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1st class (04-02-2021)

1. What is Block Diagram?
Answer: A block diagram is a shorthand pictorial representation
of the cause-and-effect relationship of a system.
2. What is summing Junction?
Answer: It is a small circle with appropriate plus and minus sign
associated with the arrows entering the circle.the output is the
algebraic sum of the inputs.There is no limit on the number of
inputs entering a summing point.

3. Full mean of LTI?

Answer:Linear Time Invariant System.
4. How many components of Block Diagram.
Answer: There are 4 components of Block Diagram.
i. Signals.
ii. System/Block.
iii. Summing Junction.
iv. Pick-off/Take-off point.
5. What is pick-off or take-off point?
Answer:the meeting point of multiple points is called pick-off or
take-off point.

6. What is System/Block?
Answer: The method by which the input signal is transmitted to
the output is called the Block or System.
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7. What is signals?
Answer:The line that goes in the direction of the summing
function with the input is called the signal.

8. What is summing junction?

Answer:The place at which multiple points meet at a given
point in a block diagram is called the summing junction.
Example-1
Draw the Block diagram following equation.

2nd class(11-02-2021)
Example-2
Consider the following equation in which x1,x2,…….,xn,are
variables,and a1,a2,…..an , are general coefficients or
mathematical operations.
Xn=a1x1+a2x2+an-1xn-1
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Example-3
Draw the Diagrams of the following equations.

1. Write about Cascade form?

Answer:Series connection is also called cascade connection. In the
following figure, two blocks having transfer functions G1(s) and G2(s) are
connected in series.
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2. Write about parallel form?
Answer:The blocks which are connected in parallel will have
the same input. In the following figure, two blocks having
transfer functions G1(s)G1(s) and G2(s)G2(s) are connected in
parallel. The outputs of these two blocks are connected to the
summing point.
3rd class(15-02-2021)
1. Write about feedback form?
Answer: The third topology is the feedback from.Let us derive
the transfer function that represents the system from its input
to its output. The typical feedback system,shown in figure:

Figure:Feedback(Closed Loop)Control System.

The system is said to have negative feedback if the sing at the
summing junction is negative and positive feedback if the sing
is positive.

2. Characteristic feedback form?

Answer: the ratio is the closed loop transfer function of the
system.

The denominator of closed loop transfer function determines

the characteristic equation of the system.
Which is usually determined as:

3. Canonical from of feedback control system?

Answer:The two blocks in the forward path of the feedback
system of Fig may be combined. Letting. G = GIG,, the
resulting configuration is called the canonical form of a
feedback control system.
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The system is said to have negative feedback if the sing at

the summing junction is negative and positive feedback if
the sing is positive.
4. Some important function of feedback control from?
Answer:
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5. Write about unity feedback system?
Answer:A unity feedback system is one in which the primary
feedback is identically equal equal to the controlled output H=1
for a liner,unity feedback system

Any feedback system with only liner time-invariant elements

can be pat into the from of a unity feedback system by using
Transformation 5.

6. Classification of Reduction techniques?

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4th class(18-02-2021)
1. Write down the general steps for basic approach in the
reduction of complicated block diagram?
Answer:
Step 1: Combine all cascade blocks using Transformation 1.
Step 2: Combine all parallel blocks using Transformation 2.
Step 3: Eliminate all minor feedback loops using transformation
4.
Step 4: Shift summing points to the left and takeoff points to
the major loop,using Transformations 7,10and 12.
Step 5: Repeat steps 1 to 4 until the canonical from has been
achieved for a particular input.
Step 6: Repeat Steps 1 to 5 for each input ,as required.
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2. Write down the process of reduce the block diagram to
canonical from?
Answer:
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Example-5
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Example-6
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Example-7
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Example-8
For the system represented by the following block diagram
determine:
1. Open loop transfer function.
2. Feed forward Transfer function.
3. Control ratio.
4. Feedback ratio.
5. Error ratio.
6. Closed loop transfer function.
7. Characteristic equation.
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Example-9
Assignment
For the system represented by the following block
diagram determine:
1. Open loop transfer function.
2. Feed forward Transfer function.
3. Control ratio.
4. Feedback ratio.
5. Error ratio.
6. Closed loop transfer function.
7. Characteristic equation.
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Class 5th
1. What is SFG?
2. Comparison of BD & SFG?
3. Fundamentals of Signal Flow Graphs?
4. Formula of signal Flow Graphs?
5. Construct the signal Flow Graphs for the following set
of simultaneous equations?
6. Terminologies of SFG?
7. Consider the signal flow graph below and identify the
following ?
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Class 6th
1. Consider the signal flow graph graph below and
identify the following?
2. From block Diagram to signal-flow graph models?
3. Draw the SFG from the given block diagram?
4. Design Example#1.
Class 7th & 8th
1. what is a system?
2. What is a control?
3. What is a controller?
4. What is a control system?
5. What is control Engineering?
6. Why is control important?
7. Description of a control system?
8. Open-loop control feedback control?
9. Advantage of the control system?
10. Disadvantage of the control system?
11. What is open-loop control.
12. What is Disturbances?
13. What is internal disturbances?
14. What is external disturbances?
15. Advantage of open loop control system?
16. Disadvantage of open loop control system?
17. What is closed-loop / feedback control system?
18. Advantage and disadvantage of closed-loop control
system?
19. Comparison of open loop & closed loop control
system?
20. What is transfer function?
21. What is Laplace transform function?
22. What is a Laplace transformation of integrals?
23. What is Damping Ratio?
24. Comments of damping ratio?
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Lecture-9th
1. Definition of poles?
2. Definition of Zeros?
Question 1:
A liner system is described by the differential equation
find the system poles and zeros?

Question 2:
A system has a pair of complex conjugate poles P1;
P2=-1+j2,a single real zero Z1=-1 and again factor K=3.
Find the differential equation representing the system.