NCM 115/ Res 2 PRE-FINAL EXAMINATION

NAME: _____KRISTIAN KARL B. KIW-IS_______________ SCORE: _________________

MULTIPLE CHOICES: Read carefully and understand. Make an answer sheet in the last part of your
examination paper and use CAPITAL letters only. Non following of instructions will render your answer
wrong.

RESEARCH PROCESS

1. Nursing research is best defined as:

A. Exploring the subjective and complex experience of human beings
B. A systematic and logical study of interrelated concepts
C. A systematic investigation to establish facts
D. The study of all aspects, components, activities and phenomena relating to health and interest to
nurses

2. The main purpose of adopting nursing research is

A. Increase the knowledge of nurses
B. Enhance the image of nurses
C. To create an evidence based practice
D. To maximize research knowledge of nurses

3. The following concepts are associated with the conceptual phase of research, except:
A. Conceptual framework
B. Research design
C. Review of related literature
D. Hypothesis

4. In a study that aims to assess the relationship between the dependency level of renal transplant
patients and their rate of recovery, the researcher should do which of the following first?
A. Identify a research problem
B. State the research purpose
C. Identify a theoretical framework
D. Review related literature

5. Imelda wants to study the adjustment of newly hired Filipino nurses in a medical center in
California. Which of the following is most likely to be done first by Imelda?
A. Identify the methodology
B. Determine the purpose of the study after identifying the problem
C. Do an electronic search of researchers done on the topic
D. Determine if it is possible to establish a sampling frame

6. Which of the following research concepts is encountered last in the research process?
A. Sampling
B. Statistical significance
C. Validity and reliability
D. Conceptual framework

7. What is the priority nursing problem and how will Nurse Pet Malou state his research problem in an
area that was just devastated by flooding and landslide?
A. What are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the municipality?
B. What is the timeliness of assistance given to the survivors of the disaster?
C. What are the nursing needs of people adversely affected by the disaster?
D. What is the reactions of the different groups to the disaster?

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE VS DEPENDENT

8. A Quasi- Experimental research the effectiveness preoperative health teaching on the recovery of
post-surgery patients. What is the independent variable?
A. Preoperative Health Teaching
B. Recovery
C. Post-Surgery patients
D. Surgical patients

9. In a study of post-menopausal women, 2 variables were paired--intention to have Pap’s smear and
perceived susceptibility to cancer. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Intention to have Pap’s smear is the extraneous variable
B. Perceived susceptibility is the dependent variable
C. Perceived susceptibility is the independent variable
D. The dependent variable is a ratio type data

10. In the hypothesis--- “Among women who have had a breast cancer diagnosis, those initially used
an avoidance coping strategy will have poorer psychological adjustment 3 years later than women low
on avoidance.” What is the independent variable of the study?
A. Psychological adjustment
B. Women with breast cancer
C. Breast cancer diagnosis
D. Avoidance coping strategy

11. “There is a relationship between preschoolers, nutritional status and their family income.” Which
of the following statements is correct?
A. This is an example of a directional hypothesis
B. Nutritional status is the independent variable; family income is the dependent variable
C. Nutritional status is the dependent variable; family income is the independent variable
D. In this study a conceptual framework is absolutely not necessary

12. In a study on the relationship between the religious activities and blood pressure, which of the
following is correct?
A. Religious activities, dependent variable; blood pressure, independent variable
B. Religious activities, independent variable; blood pressure, dependent variable
C. Both variables are nominal
D. The independent variable can be summarized by using mean and median

13. In a study to examine the relationship between the perceived health status of TB-infected older
people and their gender, which of the following statements is correct?
A. This study illustrates causal relationship between the 2 study variables
B. This is an example of an applied research
C. Gender is the independent variable
D. Perceived health status can be measured by the use of an observation checklist

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

14. This term implies the specification of procedures required to measure a variable
A. Data collection
B. Operational definition
C. Measurement of variables
D. Research design
15. A researcher is interested in answering the research question “What are the dimensions of fatigue
as experienced by patients with CHF?” Which of the following is the most helpful in navigating related
literature?
A. CINAHL
B. Opinions of cardiologists and ICU nurses
C. A Delphi survey of experts on the topic
D. Related studies published in the Philippine Journal of Nursing

16. Supervisor Violeta is concerned with the increasing number of medication errors committed by
the staff nurses in her department, especially the new ones. She is proposing to do a research to
determine the characteristics of nurses who committed the errors. Which of the following research
activities should be done ahead of the others?
A. Identify the limitations of the study
B. Select an appropriate research design
C. Consult CINAHL
D. Target a population

17. This research article was published in an international journal of nursing studies--- “The role of the
nurse in community continence care: A systematic review.” This is an example of a
A. Primary source
B. Secondary source
C. Theoretical literature
D. Empirical literature

18. A primary source for a nursing research study is:

A. The retrieval mechanism that is first used in locating the research study
B. An index that directs the reader to the research study
C. A description of the study written by the researcher who conducted the study
D. A summary of research on the study topic

19. Most research articles that appear in the journal Research in Nursing and Health are examples of
A. Primary sources
B. Secondary sources
C. Both primary and secondary sources
D. Neither primary nor secondary sources

QUALITATIVE VS QUANTITATIVE

20. The following are associated with quantitative research except

A. Positivism
B. Empirical evidence
C. Understanding the human experience
D. Generalizability

21. This is a type of research where the researcher actively introduces an intervention or treatment
A. Applied
B. Outcomes
C. Quantitative
D. Experimental

22. Qualitative research emphasize the holistic and individual aspects of human experience. As such it
can be characterized by which of the following?
A. Objectivity
B. Subjectivity
C. Reduction and control
D. Statistical analysis
23. Deriving a propositional statement from theory involves the logical reasoning process called
A. Deductive
B. Conceptualization
C. Induction
D. Critical analysis

24. Which of the following items distinguishes true experimental research from quasi-experimental
research?
A. Size example
B. The use of a nonprobability sample
C. Random assignments of subjects to groups
D. The introduction of an experimental treatment

25. Which of the following is present in every experimental study? (QUALITATIVE VS QUANTITATIVE)
A. Manipulation of the independent variable
B. A control group
C. Random assignment of subjects to groups
D. Random selection of subjects from the population

26. “Is there a relationship between birth defects among infants and maternal exposure to radiation?”
The most appropriate research design is:
A. Cross-sectional
B. Case study
C. Retrospective
D. Quasi-experimental

27. You are interested in studying the effect of widowhood on widows physical and psychological
functioning. As part of the study you would like to know how many times they got sick within one
year after their spouses died. This is an example of what type of study?
A. Prospective
B. Qualitative
C. Experimental
D. Non-experimental

28. “How accurate is a new measure of loneliness for hospitalized psychiatric patients?” This question
can be answered by doing what type of study?
A. Survey
B. Methodologic research
C. Case study
D. Outcomes research

29. For the hypothesis,“Students participating in more than half of the health promotion intervention
sessions would have higher physical activity and lower dietary intake compared with students not in
the intervention group” --the most appropriate research design is:
A. Experimental
B. Descriptive
C. Correlational
D. Longitudinal

30. To address the hypothesis-- “Women who give birth by caesarian section are more likely to
experience postpartum depression than women who give birth vaginally”, the researcher should do
this study
A. Experimental
B. Correlational
C. Grounded theory
D. Phenomenology
31. A study which addresses relationship between participation in prenatal classes and the health
outcomes of infants is:
A. Experimental
B. Correlational
C. Prospective
D. Descriptive

32. A study’s research purpose is “to examine the effectiveness of guided imagery for immediate
smoking cessation and long term abstinence in adult smokers.” The following are consistent with the
paradigm of the study, except:
A. Quantitative
B. Experimental
C. Narratives
D. Positivism

33. Mara is interested in analyzing images of nurses in advertisements and films in the 20 th century.
She should do which of the following studies?
A. Case study
B. Grounded theory
C. Historical research
D. Narrative analysis

SAMPLING

34. Which of the following is the foremost consideration in choosing a sampling strategy for a national
survey on nutrition?
A. Generalizability
B. Validity
C. Representativeness
D. Reliability

35. This type of sampling uses the techniques whereby the population is subdivided into areas or
sections and then taking a random sample from each section
A. Systematic sampling
B. Stratified sampling
C. Cluster sampling
D. Purposive sampling

36. In this type of sampling, data are collected from anyone available such as those who are present in
the coffee shop or those who are present in the CR at one time or another
A. Systematic sampling
B. Incidental sampling
C. Simple random sampling
D. Cross sectional sampling

37. In this type of sampling, selection of units in the sample is done by some sort of chance
A. Sequential sampling
B. Simple random sampling
C. Stratified sampling
D. Cluster sampling

38. PHN Stephanie would like to study women who have undergone abortion by hilots in a barangay
which was reported to have the highest frequency of abortion. What is the best way to get a sufficient
sample?
A. Simple random sampling
B. Stratified random sampling
C. Purposive sampling
D. Network sampling

39. It was decided by the PNA researchers to select randomly from the Association’s Directory of
Members every 100th person. This illustrates:
A. Probability sampling
B. Non-probability sampling
C. Systematic sampling
D. Quota sampling

40. In this type of sampling there is a successive random sampling of units:

A. Purposive
B. Stratified
C. Cluster
D. Simple random

41. Nurse Gina works in the medical-surgical ward of a government medical center. For her master’s
thesis she will do a stud to identify predictors of successful weaning of older adults from mechanical
ventilation. What would be the most practical sampling strategy?
A. Simple random sampling
B. Purposive sampling
C. Stratified sampling
D. Convenience sampling

42. In which of the following populations will cluster sampling be applied to get a sample for a study?
SAMPLING
A. All babies born in a provincial hospital
B. All employees of a provincial government
C. All nursing students in Metro Manila
D. All pregnant women in a far-flung municipality

43. If you are to do a stuy on women who stopped breast feeding their babies within one month after
birth, the most appropriate sampling strategy is : SAMPLING
A. Simple random sampling
B. Purposive sampling
C. Cluster sampling
D. Network sampling

44. Ms Hernando, the Nursing Adviser of the Department of Health would like to study the profile of
chief nurses of tertiary government hospitals throughout the country. She intends to distribute
questionnaires through the Regional Offices of the Department. Which of the following statements on
sampling is correct?
A. Inclusion and exclusion criteria should be identified
B. All chief nurses of government tertiary hospitals should be studied
C. A sample should be drawn from government hospitals
D. Simple random sampling should be done to get a sample

45. Related to a study on factors associated with condom use among homosexuals, which of the
following would be the most appropriate sampling strategy?
A. Stratified
B. Purposive
C. Simple random sampling
D. Network

46. Nurse Marion will do an in-depth interview of battered women with bruises. What would be the
most appropriate way of getting a sample for the study?
A. Quota
B. Purposive
C. Stratified
D. Systematic

TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS

47. A researcher developed a tool to measure hardiness among caregivers of mentally-ill patients.
This tool should be:
A. Easy to use
B. Correct
C. Reliable and valid
D. Cost-effective

48. This term concerns inferences that the outcomes of interest were caused by the independent
variable, rather than by other factors extraneous to the research
A. Validity
B. Internal validity
C. External validity
D. Reliability

49. In the research question-- “Does the presence of the father in the delivery room affect the
mother’s level of pain?” ---how should the dependent variable be measured?
A. Observation
B. Use of likert scale
C. Projective technique
D. Visual analogue scale

50. You are a graduating nursing student doing a research on the image of nursing students as
perceived by patients in a private medical center. What research tool is the most appropriate?
A. Semantic differential
B. Q sort
C. Projective technique
D. Questionnaire

51. Which of the following data collection methods is most likely to prevent participants from
providing socially acceptable responses to questions, where picture and images are shown by the
researcher to subjects for interpretation
A. Likert scale
B. Questionnaire
C. Projective technique
D. Interview

52. In the study the behavior of patient on music; the dependent variable will be measured by
A. Questionnaire
B. Likert scale
C. Visual analogue scale
D. Observation

53. Which of the research tools is an economical means of eliciting information about how people
might behave in situations that would be difficult to observe in daily life?
A. Likert scale
B. Vignette
C. Questionnaire
D. Q sort

STATISTICS
A researcher is trying to determine if type of educational preparation is associated with level of
professional commitment. The mean scores on the Commitment to the Nursing Profession instrument
are obtained for 30 diploma school graduates, 30 associate degree graduates and 30 baccalaureate
graduates. Their mean score of General Weighted Scores are as follows
Diploma School Graduates: = x = 85.67
Associate degree graduates: = x = 85.12
Baccalaureate graduates: = x = 85.45

54. How many sets of scores are being compared?

A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four

55. What inferential statistic was calculated?

A. Dependent t-test
B. Analysis of variance
C. Independent t-test
D. Chi-square test

56. These are procedures for testing research hypotheses and evaluating the believability of the
findings
A. Research methods
B. Statistical tests
C. Correlation
D. SPSS

57. To collect data on the respondents’ income, they are asked the questions---"how adequate and
what is the level of your income to meet your daily living expenses”? What type of data is this?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio

58. “There is a relationship between the intelligence of nursing students and their general weighted
average (GWA) in major nursing subject.” Which of the following can be used to support or reject this
hypothesis?
A. Chi-square
B. T-test
C. Spearman rho
D. Pearson r

Situation: As a nurse, adequate knowledge of research is integral for the development of nursing
science. The following questions apply.
59. This refers to the integration of research findings where the practical application is related to the
original research. It utilizes the PICO technique in answering the clinical questions.
A. Research utilization
B. Research dissemination
C. Evidence-based practice
D. Cochrane Collaboration

60. You are a nurse and you wanted to study relationship between quality if life of seafarers and the
use of social media while on board, what is the dependent variable?
A. Use of social media
B. Quality of life of seafarers
C. On board
D. Seafarers
61. Based on the questions above, which is the outcome variable?
A. Use of social media
B. Quality of life of seafarers
C. On board
D. Seafarers

62. A nurse is preparing a research proposal wherein she will compute the sample size from a
population of 2, 340 with a margin error of 5%. What is the computer same size using Slovin’s
formula?
A. 1, 134 C. 342
B. 1, 563 D. 565

63. In a research proposal, a nurse mentioned that snowball sampling will be used as a sampling
method. The nurse understand that they will select samples by:
A. Asking early sample members to refer other people who meet eligibility criteria.
B. Dividing the population into subsets from which elements are selected at random.
C. Using the researcher’s knowledge about the population to hand-pick sample members.
D. Establishing a sampling frame where the sample members are chosen at random.

64. A nurse is studying the defense mechanisms of young adults towards the problem they encounter
during their first jobs. Which type of research design is best to use?
A. Quantitative C. Qualitative
B. Retrospective D. Experimental

65. In their research, nurses found out that children living in Manila urban poor areas are vulnerable
of contracting pulmonary tuberculosis due to housing congestion. What king of research design is
utilized?
A. Qualitative
B. Quantitative
C. Survey
D. Mixed methods
ANSWER SHEET:

1) A 23) B 45) B
2) C 24) B 46) B
3) D 25) B 47) C
4) A 26) B 48) A
5) B 27) A 49) A
6) B 28) C 50) A
7) C 29) A 51) B
8) C 30) B 52) C
9) B 31) C 53) C
10) C 32) D 54) C
11) B 33) C 55) B
12) A 34) C 56) B
13) C 35) B 57) D
14) C 36) B 58) C
15) D 37) B 59) A
16) A 38) C 60) B
17) A 39) C 61) D
18) A 40) D 62) C
19) A 41) D 63) C
20) C 42) B 64) B
21) D 43) B 65) C
22) B 44) B
1) A
2) C
3) D
4) A
5) B
6) B
7) C
8) C
9) B
10) C
11) B
12) A
13) C
14) C
15) D
16) A
17) A
18) A
19) A
20) C
21) D
22) B
23) B
24) B
25) B
26) B
27) A
28) C
29) A
30) B
31) C
32) D
33) C
34) C
35) B
36) B
37) B
38) C
39) C
40) D
41) D
42) B
43) B
44) B
45) B
46) B
47) C
48) A
49) A
50) A
51) B
52) C
53) C
54) C
55) B
56) B
57) D
58) C
59) A
60) B
61) D
62) C
63) C
64) B
65) C