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Nuryatul Ismaliyah Fah
Nuryatul Ismaliyah Fah
NURYATUL ISMALIYAH
NIM. 1110026000136
A Thesis
Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty
in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for
The Degree of Strata One
NURYATUL ISMALIYAH
NIM. 1110026000136
The purpose of this research is to analyze the turn taking mechanism in Piers
Morgan Tonight Talk Show between Piers Morgan and Bruno Mars, which every
conversation always occurs the turn and the taking to make conversation flows well.
In this case, the aims of this research are: (1) to convey the turn taking mechanism
used by Piers Morgan and Bruno Mars, (2) to convey the kinds of the turn taking
mechanism mostly used by Piers Morgan and Bruno Mars.
The method of this research use qualitative method. The research questions
will be answered in analytical description. The collected turn taking mechanism is
picked up randomly then classified based on the same kind. The turn taking
mechanism is analyzed by using Jacob L Mey’s theory to see the turn taking
mechanism which mostly occurs in conversation between Piers Morgan Tonight and
Bruno Mars.
The result of this research shows that there are twenty one data collected from
random sampling, those collected data resulted three kinds of turn taking mechanism.
There are three kinds of turn taking mechanism: taking the floor, holding the floor
and yielding the floor and all kinds found in that conversation.
i
ii
iii
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my
another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the
award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher
learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.
Nuryatul Ismaliyah
iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Beneficent
Praise is only for Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala, Lord of the world. First,
I’m deeply grateful to Him who gives me His blessing, guidance, health, ability,
and opportunity to accomplish this thesis. Blessing and salutation be upon the
This thesis could not be completed without a great deal of help from many
parents, Abdul Hamid, A.Ma and Jamilah. Thanks for being the strength and the
best supporter of her success. “Thanks mom and dad, This is my special gift for
you, which is also shape of my tears and sweats to make you proud of me”. I’m
brother Phulo who give motivation in process of finishing this thesis. May Allah
I also want to give my gratitude to Mr. Hilmi Akmal, M.Hum and Mr.
Drs. Saefudin M.Pd, as my advisors for their time, help, patience and motivation
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from the first to the final level of this research. Thanks for all the contribution that
I need until the end of my study. May Allah always bless them and their families.
1. Prof. Dr. Syukron Kamil, MA. as the Dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty
Humanities Faculty.
5. All the lecturers of English Letters Department thanks for teaching precious
6. All the staffs of Library Center of State Islamic University, American Corner
Indonesia University;
you so much;
8. SOBATSABIT (Iin, Angel, Maul, and Rima), Rahma, Kurnia Makki, Muthi,
Asih. Nice to have you all, the wonderful girls. Thanks for support, prayer,
and everything. Hopefully we can stick together even though will rarely meet
later then;
everything.
vi
10. All people who have supported me during the finishing this research, Thanks a
lot;
May Allah bless you all gives His Kindness. I realize that my paper
actually has not been perfect yet, there are many mistakes in its contents.
Finally, I hope this thesis will be guidance for the reader and those who are
interested in it.
The Writer
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………….…….... i
DECLARATION …………………………………………………….….…….. iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………….……...…. v
A. Conclusions ...………………………………………. 49
B. Suggestions ..…………………………………….….. 50
BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………….…………. 51
APPENDICES …………………………………………………………….…... 54
ix
LIST OF TABLE
x
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
communicate and interact. Language is one of the important things in human life.
and interaction each other.1 Not only verbal language, But also sign language and
conversation.
conversation, human can identify, recognize and know the characters each other.
From the definition above, it can be concluded that conversation consists of two
or more people who get and exchange information each other. One is called
speaker and the other is called listener. A Speaker is a person who is speaking or
1
Harimurti Kridalaksana, 2005, “Bahasa dan Linguistik” in Kushartanti, Untung Yuwono
and RMT Lauder (Ed), Pesona Bahasa: Langkah Awal Memahami Linguistik , (Jakarta: Gramedia
Pustaka Utama) p. 3.
2
George Yule, 2006, The Study of Language : Third Edition. (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press). p. 172
3
Ronald Wardaugh, 1986, An Introduction to Sosiolinguistics. (Oxford: Basil Blackwell)
p. 288.
1
2
expressing the ideas and listener is person who listens what the speaker say and
wait for the turn to speak. In conversation, the position of participants (speaker
and listener) is not static. It means that they will alternate each other. Pay attention
A : Okay, then, can you do this letter for me? I need it in a hurry
B : Yes, I can.4
From the example (1), when “A” is the speaker, “B” is waiting for the turn.
When “B” as the speaker, “A” as the listener and wait for the turn to speak. The
conversation is the turn. Turn is a shift in the direction of the speaking flow which
central feature (of conversation) is that exactly one person at least one and no
more than one talks at a time”.6 Actually, the rules that conversation is found to
obey, however, turn out to be more like the rules that people had devised for other
social activities. But in the fact, participants do not always speak in their turn.
Sometimes, one of them is still speaking and the other follow to speak without
4
Ibid., p. 295
5
Jacob L Mey, 2001, Pragmatics: An Introduction. Second Edition. (Oxford : Blackwell
Publishing) p.139
6
Ibid.
3
Conversation has a good organization if turn-taking rules are obeyed. But in daily
conversation, it does not always follow the rules so some analysts use
a communication tool between listener and speaker. It also studies the use of
pragmatics, there are many theories such as speech act, maxims, relevance and
communicate with others who are removed in time and space, or for those
7
Ronald Wardaugh, Op.Cit p. 289
8
Shirley Reay, 1998, “Conversation Analysis” in Alison Wray, Kate Trott and Aileen
Bloomer. Project in Linguistics : A Practical Guide to Researching Language. (Bristol : Arnold
Publisher). p.54
9
Jacob L. Mey, Op.Cit p.6
4
language record.10
conversation between host and guest in talk show and so on. Talk show is a
about a particular topic in a relaxed but serious condition and guided by a host.11
People who invited are the famous, experienced, and who experts in particular
There are many talk shows on television programs. One of talk show is Piers
television personality Piers Morgan. Piers Morgan Tonight replaces the legendary
Larry King Live.12 Such another conversation, turn-taking also occurs in the
conversation on the talk show. But, sometime the rules of conversation are not
obeyed by participants. The mechanism of turn taking does not occur orderly.
(2) Piers Morgan : That’s going to really eat away at Robe lowe. You’re
10
David Nunan. 1993. Introducing Discourse Analysis. (London: Penguin English) p. 8
11
Morissan, M.A. 2008. Manajemen Media Penyiaran: Strategi Mengelola Radio &
Televisi. (Jakarta : Kencana).p.212
12
The Associated press.2010. http://www.today.com/id/39060518/ns/today-
today_entertainment/t/piers-morgan-larry-kings-cnn-replacement/ accessed on 10 April 2014
5
session in Piers Morgan Tonight Talk Show. Piers Morgan makes a joke about
Robe Lowe and Bruno Mars. He said that Bruno Mars will defeat Robe Lowe
because Bruno Mars younger than Robe Lowe. And about the turn taking
mechanism is not orderly because when Morgan has not given a floor yet to take a
turn, Mars direct speak without waiting Morgan finishes his word, so it is caused
in Piers Morgan Tonight Talk Show on January 6, 2012 and Bruno Mars as a
Show. The Analysis of Turn Taking Mechanism consists of yielding the floor,
taking a floor (starting up, interruption, overlapping), holding the floor, TRP and
back channeling.14 This research Explains the reasons and the kinds of Turn
Taking Mechanism are mostly used in conversation and tells the reasons of the
and avoid the large explanation, this research is limited on analyzing of turn-
13
Michael A. Forrester. 2002 . How to Do Conversation Analysis : a brief guide.
(University of kent) p. 11
14
Jacob L Mey, Op.Cit p.139
6
taking mechanism which consists of taking the floor ( starting up, interruption,
overlapping) holding the floor, yielding the floor, TRP and back channeling. And
C. Research Question
D. Objective of Study
Based on the research question above, so the aims of this research are:.
Taking the Floor, Holding the Floor and Yielding the Floor on Piers
Holding the Floor and Yielding the Floor on Piers Morgan Tonight
1. Theoretical
The researcher expects that this thesis gives some advantages for the
2. Practical
The thesis can be expected that the researcher can get more knowledge
F. Research Methodology
descriptive, meaning that the researcher makes a note on the data from words,
find out how the mechanism of turn taking, the reasons and the kinds of turn
15
D. Edi Subroto. 1992. Pengantar Metoda Penelitian Linguistik Struktural. (Surakarta:
Sebelas Maret University Press).p. 5
8
technique means using written sources to get data. Written sources are
www.YouTube.com
at http://transcripts.cnn.com
c. Read the whole dialogue transcription and watch the video of Piers
e. Compile the dialogues into data card. So the data card contains number
conversation and the dialogue text. On this object was found 42 corpus
16
Ibid. p.42
17
Roekhan and Martutik. 1991. Kebahasaan I (Linguistik Umum). (Malang: YA3 Malang).
p.13
9
Processes of data analysis are: analyze data which are collected before
and classify data based on types of turn taking with using data card. After
collecting data, data is put in data card and choose some of data finding
and analyze one by one the mechanism of turn taking that occured on
f. After the data have been collected, the next step is processing the data.
In this point, the amount of samples will be specified. The data will be
chosen and use random sampling technique to specify the samples. There
are are four techniques in random sampling, such as: simple random
cluster sampling.18 And the most suitable for this research is simple
random sampling technique and using raffle method with some steps:
papers.
18
Hermawan Wasito, 1992, Pengantar Metodologi Penelitian, (Jakarta : Gramedia Pustaka
Utama), p.54-58
10
4) After shake the box, the rolls of paper are taken in accordance with
turn taking is divided into three types: (1) Taking the floor includes
starting up, interruption, and overlapping, (2) Holding the floor and
The instrument of this research is data card. Data card is a card which is
used to put relevant data with data sources at the end of line.20 After
collecting data, data is put in data card and choose some of data findings and
analyze one by one the conversations that occured on Piers Morgan Tonight
4. Unit of Analysis
and video of Piers Morgan Tonight Talk Show episode January 6, 2012 as a
secondary object.
19
Ibid.
20
D. Edi Subroto. Op.Cit. p. 43
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION
A. Previous Research
There are some previous researches which related to this research. The first is
Mustofa (2010) from Sebelas Maret University Surakarta on the title “Analisis
Wacana Percakapan Debat Tv One”. The results of Amir Mustofa‟s research are:
the speech event TV One debate has the characteristics of turn taking, finding 8
research and Amir Mustofa‟s research are on the theory, corpus and objects which
were analyzed.
movie script by Lia Lestari Mulya Diana from Widyatama University Bandung
Pragmatik) (2008). The results of Lia Lestari‟s research are the conversation of
The Kingdom‟s movie script is uncommon has a low complexity level and also
maxim of relation.2 In her research described the kinds of adjancy pairs and find
weather there are any violations over maxim of conversation in it. The difference
1
Amir Mustofa, 2010, “ Analisis Wacana Percakapan Debat TV One”, Unpublished
Thesis. (Surakarta : Sebelas Maret University ).
2
Lia Lestari Mulya Diana, 2008, “ Analisis Percakapan pada Naskah Film The Kingdom”,
Unpublished Thesis (Bandung : Widyatama University).
11
12
between this research and Lia Lestari‟s research is the theory, corpus and focused
of the research.
Tika Larasati Guritno. Her thesis entitled “Analisis Percakapan Tiga Sahabat
the way in which they develop and maintain verbal interactions between each
other by studying their conversational characteristics including the use more than
one language, code switching and sequential organization which appears in the
The fourth is the research about conversation analysis with object in tv talk
et al and Yule. In another case, this research differs from Martha‟s research. This
research focuses on turn taking mechanism and analysis is deeper than Martha‟s
one.
3
Maria Margaretha Tika Larasati Guritno, 2008, “Analisis Percakapan Tiga Sahabat
Wanita Bilingual di Jakarta”, Unpublished Thesis (Depok : Indonesia University).
4
Martha Yoriza Handayani, 2008, “Conversation Analysis of Overlaps in Talk show
Conversation with Michael Eisner”, Unpublished Thesis (Padang : Andalas University).
13
B. Concept.
There are some differences and there are also some similarities among them.
sentences which are perceived as being related in some ways. 5 In another case,
discourses are ways with words, deeds and interactions, thoughts and feeling,
object and tools, time and place that allow us to enact and recognize different
spoken. It not only analyzes form and meaning, but also analyzes form and
activity.
5
David Nunan, 1993, Introducing Discourse Analysis. (London: Pinguin English).p.5
6
James Paul Gee, 2005, An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method,
Second Edition. (London : Rotledge)p.35
7
Jan Renkema, 2004, Introduction to Discourse Studies. ( Philadelphia : John Benjamins
Publishing Company). p.1
14
they both look at discourse or the use of language and text, or pieces of spoken
meaningful and unified for their users.9 And the last, pragmatics and discourse
have in common the fact that they are both concern with function: the
verbally.10 So, pragmatics and discourse have some in common and have
use.11 It means that the analysis of discourse involves the analysis of language
divorced from their communicative functions.12 And Nunan also said that
reference to the purposes and functions for which the discourse was produced,
as well as the context within which the discourse was created. Their ultimate
8
Joan Cutting. 2002. Pragmatics and Discourse. (london: Routledge) p.2
9
Ibid.
10
Ibid.
11
David Nunan. Op.Cit. p.7
12
Ibid.
15
DA study. Discourse marker like expressions well, oh, but and y’know. They
are one set of linguistic item that functions in cognitive, expressive, social,
textual domain.14 And also discourse markers are one type commentary
pragmatic marker: they are a class of expressions, each of which signals how
the speaker intend the basic message that follows to relate to the prior
3. Context
example, as quoted by Mey “The presence of food in the mouth while speaking
may be part of some context, yet it is not a linguistic factor, and may be not
even pragmatic one”.17 The context is more than reference. Context is action, it
is about understanding what things are for; it is also what gives our utterances
13
Ibid.
14
Deborah Schiffrin, 2001, “Discourse Markers: Language, Meaning and Context” in
Deborah Schiffrin, Deborah Tannen and Heidi E.Hamilton (Ed). The Handbook of Discourse
Analysis. (Malden : Blackwell Publisher) p. 59
15
Ibid.
16
Jacob L Mey Op.Cit.p.39
17
Ibid., p.40
16
which is had between speaker and listener so that listener understands what
speaker means.19 So, context is vitally important not only in assigning the
proper values to reference and implicature, but also in dealing with other
pragmatic issues.
actually said or written.20 Mey said that pragmatics studies the use of the way
premises and determines how they effect and effectualize, human language
use.21 So, pragmatics is a study which relate to meaning such as semantics but
with words like steep or overgrown, it has no problem deciding which type of
bank is meant. People know from this linguistic context which type of bank is
18
Ibid.
19
Harimukti Kridalaksana, 2008, Kamus Linguistik Edisi ke-Empat, (Jakarta: Gramedia
Pustaka Utama), p.134
20
Geoge Yule, 2006, The study of Language. (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press).p.
112
21
Jacob L Mey, Op.Cit. p.6
22
George Yule, Loc.Cit.
17
Analysis.23
organize and manage their conversation behavior such as who gets to speak
next, when and how they get to speak. And a set of basic features which
settings are explored: who holds the right to speak (called „Turn‟), what kind of
rules are there for taking, yielding or holding the floor, what makes a particular
23
Jacob L Mey. Op.Cit. p.135
24
Ibid
25
Shirley Reay. 1998. “Conversation Analysis” in Alion Wray, Kate Trott, Aileen
Bloomer. Projects in Linguistics : Practical Guide to Researching Language .(Great Britain : J W
Arrowsmith Ltd) p.54
18
relinquishing the floor, another taking it) and so on.26 Another definition of CA
is stated by Cutting that CA is a studying the way what speakers say, dictates
the type of answer expected and that speakers take turns when they interact.27
Only one of them speaks in one time. So that, to make conversation flows
well, the participants of conversation have to know when they speak and
when they listen. In this case, linguist always called by Turn. Turn is a shift in
conversation is that exactly one person (at least one and no more than one)
conversation or floor and attempt to get the turn is called turn-taking. Turns
are called Transition Relevant Place‟ (TRPs). TRPs can be exploited by the
26
Jacob L Mey. Op.Cit p. 134
27
Joan Cutting. 2002. Pragmatics and Discourse. (London: Routledge) p. 24
28
Ian Hutchby and Robin Woffitt. 1998. Conversation Analysis: Principles, Practices and
Applications. (Malden: Blackwell) p. 11
29
Ibid. p.139
19
speaker holding the floor. Floor is defined as the right to speak. 30 In the case
the floor. So the people who have a floor, they have a control of conversation.
breath, or runs out of things to say or simply declares his or her contribution
to be finished: all those points in the conversation are places where a natural
transition, a relay of the right to speak to the next speakers may occur. 31 On
the other hand, there are the formal rules of next speaker selection (turn
The turn allocation procedures for conversation are distributed into two
groups: First, the current speaker selects the next speakers. Second, the next
speakers are self-selected.32 So, the initial transition relevant place of a turn,
speaker, that the next speaker should take a turn at that place. For
example :
30
George Yule, 1996, Pragmatics. (Oxford: Oxford University Press) p.127
31
Jacob L Mey. Op.Cit p. 139
32
Robin Woffitt, 2005, Conversation Analysis and Discourse Analysis : A Comparative
and Critical Introduction ( London : SAGE Publication) . p.27
20
2) If no such selection has been made, then any next speaker may (but
need not) self-selection occur, then first speaker has the right to the turn.
For example :
B : Oh [ no]
recipient, and thus two people select themselves as the next speaker at the
speaker may, but need not, continue talking with another turn
case that speaker gains the right to the turn. For example :
(5) Ava : He, He and Joe were like on the outs, you know?
[So uh,]
21
In the example (5), after Ava‟s observation, no next speaker has self-
Then Ava attempts to continue her turn. At the same time that Bee self-
4) Whichever option has operated, then rules 1-3 come into play again
other words, turn taking consists of a set of rules which enacted through
the use of signals. Those signals indicate to take, to hold or yield the turn
at talk.
The turn taking system involves three basic strategies: taking the floor,
33
Ibid. p.28
34
Jacob L.Mey. Op.Cit. p. 134
22
speaker‟s question are called taking the floor which has been done by
the listener. In the other word, taking the floor is when the participants
Bruno, welcome
the floor with clear start. Piers Morgan is a nice host because in the
guest felt proud and happy to be in that event. Piers Morgan gave
the turn to Bruno Mars with greeting such as welcome. And Bruno
conjunction.
TRP. next speaker cannot be sure that the current speaker‟s turn is
that the turn is possibly complete.35 It can be said that take a turn to
speak while the current speaker haven‟t finished his speaking yet.
The next speaker think the current speaker‟s talk is enough. For
example :
mirror.
told about facing the heartthrob, Bruno Mars didn‟t finish the
speaking then Piers Morgan directly took the turn before Bruno
35
Joan Cutting. Op.Cit. p.29
24
Mars takes on TRP. When Bruno Mars said „That I‟m a...‟ it means
that Bruno Mars is still thinking to continue the speaking but Piers
done by Piers Morgan when Bruno Mars was speaking and looking
take on the TRP then the words are missing. But after PM speaks,
informative.
example:
star. Bruno Mars receives the reception with a great answer and
also speaks and then both of them speak in a time togrther and it is
Holding the floor means to carry on talking. The participant who hold
the floor has right to bring conversation as well as he/she wants. Pay
for quite some time. It's time for her to sit back and relax.
Piers Morgan : How did she react when you did that?
Bruno Mars : She said, it's not big enough. Get me out of
it.
(LAUGHTER)
(.)
Bruno Mars : She was in tears. It was a very special moment for
me. So-
Piers Morgan : The thing I like about your story is it hasn't all just
been easy. A lot of entertainers your age, it all goes crazy very
In the example (9), Piers Morgan starts the conversation with asking
question about BM‟s dream for his mother. Bruno Mars wanted to give
his mother the happiness and enjoyed the time, just sit and relax because
he knew that his mother always took care of him until now. Bruno Mars
answered without hesitant and his face looked having a big anthusiasm.
26
mother when Bruno Mars‟ dream comes true. Bruno Mars answered after
TRP‟s and both of them laugh, making a pause (.) for a moment and then
Bruno Mars took the turn again or it is called holding the floor. Keep the
turn before Piers Morgan take the turn to speak. Bruno Mars felt his
Yielding the floor means give a turn to the next speaker. To yield
someone the turn can use a question and a statement. For example :
(10). Piers Morgan : If I could take away the money or the women,
In the example (10), Piers Morgan gave the floor by asking question
with fall intonation in the end of the sentence. He asked about Bruno
choice. Bruno Mars answered that he would choose his woman. Bruno
Mars made a joke with asking „what kind of question is that?‟, he felt that
27
Piers Morgan just wanted to make him shy and confused. And Bruno
Mars knew his turn to speak. Bruno Mars answered clearly without
In this chapter, the compiled data and the selected one will be analyzed.
This research is using qualitative case study and for the data collecting is using
data.
Data have been collected and identified by some steps which is mentioned
From 42 data collected, 21 data have been elected by using simple random
sampling technique and then, 21 will analyze. Data elected are: Data card 40, 5,
28, 17, 22, 20, 37, 33, 41, 9, 18, 36, 8, 11, 31, 25, 2, 39, 13, 38, dan 1. As
28
29
In this chapter, this research uses the data from the conversation between
host and guest in the talk show. First, observing the context which supported the
analysis. Second, identifying the mechanisme of turn taking in the dialogue of talk
show. Third, giving the symbol on sentences or words that contain mechanismof
Trancription Conventions
= When there is nearly no gap at all between one utterance and another
(Participants code)
PM : Piers Morgan
BM : Bruno Mars
a. Starting up
Datum Number 1
Bruno, welcome
In this data, PM is as a first speaker who takes the floor with clear start. PM is a
nice host because in the beginning of conversation with his guest, he made a
praise so the guest felt proud and happy to be in that event. PM gave the turn to
signified with pause or silent (.) for a moment before answering because BM
conversation above is simple one of talk show category. PM just gave a praise and
b. Interruption
Datum Number 8
PM : The thing I like about your story is it hasn't all just been
easy. A lot of entertainers your age, it all goes crazy very young, it
carries on and burns out. In your case, you had this big wakeup call.
You were 18 years old. You come to Hollywood. Motown signs you
BM : //This is it.
PM : I have arrived.
BM : Yes.
In this data, BM doesn‟t wait TRP and then interruption occurs. The conversation
above told about BM‟s life and the carrier. PM admired and felt proud of BM
carrier because it had been easy, a lot of entertainers in his age, it all went crazy
very young. When BM was 18 years old, he had come to hollywood and motown
without waiting TRP‟s of PM so missing text of PM. PM was still looking for the
words to continue with signed by pause at the moment and saying „whoa emm‟. It
means that PM still thinks to continue speak but directly BM speak without
waiting TRP from PM. Interruption causes of participant (BM) feel that
information is enough.
32
Datum Number 9
room and say, hey, I'm Bruno Mars, I'm signed with
Emmm//
In this data, BM told about story of his career. BM had been signed with Motown
records but he have to be patient and strong when Motown Records dropped him
and told to everyone what happened with him. In the end of his sentences, he
doesn‟t need more information. PM took a turn by interruption and yield a turn
again with asking question in the end of the sentences. Taking the floor was done
looking for the word to continue, PM directly speaks without waiting the TRP so
that some words are missing. It is because of PM thinks that information that BM
conveys clearly.
Datum Number 22
33
was the Milton Berle show. I don't if it was Ed Sullivan. But he sang
"Hound Dog." He had girls in the palm of his hand. He said, you
know what, watch this. You could tell that it was like an improve
thing, because the band kind of didn't know what to do. I don't know
In this data, BM told history about his dream when he was kid. He wanted to be
like other super star, people screamed his name like a super star. PM takes a turn
with waiting TRP from BM and when PM is still speaking, BM take a turn by
doing interruption signed by (//) when PM still thinks to continues the sentences
with saying „it‟s mmm..‟. It means PM still wants to continue the speaking but
BM directly takes the turn because BM feels what was spoken by PM are enough.
In this case Interruption (//) occured when one of the participants feel enough
Datum Number 28
BM : And I say, yeah, you are the most beautiful man I've ever
In this data, strategy which is used by PM to take the floor is Interruption which is
signed by “//”. BM told about facing the heartthrob, BM didn‟t finish the speaking
then PM directly took the turn before BM takes on TRP. When BM said „That I‟m
a...‟ it means that BM is still thinking to continue the speaking but PM takes the
speaking and looking for the words to say. Because of interruption, BM can‟t take
on the TRP then the words are missing. But after PM speaks, BM continues the
Datum Number 39
wanting to be a billionaire.
broke. I just helped write a song for Flo Rider. It was the
was the number one song for I don't know how many
35
PM : //How?
In this data, PM yields the floor by giving a statement and BM answers clearly.
But when BM is still speaking, PM directly speaks without waiting TRP so that
BM can‟t continue his words and some informations might be missing. The
conversation above told about writing a song when BM was flat broke. When BM
was still thinking to continue the speaking, PM took a turn by interruption then
missing text of BM. PM took the floor by doing interruption because he thought
still flows well. The important thing that their discussion or their talking
Datum Number 40
wanting to be a billionare.
flat broke. I just helped write a song for Flo Rider. It was
36
It was the number one song for I don't know how many
PM : // How?↑
have to wait for residuals. You have to pray that the song's going to
In this data, PM asked about involving BM‟s life with his song title „Billionare‟.
BM told about the history of the writing of song lyrics. When he wrote a song
„Billionare‟, BM had been in Flat broke and he explained about songwriter job.
Songwriters have to work, have to wait for residuals and have to pray that song
will be a hit and famous and then he will get a check. BM looked sad when tells
the story of that, the words seems stammer. When BM will continue the words,
PM directly took a turn by Interruption (//) and gave a turn by asking question
with rise intonation (↑) in the end of words because PM looked very curious with
the story which is told. PM as a host gave a turn to speak with ask the question. In
question or giving the statement. In this case, PM using question with saying
„How‟ and rising intonation in the end of the word to give a turn to BM as his
guest.
37
c. Overlapping
Datum Number 2
In this data, PM accolades BM as a starting to open the nice topic and also as a
reception to a guest star. BM receives the reception with a great answer and makes
a joking. Before PM takes on TRP, BM also speaks and then both of them speak
Datum Number 17
song you have ever written, the one that even now makes you come
off this song. The next day, we called each other up like, what were
we thinking?
In this data, PM asked with falling intonation (↓) at the end of the sentences about
news from CNN that Bruno Mars has ever had a bad song. BM admits it that he
ever writes a song with his friend under the title Bedroom Bandit. it is a funny
title then PM laughs and took a turn and made a joke but when PM is still
speaking, BM also speaks and then both speaks in a time together and it called by
Datum Number 18
PM : You told a good story, that I read about you, when you
BM : [That’s Right]
This data is a clear start which is done by a host. To begin the conversation, PM
told the story about BM when he was child and watched the Elvis Presley
39
Performance and something was happened about the audience who was going
crazy and Elvis is slowed to face it. BM was giving a response for PM‟s statement
by saying „that‟s right‟ while PM was still speaking. In that conversation has
and BM asserted the answer by saying „that‟s right‟. It called Back Chanelling.
Assertion the answering with using word like right, huuh, yeah etc. In this case,
overlapping doesn‟t disturb this conversation and it was still informative and BM
speaking but BM direct answer with simple word like he‟em, right, yes. It is
called back chanelling. It shows that the participant listen and understand what is
Datum Number 20
PM : You told a good story, that I read about you, when you
were talking about Elvis Presley and a bit of footage you'd seen
women. There was a moment when Elvis spotted the girls were
going crazy. Rather than doing what most guys do, [which is
BM : [That's right.]
In this data, PM as a host told a story about BM that when BM was child and
watched the Elvis Presley Performance and something was happened about the
audience who was going crazy and Elvis is slowed to face it. BM was giving a
response for PM‟s statement by saying „that‟s right‟ while PM was still speaking.
what will be spoken by BM and BM asserted the answer by saying „that‟s right‟.
It called Back Chanelling. Assertion the answering with using word like right,
huuh, yeah etc. In this case, overlapping doesn‟t disturb this conversation and it
Datum Number 25
Mars? ]
In this data, overlapping also occured with the symbol ([ ]). The conversation
above is full of joking so that when PM still speaks, BM also spoke to answer
what PM asked. BM told about facing the heartthrob, PM was still speaking then
BM was also speaking then they were speaking in a time together. Although
overlapping occured, the information of the conversation was still informed and
Datum Number 31
PM : I've seen your parents say that unlike the other kids in the
conversation told about his family life. PM gave a turn by giving a statement that
he looked BM was unlike the other kids. BM wasn‟t shy when it actually came to
perform on stage. BM took a turn and then PM also took a turn then they were
speaking in a time together. But as far sa that, Conversation still flows well
although both speak in a time together but information still realize and understan
each other.
Datum Number 37
that to me.
PM : Take all the money away, all the cars, the house. Think
{LAUGHTER}
42
BM : [I'm good.]
In this data, both of them make a joke about women and money. BM made a
statement that he would choose woman than money. PM took a turn after BM
finished the speaking. But BM took a turn without waiting PM reached his TRP
then overlapping also accured in this conversation. When PM say „This is a big
question‟, BM has predicted so he directly say „I‟m good‟. This words were as a
time together but the information of their conversation was still expressed, so that
above.
Datum Number 5
(LAUGHTER)
(.)
BM : She was in tears. It was a very special moment for me. So-
PM : The thing I like about your story is it hasn't all just been
43
easy. A lot of entertainers your age, it all goes crazy very young, it
In this data, PM starts the conversation with asking question about BM‟s dream
for his mother. BM wants to give his mother the happiness and enjoys the time,
just sit and relax because he knew that his mother always took care of him until
now. BM answered without hesitant and his face looked having a big anthusiasm.
And continuing with asking question about reactions of BM‟s mother when BM‟s
dream comes true. BM answered after TRP‟s and both of them laugh, making a
pause (.) for a moment and then BM took the turn again or it is called holding the
floor. Keep the turn before PM take the turn to speak. BM felt his speaking don‟t
enough so he continues his speaking although in the end of his speaking are taken
Datum Number 11
PM : As brutal as that?↑
Motown's fault. I was too young. I didn't know what it was like.
(.)
I knew I could sing. I knew I can sing, but there's so much more I
from doing live shows and performing with bands and that was my
44
recording artist.
(.)
Now, you got to write songs. Now, you got to establish who you are.
In this data, BM told about his carrier when he got dropped by Motown records.
He told the chronology of dropping him from motown. He said that he was too
young and can‟t remember only a litle bit. He thought that it was motown‟s fault
because he was just younger who hasn‟t known yet about recording. He can sing
but to record there was steps which he knew and learned. When he told a story, he
made a pause (.) at the moment and he always continued his speaking. In this
case, PM as a nice hearer because he waited until BM reached TRP‟s. holding the
Datum Number 13
good enough?↓
45
my goal was, I'm not going to go back home. I'm not going
PM : What did you change about what you were doing? How
Hopefully –
In this data, PM gave the turn by asking question and fall intonation (↓) in the end
of sentence. It shows that give a turn or yielding the floor is clear, it give a
rised or fallen to give a sign that the next speaker is selected. The conversation
above told about BM‟s life, the journey of life to reach a successful life like now.
BM never gave up to make his dream come true and he always kept the strugle for
it. PM as a host gave some question to BM and BM answered without hesitant and
Datum Number 33
me. He's the one that put me on to music. He's the one that
BM : Right.
In this data, the strategy to give a turn by asking question with fall intonation in
the end of the sentences. It is called Yielding the floor. PM select the next speaker
BM answered with compassionate face when he told about his family. He told that
knowledge especially about music from his father. PM gave the second question
after BM reached his TRP. The second question is still about family. PM used a
question to give a turn but he also made a statement so that BM just answered
with short word, it is usually called back chanelling. Back chanelling is the
47
response of participants statement with using the short word but the meaning can
Data Number 36
In this data, PM gave the floor by asking question with fall intonation in the end
of the sentence. He asked about BM‟s life, woman or money would be chosen
when both of it were a choice. BM answered that he would choose his woman.
BM made a joke with asking „what kind of question is that?‟, he felt that PM just
wanted to make him shy and confused. And BM knew his turn to speak. BM
gave a turn by statement with rise intonation in the end. It is not a question, it is
Datum Number 38
to you? ↑
48
BM : (.) emm No. No. I'm not doing emmm of course, like I
In this data, yielding the floor by asking question with rise intonation (↑) at the
end of the sentence. PM gives a turn with a question and BM answerer a hesitant
answer. It signed by pause (.) and saying „emmm‟ in some times. It shows that BM
isn‟t ready to answer. The piece of conversation above told that when BM was
success, Money was everything because he said that with money, he made his
mom happy, bought a house for his mom and family, and gave everything for his
Datum Number 41
In piece of conversation above, PM started with joking about the job, about a song
which famous, hit and go international but the writer doing nothing. PM took a
turn and said a statement, yield the BM by a statement. And BM answered with
contuining sentences without waiting PM gave a turn. In this case, BM did a self
sellection because the previous speaker haven‟t chosen yet the next speaker.
CHAPTER IV
A. Conclusions
taking the floor, holding the floor and yielding the floor. In this research on Piers
Morgan Tonight Talk Show, yielding the floor is mostly used in conversation. In
taking the turn, participants often speak in a time together and it is usually called
what will be spoken by speaker. Listener feels getting enough information from
the speaker so that he/she cuts the speaking. Sometimes some words are missing
but it doesn’t influence that conversation. The other strategy is starting up. In this
conversation on Piers Morgan Tonight Talk Show, Piers Morgan as a host always
more enjoyable. When yielding occurs in conversation, there are two strategies
which are used by participants, they are: a). Using utterance which includes a
49
50
question or a statement and then the listener responds directly from the speaker.
B. Suggestions
mechanism is quite important for the next researchers who concern with
communication in social life and for all readers. Because in social community
must have their own rules, regarded to culture, language and mentality to reach an
This research may give a few suggestions for the next researchers that analyze
conversation among three participants or more, they also can analyze conversation
between participants use different language and then using theory code mixing
and code switching. For example, three participants talk about something in
conversation and each participants use different language and other participant
Diana, Lia Lestari Mulya. 2008. Analisis Percakapan pada Naskah Film The
University of Kent.
M.A, Morissan. 2008. Manajemen Media Penyiaran: Strategi Mengelola Radio &
Blackwell Publishing.
51
52
Reay, Shirley. 1998. “Conversation Analysis” in Alison Wray, Kate Trott and
Malang
Publishers.
Ltd.
Pustaka Utama
53
Blackwell.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
(MUSIC)
Bruno, welcome.
MORGAN: That's going to really eat away at Rob Lowe. You're younger. You're
better looking.
MARS : That's my goal in life. Eat your heart out, Mr. Lowe.
(LAUGHTER) MORGAN: Listen, you tweeted, "I thought 2010 was a great year
but thanks to you guys 2011 has been the greatest year of my life." Why?
MARS : For many reasons. I toured the world this year. I've been to places
that I never dreamt of going singing these songs and promoting my album, and
got a tremendous response. It's funny, that day I tweeted that I just bought my
mother a house.
MORGAN : Really?
MARS : Absolutely. She had been taking care of me for quite some time.
It's time for her to sit back and relax.
MARS : She said, it's not big enough. Get me out of it.
(LAUGHTER)
MARS : She was in tears. It was a very special moment for me. So --
54
55
MORGAN : The thing I like about your story is it hasn't all just been easy. A
lot of entertainers your age, it all goes crazy very young, it carries on and burns
out.
In your case, you had this big wakeup call. You were 18 years old. You come to
Hollywood. Motown signs you up. And you thought, whoa --
MARS : Yes.
MARS : It was taking a step back. I used to be able to walk into a room
and say, hey, I'm Bruno Mars, I'm signed with Motown Records. Now I have to
say I got dropped from Motown Records. You lose leverage. You lose people
believing in you because, then, why didn't it work?
MARS : It wasn't as brutal as that. And you know what? It's not Motown's
fault. I was too young. I didn't know what it was like.
I knew I could sing. I knew I can sing, but there's so much more I had to learn. I
didn't come from the recording background. I came from doing live shows and
performing with bands and that was my craft. I didn't know what it took to
become -- to record and be a recording artist.
Now, you got to write songs. Now, you got to establish who you are. I don't know
if anyone knows who they are at 18 years old.
MORGAN : Did you react well? Or like most 18 year olds when --
MORGAN : Did a part of you believe that, that maybe you weren't good
enough?
56
MARS : You definitely have those nights where you fell a little insecure,
but I didn't want to give up, I wasn't going to -- my goal was, I'm not going to go
back home. I'm not going back to Hawaii and face my friends and my family
saying it didn't pan out. I've got to do something.
MORGAN : What did you change about what you were doing? How did you
move from has been at 18 to back on track?
MARS : I don't even want to say it. This is CNN, come on.
MORGAN : For the CNN worldwide audience, the worst Bruno Mars song
you have ever written, the one that even now makes you come out in a weird
sweat?
MARS : But I promise you, Piers, had you been in the studio, we thought
we were going to win 18 Grammys off this song. The next day, we called each
other up like, what were we thinking?
MORGAN : You told a good story, that I read about you, when you were
talking about Elvis Presley and a bit of footage you'd seen of him performing I
think on a TV show, with a big audience of women. There was a moment when
Elvis spotted the girls were going crazy.
Rather than doing what most guys do, which is speed up, get to the moment, he
slowed it all down.
MARS : I think it was the Milton Berle show. I believe. I think it was the
Milton Berle show. I don't if it was Ed Sullivan. But he sang "Hound Dog." He
had girls in the palm of his hand. He said, you know what, watch this. You could
tell that it was like an improv thing, because the band kind of didn't know what to
57
do.
I don't know if that was live TV or not. But as he started, he got -- he milked it for
everything it was worth. I remember being a kid watching that and saying, I want
that. I want girls to scream like that.
MORGAN : In numbers only Rob Lowe could dream about. What is the
reality of being a heartthrob?
MARS : Heartthrob?
MORGAN : Really, me? No, you're kidding me. Let's cut through all that crap,
shall we?
MARS : And I say, yeah, you are the most beautiful man I've ever seen.
But that's just me, Piers.
MORGAN : This is a stupid question, but when you look out now and you see
a sea of beautiful women screaming at you --
MORGAN : It's got to feel good, right? How good does it feel? Is it actually a
bit weird?
MARS: It's the greatest feeling on Earth. You can't deny that. Like I said, I don't
know if it's a sea of women. It's fun. It's fun. MORGAN: Let's have a little break. I
want to talk to you when we come back about your early life in Hawaii, the time
before this craziness was going on. Also how you felt about "Time Magazine"
58
putting you in their 100 most influential people of the year, because that's quite an
accolade.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
MORGAN : Back with my special guest, Bruno Mars. Bruno, that's you as a
four-year-old doing your Elvis impression. You were a good little Elvis, weren't
you?
MARS : Man, I see those. I don't even remember that. I can't remember
doing that. I don't even remember -- I don't think I even knew what I was doing,
that I was actually impersonating somebody else.
MORGAN : I've seen your parents say that unlike the other kids in the family,
who were quite shy when it actually came to performing on stage, you loved it.
MORGAN: You wanted to be there. You wanted to be little Elvis running around.
Is that true? Do you remember that part of it?
MARS : Yeah. I remember one night I had 100 some odd fever. I was
about five years old, six years old, something like that. My mother wouldn't let me
perform. I was bawling all night up in the room. I had to call in sick that night.
And I couldn't get to put my jumpsuit on.
MORGAN : What was early life for you and the family like in Hawaii?
MARS : You know, Hawaii is a special place. And -- because when I think
about my childhood, I think about my family, my sisters, my brother, us going to
the beach, doing things that you would think a family that grew up in Hawaii
would do.
But, you know, my father who put this show together where you see these little
Elvis clips, you know, he had this show six nights a week at the Sheraton Waikiki.
So it was me going to school and then at nighttime I turned into Batman.
59
MORGAN : What values did they instill in you? MARS: Just family is
everything for us. You know, I wouldn't be where I am today without the support
and the love that my parents gave me and the knowledge that my father gave me.
He's the one that put me on to music. He's the one that showed me Jackie Wilson
and James Brown.
MORGAN : What kind of advice did he give you, your dad? Because he's
putting you into a business he knew well. It can be a rough business. It can be a
lonely place.
MARS : Right.
MARS : Right. His advice -- you see, my dad was a show man. My mom's
the singer in the family. My dad is -- my dad was kind of the leader, as far as
putting shows together and finding guys that could sing and doing this doo-wop
stuff. That was the show we were in. It was called the Love Note Show.
My dad has this love for 1950s doo-wop music. So he knows that he's not the best
singer in the world. But he knows he can find the best singers in the world and put
them all together on the stage and make magic happen. That's what he did with
this.
I think as far as like -- my father was like leadership qualities. That's what he
showed me.
MORGAN : How do they feel, your family, when "Time Magazine," one of
the most prestigious publications in the world, comes out with its famous annual
list of the 100 most influential people in the world and you're on that list. You're
sharing this with people like Benjamin Netanyahu, Barack Obama, Mark
Zuckerberg, General David Petraeus, and Justin Bieber.
So you weren't the only heartthrob who cracked the list. But that's a big moment,
isn't it? That's a moment that recognizes not just you as a performer, but as a
businessman and as a young man with real influence over millions of people.
MARS : I guess proud. I think my mother and father are extremely proud.
To them, I'll always be little Bruno. And that's what I need. Doing what I do, I
need my family and I need to go back home and feel like I'm safe and everything
is cool.
MORGAN : If I could take away the money or the women, which would you
rather keep?
60
MARS : Definitely the women, Piers. What kind of question is that? What
is this, a setup?
MARS : Don't you take away my women, please. Don't you do that to me.
MORGAN : Take all the money away, all the cars, the house. Think about this,
Bruno? This is a big question.
MORGAN : Does the money, in the end, mean that much? It's obviously great
to have it, but does it mean that much to you?
MARS : No. No. I'm not doing -- of course, like I said, being able to buy
my mom a house, that's something awesome that I've always wanted to do. I don't
think -- if you're doing music for money, I don't know if you can be taken
seriously.
MARS: That's the beauty about "Billionaire." If you listen to the lyrics, it, it's
really not about -- it is. We touch on it a little bit. Why I wrote that -- I wrote
"Billionaire" when I was flat broke. I just helped write a song for Flo Rider. It was
the number one song in the world, biggest downloads ever. It was the number one
song for I don't know how many weeks. It broke records.
MORGAN : How?
MORGAN : You're seeing this song go round the world, massive, huge
international hit. And you're making nothing.
MORGAN : Literally?
MARS : Literally.
61
MARS : OK.
MORGAN : Let's come back after the break. I want you to think carefully. I
want the Bruno Mars secret recipe to happiness.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)