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A Critical Review On Applications of Natural Jute Fibres A Case Study
A Critical Review On Applications of Natural Jute Fibres A Case Study
B. Jagan
K.S.R.M College, Andhrapradesh, India
ABSTRACT
Soil reinforcement technique is one of the most popular techniques used
for improvement of poor soils. Metal strips, synthetic geotextiles, geogrid
sheets, natural geotextiles, randomly distributed, synthetic and natural fibres
are being used as reinforcing materials to soil. Further, the soil reinforcement
causes significant improvement in tensile strength, shear strength, other
properties, bearing capacity as well as economy. Use of natural fibre in civil
engineering for improving soil properties is advantageous because they are
cheap, locally available, biodegradable and environmental friendly. India has
large tracks resting on expansive soil covering an area of 0.8million square
meters which is about 20% of total area of India .These expansive soils
undergo causes volumetric changes with change in moisture contents, swelling
and shrinkage of these soil causes severe damage to the foundations,
buildings, roads, retaining structures etc.In this project an attempt is made to
study the influence of jute fibre reinforcement on cbr properties of expansive
soil with increasing percentages 1%, 2% &3%.
Tests result indicates that CBR properties of soil increases with the
increase in fibre content. It was also observed that increasing the percentage
of fibre further increases the CBR value of reinforced soil and this increase is
substantial at fibre content of about 3%. This significant increase in CBR
values of soil reinforced with Jute fibre can be used to substantially indicating
significant improvement in the engineering behavior.
Key words: Jute Geotextiles, Index Properties, CBR Value, Clay Soil
Cite this Article: Dr. T. Kiran Kumar and B. Jagan, A Critical Review on
Applications of Natural Jute Fibres A Case Study, International Journal of
Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(3), 2016, pp. 200–210.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=7&IType=3
INTRODUCTION
NEED FOR USE OF NATURAL FIBRES
The expansive soils having property of swelling and expansiveness with influence of
variance moisture in soil. It also shows shrinkage behavior when dried. To achieve the
economy and for proper performance of road, it is necessary to improve the soil by
adding jute fibre
The study of the contribution of jute geo-textile on the properties of clayey soils
and its feasibility for various civil engineering applications is evaluated. In order to
improve the performance of roads on such soils jute geotextile has scope as
reinforcement. It is expected that with the inclusion of jute geotextile layer below
Granular Subbase (GSB) layer would be helpful in restricting the movement of upper
pavement layers due to seasonal moisture variation in subgrade expansive, shrinkable
soil. Soil reinforcement is defined as a technique to improve the engineering
characteristics of soil. In this way, using natural fibres to reinforce soil is an old and
ancient idea. Consequently, randomly distributed fibre reinforced soils have recently
attracted increasing attention in geotechnical engineering The main aim of this paper,
therefore, is to review the history, benefits, applications; and possible executive
problems of using different types of natural fibres in soil reinforcement.
For the development of any country, a satisfactory mode of transport and
communication is indispensable. This can be achieved through a transportation
system, which is economically viable. Economy in road network can be achieved
through economical pavement design. Quality of subgrade available is the input
parameter in pavement design. Practically it is not possible to have good subgrade
always. Poor subgrade necessitates a greater pavement thickness resulting in
increased construction cost. With the aim of reducing pavement thickness on poor
subgrade new techniques of construction and soil stabilization have been continuously
explored. Poor natural soils make them practically unsuitable for many civil
engineering construction activities including road pavements. In such cases natural
soils are being treated with different kinds of materials to improve their engineering
properties. The techniques of improving the engineering properties of soil are called
soil stabilization, which has been quite successfully used in many engineering
problems. In the present study jute fibre is used to improve the engineering properties
of the subgrade, so that required pavement thickness may be reduced for particular
traffic intensity. Jute fibres of different diameters and lengths were mixed in the
subgrade in different percentage and the improvements in the subgrade are studied in
terms of California Bearing Ratio (CBR).
NATURAL GEOTEXTILES
Natural fibres are extracted from plants and are then converted into yarns by spinning.
These fabrics are sometimes treated with rot resistance materials or reinforced with
synthetic fibres to enhance their durability under different soil conditions without
affecting its strength and other properties. Natural fibres such as jute, coconut and coir
bricks are used to improve soilstrength, soilerosion control and drainage applications.
JUTE FIBRE
Jute geo textile abbreviated as JGT has come out as the best as well as strong
alternative to synthetic geo textiles. Jute geotextile fabric is widely used for varied
civil engineering applications like separation, drainage and filtration over synthetic
one. Jute geo textile is available with inherent advantage of being designed from
natural fibre that is completely biodegradable. Jute is an organic fibre that brings eco
friendly nature to the textile. A user can easily discard them by decomposing them
without any pollution.
Today, jute geo textile fabric is available in two different varieties, one is woven
and other is non-woven fabric. Both the varieties are reckoned for high moisture
absorption capacity. Their flexibility and excellent drainage properties are the reason
behind their usage in agricultural sector to conserve soil erosion. Their long life span
makes them perfect to be used in those sectors that required long-term applications.
Due to their high durability and long life performance, they are in huge demand to be
used as separator, vegetation growing mesh, vertical drains, etc.
Development of this completely natural and strong Jute geo textile is likely to
enable it to be widely accepted in the varied soil reinforcement applications that may
include the construction of rural roads, access roads, and road and flood
embankments. Their superior drape ability, jute geo textile has come up as the ideal
solution for accomplishing varied tasks. Widely accepted for greater moisture
retention capacity, they have given a competitive edge to the geo textiles of other
fabric. Easy to install and remove, they are on the top whenever it comes to quality,
durability, sturdiness and strong nature. They can be availed in various sizes and
dimensions to match the requirement of every task. Jute geotextile is available in the
market at very lowest prices than the synthetic geo textiles.
ballasts into the soil bellow and also allow passage of precipitation along the plane of
the fabric thereby keeps the soil dry and tight and ultimately check the possibility of
settlement of railway tracks. Properly designed woven JGT with appropriate
porometry treated with suitable additives is used as filter material in river bank
protection.
OBJECTIVES
To study the characteristics of existing soils in the area.
To determine strength of the soil sample with jute fibre and without jute fibre
of normal soil.
The main objective of our study is to evaluate the effect of jute fibre inclusions
on CBR PARAMETERS of clay soil.
In the present work locally available sub-grade Red clay soil of the road is
modified by addition of natural fibre material in different percentages 1%, 2%
& 3% respectively.
Natural Jute fibres of different diameters and lengths were mixed in the
subgrade in different percentages.
Similarly jute fibre is been used for improvement in properties of soft murrum
soil has also been studied.
In order to achieve the objectives a detailed laboratory test were conducted on
normal soil sample and fibre reinforced clay. The test result are tabulated and
compared
LITERATURE REVIEW
Barnali Ghosh, Dr V Ramesh, Rajarajeswari B Vibhuti (2014)
Analysis and comparison of properties of two different clayey soils is carried out with
and without reinforcement. Jute geo-textile (grade TD-5) was used as reinforcing
material to stabilize both peat and black cotton soil. Almost all the standard laboratory
tests as well as field tests were conducted. Finally study of the contribution of jute
geo-textile on the properties of clayey soils and its feasibility for various civil
engineering applications is evaluated. The results show the increment of soil
properties like shear strength, dry density and CBR(California Bearing ratio) while
permeability and settlement .decreased on introduction of jute geo-textile, indicating
significant improvement in the engineering behavior.
biodegradation coalesces with the soil and adds nutrient to it and fosters growth of
vegetation.
STUDY AREA
The study area of soil is taken from the portions of highway road near Chennur road
in Kadapa District.The soil is collected from that area. By-Pass is constructed with its
road consisting silty-clay soil. Height of embankment in some stretches of road ranges
from 10 m to 12 m. Embankment fills are finished in 1:2 slopes. As the embankment
heights are appreciably high the denuded slopes were subjected to rain splash erosion
with formation of rain-cuts and gullies due to surface run-off. Soil samples were
collected from two sites of road.
METHODOLOGY
Tests on Soil Sample
Sieve Analysis
This is the name given to the operation of dividing a sample of aggregate in to various
fractions each consisting of particles of the same size.The sieve analysis is conducted
to determine the particle size distribution in a sample of aggregate, which we call
gradation.
Plastic Limit
Plastic limit is the water content corresponding to an arbitrary limit between the
plastic and semisolid states of consistency of a soil. It is the minimum water content at
which the soil will just begin to crumble when rolled in to a thread approximately
3mm in diameter.
Liquid Limit
Liquid limit is the minimum water content corresponding to arbitrary limit between
liquid and plastic states of consistency of a soil. It is the minimum water content at
which the soil is still in the liquid state but has a small shearing strength against
flowing, which can be measured by standard available means.
120
100
% passing through
80
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Aperture size (mm)
Results
Effective size of the particle D10 = 0.68 mm
Uniformity coefficient Cu = 2.21 mm
Coefficient of curvature Cc = 1.66 mm
For a gravel to be classified as well graded, the following must be met:
Cu > 4 for well graded soil, so Cu=2.21 < 4 ,it is poorly graded soil
Liquid Limit
Results:
Liquid limit of the soil (LL) = 31%
PLASTIC LIMIT
Results:
Plastic limit of the soil (PL) = 14.8%
Plasticity index of the soil (PI) = 16.2%
1.7
1.65
Dry density
1.6
1.55
1.5
1.45
0 5 10 15 20 25
Moisture content
Results:
Optimum moisture content (omc) =15.38 %
Maximum dry density (mdd) =1.68 g/cc
GRAPH 3
450
400
350
300
Load(kg)
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 2 4 6 8
for normal soil
Penetration(mm)
soil by using jute fibre
RESULTS
CBR value of soil by mixing with jute fibre at 2.50 mm penetration = 17.07 %
CBR value of soil by mixing with jute fibre at 5.0 mm penetration = 18.09%
CBR value of soil by mixing with jute fibre =18.09%
DISCUSSIONS
Results of jute fibre reinforced soil are compared with that of plain soil sample in two
groups as:
1). Effect of the jute reinforcement on the maximum dry density and optimum
moisture content.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it can be concluded that the CBR value of given soil
increases by mixing with natural jute fibre from 15.18% to 18.09%.
Jute fibre reinforcement reduces the maximum dry density and increases the optimum
moisture content of the subgrade soil. The CBR value of the subgrade soil increases
with the inclusion of jute fibre at 3% of fiber content. further adding of fibre
percentage will decrease the cbr value.
Appropriately designed JGT laid on the shoulder and along the slope helped retain the
soil particles and prevented detachment of soil particles from the prepared slope.
Establishment of vegetation ensured stabilization of the soil on the slope surface.
JGT, a bio-degradable natural geotextile, can conveniently be used for controlling
surface soil erosion and help growth of vegetation as a bio-engineering measure. JGT
after biodegradation coalesces with the soil and adds nutrient to it and fosters growth
of vegetation.
Overall it can be concluded that jute fibre reinforced soil can be considered to be good
Ground improvement technique Specially in engineering projects on weak soils.
Jute fibre reinforcement increases the sub-grade strength of the soil and thus reduces
the thickness of pavement. Jute fibre is a good reinforcing material which is bio
degradable.
Jute fibre can be considered as a good reinforcement material.
REFERENCES
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