it suits the cutting action of the wood A double ground flat chisel with the end ground at
turning tool. an angle. Used for smoothing stocks and cutting PARTS OF A JOINTER
 Ensure that the motor speed is the correct one for the size of stock Skew shoulders.
being turned. Flat ground to a point. It is used to make
 Goggles or face shields must be used to protect the operator from concaves shapes
flying chips. Spear
 Avoid resting unused tools on the lathe as they might cause injury or Flat with point rounded. It is used to cut out coves
become damaged when they fall. and hollows. It is one of the most used tools in
face plate turning
The wood lathe is one of the oldest types of woodworking machines. It is
Round nose
capable of producing finished jobs.
Double ground chisel, used for cutting-off or
There are two types of turning done on the wood lathe: making parts to required diameters
Parting
 Spindle turning (when the stock is mounted between the head and
tail stock)
 Faceplate Turning (stock is mounted onto the head stock only) ITEMS WHICH MAY BE PRODUCED ON THE LATHE

SIZE, TYPES & SPEED  Rolling pins  Fruit bowls

 Table legs  Cups
There are two factors that determined the size of a wood lathe:  Lamp stems  Tool handles

 The swing of its face plate

 The length of the longest stock (wood) that can be held between its STEPS WHEN SPINDLE TURNING
centres
Square up stock Square and mark diagonal lines at both ends of the stock
The speed of a wood lathe ranges from 350-3600 r.p.m(the larger the stock, the used a tenon saw to cut into mark about 8 mm
the lesser the revolution)
Mounting Stock Carefully position the stock between the live and dead
PARTS AND USES centre. Lock the tail stock and tighten the hand wheel
Testing Test grip by spinning with the hand and make necessary
Head This consists of the driving mechanism which includes the live adjustment to prevent binding at the dead centre.
stock centre and the spindle or spur.
Oiling place 2-3 drops of oil on the tail stock
Tail This consist of the dead centre and the locking adjustments
Roughing use the gouge to rough up the stock USES OF A JOINTER
stock
Bed This supports the body or frame. It holes both the head and tail Smoothing use the skew to smooth the stock
 edge planing  bevelling
stock assembles as well as the tool rest. Making Coves use the round nose chisel to make coves as well as
 rebating  tapering
Tool rest This is an adjustable bar used to rest turning tools on. concave shapes on the stock
 chamfering  face planing
Making Parts use the parting chisel to make parts on the stock
Mortise Blocks use the parting chisel when making mortise blocks