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Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 11415–11422 www.materialstoday.com/proceedings

ICMMM - 2017

Design and Development of Hybrid Wind and Solar Energy System

for Power Generation
B.N. Prashanth1*, R. Pramod1, G.B. Veeresh Kumar1
1
Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, India

Abstract
People have harvested energy from the wind for quite a long time. Sails for boats, windmills for crushing grain or pumping water
are a couple of illustrations. There is recharged intrigue now in energy harvesting from the wind, since it offers a contamination
free method for producing power on a huge scale. The framework that fulfils the transformation of wind energy to power is
known as a wind turbine. Presently a-days power is turning out to be rare. So in future, the renewable assets will be utilized to
produce power. Indeed, even these days, 5% to 10% of the power is produced from wind and solar. In the meantime, every single
work of the person is computerized by machines however the power generation is not up to the level. Above being the case, a
hybrid wind and solar energy system was developed for the generation of power. The model is a combination of both horizontal
axis wind turbine and solar panels where the blades of the wind turbine are being made by PVC pipes and the solar panel tiles are
fitted along with the turbine blades. The project describes the modelling of two emerging electricity systems based on renewable
energy: photovoltaic and wind power. The powers produced from both the sources were combined together using a Charge
controller and then connected to an inverter. Finally, this power was fed to the residential load. The prototype exhibits an
assessment of joined solar and wind system for house hold prerequisites, for example, lighting, fan, and so on. Moreover, wind
turbine can be operated at lower wind speeds thus increasing the efficiency of the total system. The developed model of wind
turbine was worked for the review to fulfill the vitality necessities on the houses. This model was tried alongside photovoltaic
boards to check the power yield and the proficiency of the aggregate plan. A comparison between the suggested system and the
proposed system proved that the proposed system had many advantages over the conversional system. The performance of the
wind turbine was improved during the production process. At the point when the turbine is utilized with photovoltaic boards, the
execution was enhanced fundamentally.
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and/or Peer-review under responsibility of International Conference on Materials Manufacturing and Modelling (ICMMM - 2017).

Keywords: Wind turbine; Solar panel; Hybrid.

1. Introduction
Draining oil and gas holds joined with developing worries about a worldwide temperature alteration, have made it
unavoidable to look for option/renewable energy sources. The combination of renewable energies, for example, solar
and wind is turning out to be progressively appealing and is being utilized broadly for substitution of oil-delivered
energy, and in the long run to limit environmental debasement [3]. Solar and wind energy are non-depletable, site-

* Corresponding author. Tel.: 080-25183700; Fax: 080-28440092.

E-mail address: bn_prashanth@blr.amrita.edu, prashanth.pdm@gmail.com

2214-7853 © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Selection and/or Peer-review under responsibility of International Conference on Materials Manufacturing and Modelling (ICMMM - 2017).
11416 B.N. Prashanth, et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 11415–11422

subordinate, non-contaminating, and potential wellsprings of alternative energy options. Numerous nations are
seeking after the choice of wind energy conversion systems; with an end goal to limit their reliance on fossil-based
non-renewable fuels [7]. Additionally, by and by a huge number of Photo-Voltaic (PV) organizations exist around
the world, giving energy to little, remote, network autonomous or remain solitary applications. For both the systems,
varieties in meteorological conditions (sun based light and normal yearly wind conditions) are imperative. The
execution of solar and wind energy system is firmly reliant on climatic conditions at the area. The power generated
by a PV system is exceptionally subject to climate conditions [5]. For instance, amid cloudy periods and during the
evening, a PV system would not produce any power. What's more, it is hard to store the power produced by a PV
system for some time later. To defeat this issue, a PV system can be incorporated with other exchange control
sources as well as capacity systems, for example, electrolyser, hydrogen stockpiling tank, Fuel Cell systems [2].
Consolidated wind and heavenly bodies are turning out to be more prominent for remain solitary power era
applications, because of advances in renewable energy advances and resulting ascend in costs of petroleum items
[5]. The monetary parts of these advances demonstrate adequate guarantee to incorporate them in creating power era
looks into. Innovative work endeavors in solar, wind, and other renewable energy advancements are required to keep
enhancing their execution, setting up systems for foreseeing their yield precisely and dependably, coordinating them
with other traditional producing sources [4].
Half and half power systems consolidate a few power producing segments with normally one noteworthy control
system which empowers the framework to supply power in the required quality. Segments for power era can use
renewable energy sources like wind turbines, photovoltaic, solar, thermal, hydro control, wave power or biomass
control stations, and so on. Moreover, fossil power plant like diesel generators, gas turbines or energy units and so
on can be included. As per numerous renewable energy specialists, a half and half electric system that consolidates
wind and sunlight based (photovoltaic) innovations offers a few points of interest over either single system.
Numerous half breed systems are remaining solitary frameworks, which work off network are not associated with a
power distribution system. For times when neither the wind nor the solar system are producing, most half and half
frameworks give control through batteries. Figure 1, demonstrates the schematic of half breed control framework.

Fig. 1. Schematic of Hybrid Power System.

The wind-sunlight based half and half framework is another choice given the sun and wind assets have inverse
cycles and powers amid day time. By utilizing both in a framework that is intended to supplement each other you get
a persistent and solid power supply. This arrangement of power generation is as of now surely understood in
numerous parts with high energy needs. The system associated with the utility lattice in the event that the climate is
lacking for the solar or wind system; they additionally have batteries to store power on the off chance that the utility
matrix goes down also. The establishment of this system is higher entangled and costly looks at to single wind or
solar equipment, however they are the best in giving consistent, solid power.
In our venture, another technique is displayed for streamlining of a wind-PV coordinated half and half
framework. In view of lack of energy supply likelihood, relative abundance power produced, unutilized power
supply likelihood, life cycle cost, leveled cost of power and life cycle unit cost of energy produced with battery
 B.N. Prashanth, et.al / Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 11415–11422 11417

bank, this strategy addresses a particular area and utilizes an iterative plan [1]. Notwithstanding that, a wind turbine
setup is developed which is basic in outline, manufacture and support and is appropriate for little scale rustic
application. At first, the execution investigations of wind turbine rotors have been completed with customary three
bladed straight and bended rotors. Execution qualities of the developed rotor sharp edges have been assessed and the
outcomes got are looked at and examined. The execution normal for the windmill rotor was inspected under field
conditions. The test information identified with the speed, torque, and power of the rotor at a substantial number of
wind rates were gathered for each of the few estimations of the rotor cover proportion. A model of the wind turbine
for nearby generation of power was delivered.

2. Concept Generation

Fig. 2. Block Diagram of the Proposed Hybrid System.

Fig. 3. Basic Design Idea Flow Chart

The basic idea in the proposed system is to combine the power generation capability of wind mill and solar
panels. The model is a combination of both windmill and solar panels where the blades of the wind turbine are being
made by PVC pipes and the solar panel tiles are fitted along with the turbine blades. Moreover, wind turbine can be
operated at lower wind speeds thus increasing the efficiency of the total system. The power produced from both the
sources can be combined together using a Charge controller and then connected to an inverter. Finally, this power
can be fed to the residential load. Figure 2, depicts the block diagram of the proposed hybrid system.
The project describes the modelling of two emerging electricity systems based on renewable energy: photovoltaic
and wind power. Our model presents an evaluation of combined solar and wind system for house hold requirements
such as lighting, fan, etc. Figure 3, depicts the basic design idea flow chart of the proposed hybrid system. Figure 3,
shows the basic design idea flow chart of the hybrid system.
11418 B.N. Prashanth, et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 11415–11422

2.1. Wind Turbine

A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into mechanical energy. On the off chance
that the mechanical energy is utilized to deliver power, the device might be known as a wind generator or wind
charger.
A Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) have been utilized as a part of the system which has a principle rotor
shaft and electrical generator at the highest point of a tower, and they should be indicated the heading of wind.
Turbines are pointed by a basic wind vane set square with the rotor (cutting edges), while substantial turbines by and
large utilize a wind sensor combined with a servo motor. Most expansive wind turbines have a gearbox, which
transforms the moderate pivot of the rotor into a quicker turn that is more reasonable to drive an electrical generator.
Figure 4, shows the rotational arrangements of HAWT.

Fig. 4. Rotational Arrangements of HAWT.

Since a tower produces turbulence behind it, the turbine is generally pointed upwind of the tower. Wind turbine
blades are made solid to keep the blades from being pushed into the tower by high winds. Moreover, the blades are
set at impressive separation before the tower and are in some cases tilted up a little sum.

2.2. Solar Panel

A sun powered board (additionally solar panel, photovoltaic module or photovoltaic board) is a bundled,
associated gathering of photovoltaic cells. The sun powered board can be utilized as a part of a bigger photovoltaic
system to produce and supply power in business and private applications. Since a single photovoltaic module can
create just a restricted amount of power, numerous establishments contain a few boards. A photovoltaic system
regularly incorporates a variety of sun powered boards, an inverter, and in some cases a battery and interconnection
wiring. Figure 5, shows the solar panel.

Fig. 5. Solar Panel.

Two 9V, 450mA Solar Panels have been used in the system. The function of the panel is to harvest the Solar light
energy that falls on it and to convert it into electricity. The panel has been provided with arrays of Photovoltaic cells.
The photovoltaic cells are semiconductor devices which covert the light energy into electricity. Once light falls on
these cells while they are in the reverse biased condition, they begin to conduct. This electricity thus generated is
stored in a battery.
Isolate diodes might be expected to stay away from turn around streams or reverse currents, if there should arise
an occurrence of fractional or aggregate shading, and during the evening. The p-n junctions of mono-crystalline
silicon cells may have sufficient reverse current attributes that these are a bit much. Reverse currents squander power
 B.N. Prashanth, et.al / Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 11415–11422 11419

and can likewise prompt to overheating of shaded cells. Sun powered cells turn out to be less effective at higher
temperatures and installers attempt to give great ventilation behind sunlight based boards. Contingent upon
development, photovoltaic boards can deliver power from a scope of frequencies of light, yet more often than not
can't cover the whole sun powered range (particularly, bright, infrared and low or diffused light). Thus a great part of
the occurrence daylight energy is squandered by sun based boards, and they can give far higher efficiencies if lit up
with monochromatic light. In this manner, another plan idea is to part the light into various wavelength extends and
coordinate the pillars onto diverse cells tuned to those reaches. This has been anticipated to be fit for raising
effectiveness by half.
At present the best accomplished daylight change rate (sun oriented board proficiency) is around 21% in business
items. The energy density of a sunlight based board is the effectiveness portrayed as far as pinnacle power output per
unit of surface area, generally communicated in units of watts per square foot (W/ft2). The most proficient mass-
delivered sun oriented boards have energy density estimations of more prominent than 13 W/ft2 (140 W/m2).

2.3. Inverter

An inverter is an electrical device where Direct Current (DC) is converted to Alternating Current (AC); the
changed over AC can be at any required voltage and recurrence with the utilization of fitting transformers and
control circuits.
Solid-state inverters have no moving parts and are utilized as a part of an extensive variety of utilizations, from
little exchanging power supplies in PCs, to vast electric utility high-voltage coordinate current applications that
transport bulk power. Inverters are regularly used to supply AC control from DC sources, for example, sunlight
based boards or batteries. Figure 6, shows a simple inverter circuit with an automatic switch.

Fig. 6. Simple inverter circuit shown with an automatic switch.

2.4. Battery

A 12-volt Lithium iron phosphate battery is being utilized as a part of this system. The most extreme current
rating is 32 Amps. The lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery, additionally called LFP battery, is a kind of
rechargeable battery, particularly a lithium-ion battery, which utilizes LiFePO4 as a cathode material.
The LiFePO4 battery utilizes a lithium-particle inferred science and shares many advantages and disadvantages
with other Lithium-particle battery sciences. Be that as it may, there are huge contrasts. LiFePO4 has higher current
or pinnacle power ratings than LiCoO2. LFP science offers a more drawn out cycle life than other lithium-particle
approaches. Since discharge rate is a rate of battery limit a higher rate can be accomplished by utilizing a bigger
battery (more ampere-hours). In any case, A123Systems claims 100C pulse discharge rate. LiFePO4 cells encounter
a slower rate of limit misfortune than lithium-particle battery sciences, for example, LiCoO2 cobalt or LiMn2O4
manganese spinel lithium-particle polymer batteries or lithium-ion batteries. Following one year on the rack, a
LiFePO4 cell commonly has around an indistinguishable energy density from a LiCoO2 Li-particle cell, as a result of
LFP's slower decrease of energy density. From that point, LiFePO4 likely has a higher density.
11420 B.N. Prashanth, et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 11415–11422

3. Design and Fabrication

The turbine blades are made by a PVC material to reduce the weight of the setup. The turbine is made up of three
such blades. All the plates are fixed equidistant at an angle of 120 degrees with aerodynamic design to avoid
unwanted movements, vibrations and to utilize the force of air efficiently. Figure 7, shows the development of hub
and the turbine blades.

Fig. 7. (a) Hub; (b) Wind turbine blade.

Figure 8, shows the development of base plate and arrangements of turbine blades.

Fig. 8. (a) Base Plate; (b) Turbine Blade Arrangements.

Figure 9, shows the overall setup of the hybrid wind solar energy system for the generation of power.

Fig. 9. Final Construction of Solar and Wind Turbine

 B.N. Prashanth, et.al / Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 11415–11422 11421

4. Results and Discussion

The output voltage of the solar panel was collected by continuously observing the panel under direct sunlight
from 8 o’clock in the morning to 6 o’clock in the evening. The voltage values were collected with the help of a
Multimeter. The voltage values given are the mean value of voltage within a particulate time period.
The output voltage of the wind turbine was collected by placing the turbine at the middle of the highways. The
turbine was observed continuously and the voltage readings were collected for the corresponding wind speeds. The
voltage values were collected with the help of a Multimeter and the wind speed was measured using Anemometer.
The voltage values given are the maximum value of voltage observed within a particulate time period. Table 1
depicts the output of Solar Panel and Wind Turbine.

Table 1. Solar Panel and Wind Turbine Output

Voltage Voltage Total

Sl. Time Period
Generated from Generated from Generated
No. (Hrs.)
Solar Panel Wind Turbine Voltage
1 00-02 0.00 10.4 10.4
2 02-04 0.00 10.8 10.8
3 04-06 0.00 11.8 11.8
4 06-08 0.00 11.3 11.3
5 08-10 12.3 9.3 21.6
6 10-12 16.5 6.1 22.6
7 12-14 19.7 4.7 24.4
8 14-16 17.33 3.6 20.93
9 16-18 14.4 12.7 27.1
10 18-20 0.00 11.3 11.3
11 20-24 0.00 10.9 10.9

The results obtained from the two observations were combined together to obtain the graph given below. Here,
the variation of both the power sources with time can be observed. The availability of solar power is restricted to
day time whereas the wind power is available consistently throughout day and night.
From the experimental results and the graphs, we can reach at the following inferences.
 The availability of both the sources are mutually exclusive are mutually exclusive to each other.
 The maximum availability of solar power is during noon time when the wind power availability is minimal.
 During night time, the wind power availability is maximum, whereas the solar power availability is zero.
 Hence, combinations of both the power sources will ensure continuous availability of power.

5. Conclusion and Scope

The prototype of wind turbine was built for this study to satisfy the energy requirements on the houses. This
prototype was tested along with PV panels to verify the power output and the efficiency of the total arrangement. A
comparison between the suggested system and the proposed system proved that the proposed system had many
advantages over the conversional system. The performance of the wind Turbine was improved during the production
process. When the turbine is used with PV panels, the performance was improved significantly. If LEDs are used in
highway lightings instead of sodium vapour lamps, a significant amount of energy can be saved so it is possible to
use the same system for a greater area. Thus we can conclude that the proposed system has numerous advantages
over the current and existing systems. If implemented in a larger scale, this will be a relief to our nation’s power
crisis and will be really helpful to satisfy the increasing power demand. The proposed system is a base model that
can be elaborated and developed to accomplish specific and diverse objectives and to satisfy a Varity of demands.
The wind turbines can be installed at the roof of the house where the wind will be more or less unidirectional and the
11422 B.N. Prashanth, et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 11415–11422

turbulence will be negligible thus resulting in a greater power outcome. The efficiency of the total system can be
further increased by using more advanced and more effective converters, thus reducing the harmonics as well as the
switching losses. The efficiency of the solar panels also can be increased using different solar tracking systems,
placing the solar panels at a greater height in order to gather more sunlight, using multiple numbers of panels, etc.

Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude towards Management of Amrita School of Engineering, Bangalore, for their
support and encouragement during this research study.

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