Educ 6 Module 1

Educ 6 – Guidance and Counseling February 15-26, 2021 1
Module 1 - Meaning, Brief History, and Leading Concerns of Guidance

Instructor: Prof. Jane R. Gumiran, MAEd, LPT
Photo credit: https://www.alamy.com/guidance-meaning-advice-and-to-help-support-and-guide-image269978277.html
The texts in this module were taken from the books authored by Elenita Decal-Mendoza entitled, Guidance and Counseling Today
and Dr. Imelda G. Villar in her book entitled Implementing Comprehensive Guidance and Counseling Program in the Philippines.
All credits to both of them.
Hello Professional Education students! Welcome to our class in Educ 6- Guidance and Counseling.
My name is Prof. Jane R. Gumiran and I will be your instructor for this subject. Given the current
circumstances, our classroom set up will look different. We will learn together in this course using the
offline (modular) modality. I will be sending your modules through your email addresses that you
indicated in your advisement slips when you enrolled. All outputs must be sent to me via email at the
date indicated in your modules. I encourage you to please submit your outputs promptly. As I always say
to my students that I do not have the monopoly of knowledge. I learn a lot from you through your open,
honest and sincere answers to all the activities required of you to accomplish in the modules.
The instructions I gave in the Module 1 of your subject Educ 5, is the same instructions I will apply
for this class. Please read again the instructions so you will be guided on how you will submit your outputs.
For any concerns or questions regarding our modules, please feel free to contact me via email or
messenger account: enaj gumiran every Thursday and Friday 3:00-4:00 in the afternoon.
Welcome to our class in Educ 6 Guidance and Counseling. I hope that you will not only finish this
subject as a requirement for taking the board examination, but you will work seriously in accomplishing
all the activities and exercises in every module. Remember, this subject is very essential especially in this
time of pandemic.
Happy learning!
Jane R. Gumiran, MAEd, LPT
INTRODUCTION
In this time of global pandemic, it is not surprising that people experience collective stress. Stress
can be helpful if it motivates us to take safety measures, and it can be tolerable if we use our healthy
coping strategies. However, too much stress can overwhelm our nervous system and weaken our immune
system leaving us at increased risk for anxiety, depression, decreased cognitive performance and
infections. (http://www.rockresults.org/uploads/1/3/0/8/130859271/guidance_for_teachers_and_counselors_during_covid-19_and_other_crises.pdf) . In
addition to this, there are abuses and neglect brought about by economic hardships.
The teachers serve as lifeline for many students. Your role as a teacher-counselor is even more
critical in times of crisis. You are a hero to your students as you help them lessen the traumatic impact of
life circumstances and stress. This is one reason why you need to take this course --- Guidance and
Counseling. You are not just a mere teacher inside the classroom. You are a teacher-counselor. You have
a vital role for your students’ well-being and as well as long-term academic success.
This course, Educ 6 – Guidance and Counseling, a three-unit course, exposes the significance of
Guidance & Counseling in education. A review of its history, and its various highlight concepts, principles,
theories and techniques related to guidance and counseling young children and students will be presented
in this course. This course hopes to provide student-teachers a training venue to acquire handy helping
skills and to appreciate their roles better as a tool for self-improvement and professional responsibility.
This subject will enable us to gain an understanding of what Guidance and Counseling is all about.
It also includes the programs, services, what they involved and how they are administered. The focus is
intended for school settings however, the discussion could also be translated for use in other settings.
NCC’S Fair Use Disclaimer
In the preparation of distance-learning modules and online-accessible lessons for our

students during the CoViD-19 pandemic, the faculty members of Northern Christian College
(NCC) included some copyrighted material, the use of which were not always specifically
authorized by their copyright owners. NCC used such material in good faith, believing that they
were made accessible online to help advance understanding of topics and issues necessary for
the education of readers worldwide. NCC believes that, because such material is being used
strictly for research, educational, and non-commercial purposes, this constitutes fair use of any
such material as provided for in Section 185 of the Copyright Law of the Philippines and Section
107 of the US Copyright Law. No work in its entirety (or substantial portions thereof) was copied;
only isolated articles and brief portions were copied/provided links to in the modules and online
lessons. Also, all our students are informed of proper attribution and citation procedures when
using words and ideas that are not their own.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Table of Contents
NCC’S Fair Use Disclaimer 4
Learning Outcomes 5
Introduction 5
Warm Up Activity 6
Generalization 6
Application 11
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
In this module, challenge yourself to:
1. define guidance in your own words.

2. write down your recollections of the guidance program in high school.
INTRODUCTION
Luke 1:79 says, “To shine on those living in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet
into the path of peace” (NIV). Drawing from the Scripture is the best way to demonstrate what guidance
is, how it works on an individual. Guidance is a way to shed light to a troubled person. It is a means to
extend assistance to help the person find peace. Guidance constitutes giving direction, leading to a
decision, and sharing an advice.
A man is a social being. He is born with people and lives with them. He naturally relates with
them. He, in turn, knowingly and unknowingly, influences them. Thus, he is shaped and conditioned by
the group he is in. At home or in school among his circle of friends and practically wherever he goes, man
is confronted occasionally with conflicts. Man likes to find out what he really wants, what he really needs
to understand better.
Let us look at the following cases: Charles, a young adult of twenty, who feels he has a calling to
religious life. To satisfy his silent quest for truth he goes to see a priest for proper direction. Mike who
intends to go to college. Since he is good in figures, he thinks that he is likely fit for engineering. His
homeroom advisor suggests that he should pursue his inclination so he takes up Civil Engineering in
College. Another is Myrna. She comes from a family of doctors. Her mother advises her to take up
medicine but the performing arts seems to be her calling. These are three different cases but all of them
pertain to making a career choice or vocation in life. This seems to be what guidance was, before. Many
believed that the mere function of guidance was limited to giving an information, a guide or a direction
for a career choice or a proper vocation in life. It appears that guidance before was centered on problems
related to vocation or career decision.
But guidance as a form of teaching, intends to create opportunities for development. It does not,
in any way solve the problem nor make choices for the individual. The client must be left on his own; he
must be free to come to a decision of his own.
WARM UP ACTIVITY
Write down your positive recollections of the guidance program when you were in high school.
RUBRIC FOR ESSAY WRITING
CRITERIA 5 points 3 points 2 points Earned points
Quality of Writing Piece was written Piece had little Piece had no style
in an style or voice or voice
extraordinary
style and voice
Gives some new Gives no new
information but information and
Very informative poorly organized very poorly
and well- organized
organized
Grammar, Usage & Virtually no Few spelling and So many spelling,

Mechanics spelling, punctuation punctuation and
punctuation or errors, minor grammatical
grammatical grammatical errors that it
errors errors interferes with
the meaning
Total earned points

Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/essay-rubric-2081367
Email this to me not later than 1PM on Saturday, February 27, 2021
GENERALIZATION
Meaning of Guidance
With the passing of time, guidance has taken a new shift. Its function as an integral part of
education has taken a wider scope. It is no longer concentrated on providing guidance for choice of career
only. Today it has assumed a major role in the interrelation of an individual with his family and with the
people around him. Consequently, we now feel its relevance; we understand it impact in life.
Today, people need not to grope in the dark whenever they are confused. They can seek
assistance from guidance counselors to make intelligent moves as they start to catch new values, acquire
new style, and eventually arrive at a better understanding of themselves to relate better at home, at the
workplace or in their community. Take the case of a young teenager who was once her mother’s apple of
the eye and who later started to change. She no longer wanted to join her mother in their family Sunday
Mass. She preferred her new company and learned new ways in her own style. As a result, a conflict
ensued: the mother felt unwanted. Cold shoulder treatment followed. For how long, no one can tell. It
is here where guidance sets in to resolve a simple, insignificant case. It may be a little issue to some but
to the mother it is a serious one. Both the child and the mother have to be led to an understanding each
other for a better relation at home.
If there was a need for guidance then, the more we need it today in our complex society. Both
the young and the-no-so-young anymore need to help to learn how to live and how to deal with their
present crises. At present, a teacher needs to know not only what to teach in school but also has to
understand his students in order for him to teach effectively. The present trend in education is making
provisions for better understanding of the individual learner and coping with his learning style (Tendero,
1998). So much so that we need to know how guidance can help in actualizing this recent educational
concept.
Guidance and Counseling has been defined in the Rules and Regulations (RR) of Republic Act 9258,
Rule 1, Section 3 (Manila Standard, 2007), as a profession involving an “integrated approach to the
development of a well-functioning individual primarily by helping him/her to utilize his/her potentials to
the fullest and plan his/her present and future in accordance with his/her abilities, interests, and needs.”
The RR declares Guidance and Counseling includes counseling, psychological testing, research, placement,
referral and group processes.
Guidance is an integral part of education catered to offer assistance to individuals so that they
would make intelligent decisions and adjustments in life. Its fundamental aim is to help a person enhance
the best in him – to help a person responsibly adjust to situation as he progresses. Also, guidance is to
see through oneself. By becoming familiar with one’s interests and capabilities, the person is led to learn
more about himself. In addition, guidance is a systematic way to ones’ self-discovery leading to self-
understanding and self-direction. Because of this, varied activities prepared to understand himself, to
improve his skills and interests and eventually become a well-adjusted individual (Miguel, 1999).
Brief History of Guidance
The Guidance Program was developed in the United States and brought to the Philippines as a
formal set of services by Filipinos who had studied in the U.S. in the 1950s. There were also other services
which was offered for the purposes of attending to the needs of observed in school clientele. In 1932 the
formal guidance set up was started. Sinforoso Padilla started a Psychological clinic as a response to the
cases of student discipline, emotional concerns and academic and vocational problems that he
encountered. His clinic operated until 1941.The following are important dates to remember in the history
of Guidance and Counseling in the Philippines:
Counseling tests were introduced as a service to the clientele of non-school settings:
1934 – convicts in New Bilibid Prison
1939 – residents of Welfarewille
1945 – first Guidance Institute was held at the National Teachers College.This gave birth to the
Guidance Association of the Phil.
1951 – Congress proposed the establishment of functional guidance and counseling programs.
(Aware of the need to assist students in selecting their courses, activities, occupations, friends etc.; to
guide them in their work at home and in school.
1952 – Division Superintendent of schools recommended the establishment of Guidance Services

in the public schools.
1953 – the Philippine Association of Guidance Counselors was organized to study the needs,
interests, and potentialities of the youth and to establish the Testing Bureau.
2004 – The most significant development came in the form of RA 9258. The law has made it
imperative for all Guidance Counselors and Psychometricians to secure a license before practicing.
2007 – The Professional Regulatory Board for Guidance and Counseling was constituted. Rhodellla
L. Gabriel – first chairperson; Luzviminda S. Guzman & Lily Rosales – members.
The Philippine Guidance and Counseling Association (PGCA), as the oldest and biggest association
of guidance counselors, spearheaded the professionalization of counselors, pursued the passage of the
Law, worked on the ratification of the implementing rules and regulations. It thus became the interim
accredited professional organization. However, the RR specifies that a new association which is the “one
and only integrated national organization of registered and licensed guidance counselors” replaces this as
the accredited professional organizations.
The Need for Guidance Services
The Guidance program became necessary in the USA after the second World War when those
who were involved in the war suddenly found themselves with nothing to do.They needed to retool
themselves through further studies and they needed new jobs. Proper guidance have to be extended to
them in order to facilitate decision-making and action.
Furthermore, life for the Americans was no longer what it used to be. There was increased
mobility in society; more marriages and families were breaking down; traditional sources of advice and
guidance were disappearing; and more advances in sciences and technology were taking place. People
needed something more organized and systematic to help them deal with change.
At the time Guidance Programs were introduced in the Philippines, these conditions were only
minimally present in the country. But the Philippines has changed by leaps and bounds since the inception
of formal Guidance Programs in the 1950’s. A greater demand for Guidance Services has arisen as a result
of prevailing conditions, which demand more attention as the years go by.
Prevailing conditions in the Philippines that demand more Guidance Services
The Family Situation. Family life has changed. Within the family, the physical, intellectual, emotional and
social and spiritual needs of children are initially met and nurtured. It is within the family that questions
are answered, errors are corrected, problems are heard and dealt with. If in the past, the home was a
place of refuge and a source of strength, this is no longer seems to be the case.
The Disappearing family. Married couples separate because husband and wife cannot get along. Many
children are left to their own devices because parents are trying to earn a living abroad or out-of-town.
Or children, while living with parents, can hardly see them because they are too busy earning a living or
trying to pursue their own happiness. Many children have no parents to turn to for emotional support and
guidance. They are not properly guided because they believe that parents are too preoccupied to listen
or to respond to them or are too obstinate to understand. Some have impression that all their parents
care is that they pass their courses. Children of absent parents have to assume the role of parent to their
younger siblings. No one is around to give them feedback for the right or wrong they do.
The Unready Family. As a result of disappearing family, many young adolescent get into early marriages
or parenthood that they are unprepared for. These marriages eventually break up and the unprepared
couples become the parents in disappearing families. If partners continue to live together, they have a lot
of fights, sometimes violent ones. Children not only lose role models and peace of mind, they become
target of violence themselves. Children are left in the care of other people who do not necessarily love
them the way they need to be loved or who cannot respond to their need for security, belonging and
identity.
Pathological Family. Because of the absence of nurturance and supervision as well as the emotional,
physical and verbal abuse that they may have experienced, many children from the disappearing and
unready families grow up with unresolved issues or become pathological. They carry the issues and
pathology with them and often use the marital arena to wage their battles.They become batterers or
substance abusers.They engage in incestuous relationships.They hurt their families and raise children with
a lot of difficulties.
Many children belonging to disappearing, unready, or pathological families manifest symptoms

that could be a cry for help. They display disruptive or inappropriate behavior as children. They may
become quarrelsome or attention-seeking. They lose concentration or focus and, as a result,
underachieve. They become stubborn. They may experience psychosomatic ailments. Some turn to false
cures like drugs and alcohol and manifest maladaptive behaviors. If they assume the responsibility for the
family, they may become angry or depressed because they feel robbed of their youth. Those exposed to
violence grow in fear of violence or become violent themselves. Many of these children grow up into
adults whose marriages do not work out. And the cycle is repeated.
Complexity of living. With our modern gadgets and with the keen competition in our labor force, a
knowledge on potentials, interests and abilities of the applicants becomes a requisite for the job
placement.
Attainment of effective self-direction. As man develops, he faces challenges and has to make decisions
for himself as he starts to understand the changes around him.
Expansion of capabilities. As a man passes through different stages of growth, he takes risk to expand his
power, gains new insights, new experiences, and new interests.
Necessity for discovering and developing leadership skills. As a man relates with people in a group, he
has to be led to discover and develop leadership skills.
Emergence of Multiple Intelligences. Howard Gardner introduced the Multiple Intelligences Theory. Now
it is recognized that aside from linguistic and mathematical intelligences, there are other types of
intelligences. Knowing these requires the need to discover and harness them to the fullest.
Introduction of Individual Learning Styles. With technological explosion, learners start to exhibit different
styles of learning. This poses challenge for educators to modify their teaching strategies to attain effective
teaching-learning outcomes.
Concern for solution to problems of adjustment in every phase of a human endeavor. As a man starts
to do his share in the community of people, it is inevitable for him to make adjustments with members of
his family, individuals in a group, or people in a bigger world around him.
Steps to appraisal. Man is not left simply doing things in any way he wants. He should know how he rates
in his moves, how he measures in his decisions. There is a need for evaluation.
Essential Elements of Guidance
Guidance is seen as a way to shed light to person in problem and a means to extend assistance
for the person to find peace. Several elements of guidance are:
1. Process. Pertains to the series of activities to assist the individual in developing a healthy outlook in an
atmosphere of security and direction.
2. Developmental aspect. Pertains to the aims for the development of the whole person.
3. Wider scope. Points to the fact that guidance is for everyone, not only for the disturbed and those
learners with problems.
4. Guidance is focused on the individual person although the process employed may be in a group setting.
5. Right to free choice is where the individual learner’s ability to decide for himself must be given the
primary target of assistance.
6. Wise decision-making is done with a view and the possibilities for the development of the learner’s
potentials in the future.
7. Realistic appraisal of opportunities around him has to be given due consideration and emphasis.
8. Recognition of individual differences should be practiced.
9. Assistance given can be in forms of means or methods emphasizing on goals to help an individual to his
fullest development.
APPLICATION
1. Give a real-life situation describing each of the following family situations:
A. Disappearing family
B. Unready family
C. Pathological family
2. As a teacher-counselor, how will you help your students who belong to these kinds of family situations?
RUBRIC FOR ESSAY WRITING
CRITERIA 5 points 3 points 2 points Earned points
Quality of Writing Piece was written Piece had little Piece had no style
in an style or voice or voice
extraordinary
style and voice
Gives some new Gives no new
information but information and
Very informative poorly organized very poorly
and well- organized
organized
Grammar, Usage & Virtually no Few spelling and So many spelling,

Mechanics spelling, punctuation punctuation and
punctuation or errors, minor grammatical
grammatical grammatical errors that it
errors errors interferes with
the meaning
Total earned points

Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/essay-rubric-2081367
Email this to me not later than 1PM on Saturday, February 27, 2021

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Educ 6 – Guidance and Counseling February 15-26, 2021 1

Module 1 - Meaning, Brief History, and Leading Concerns of Guidance

Photo credit: https://www.alamy.com/guidance-meaning-advice-and-to-help-support-and-guide-image269978277.html

Jane R. Gumiran, MAEd, LPT

NCC’S Fair Use Disclaimer

In the preparation of distance-learning modules and online-accessible lessons for our

NCC’S Fair Use Disclaimer 4

1. define guidance in your own words.

RUBRIC FOR ESSAY WRITING

CRITERIA 5 points 3 points 2 points Earned points

Grammar, Usage & Virtually no Few spelling and So many spelling,

Total earned points

Brief History of Guidance

Counseling tests were introduced as a service to the clientele of non-school settings:

1934 – convicts in New Bilibid Prison

1939 – residents of Welfarewille

1952 – Division Superintendent of schools recommended the establishment of Guidance Services

The Need for Guidance Services

Prevailing conditions in the Philippines that demand more Guidance Services

Many children belonging to disappearing, unready, or pathological families manifest symptoms

Essential Elements of Guidance

8. Recognition of individual differences should be practiced.

1. Give a real-life situation describing each of the following family situations:

RUBRIC FOR ESSAY WRITING

CRITERIA 5 points 3 points 2 points Earned points

Grammar, Usage & Virtually no Few spelling and So many spelling,

Total earned points

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