SPEECH ORGAMS

7 de junio de 2020

SPEECH ORGAMS

BY:

LILIAN DEL CARMEN RAMÍREZ RIVAS

CECAR UNIVERSITY CORPORATION

SEMESTER: 1°

PROGRAM:

BACHELOR'S DEGREE IN ENGLISH

SUBJECT:

PHONETICS IN ENGLISH

TEACHER:

SANDRA MILENA LOZANO RODRIGUEZ

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INTRODUCTION

About this information about the Speech Organs is an important topic because it is
the process of breathing, vital for our functioning. The use of respiration for the
emission of the sounds of the tongue is a secondary function of these organs. The
supraglottic cavity is located above the glottic cavity.

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JUSTIFICATION

In this present investigation of the organs of speech it is produced by the air of the
lungs processed or modified by all the organs of speech over the lungs: the glottis,
the pharynx, the nose, the tongue and the lips. The individual sound is identified by
the closure or narrowing of these organs.

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GENERAL GOALS

Know about the organs of speech and their functions.

Acquire knowledge of the most important organs of speech.

SPECIFIC PURPOSE

Identify the most important parts of the speech organs.

Confirm the relationship of the speech organs and their articulatory systems.

SPEECH ORGAMS

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Speech is produced by the vocal organs. Every language has a definite set of
speech sounds, and every sound can be described with reference to the vocal
organ that is used to produce it. In this way sounds
occurring in different languages can be compared,
and foreign language learners can be helped to
overcome pronunciation problems that arise from
differences between languages. Knowledge of how
the vocal organs function to produce the
various sounds of a language will make near-
native sound production possible.

Speech is produced by air from the lungs being processed or modified by all
speech organs above the lungs: the glottis, pharynx, nose, tongue, and lips. The
individual sound is identified by the closure or narrowing of these organs. If we see
the tongue as the active articulator, the place which does not move can be called
the passive articulator. Labels refer to the place where the closure or narrowing
occurs, which means that the name normally refers to the passive articulator.

The speech sounds often have their names from the Latin name of the vocal
organ:

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Nasal sounds: through nose (velum down)

Oral sounds: through mouth (velum up)

Stops: full oral closure

Fricatives: partial oral closure (friction)

Approximants: narrowing (no friction)

Labial: from labium, lip(s) active

Dental: from dentes, teeth active

Alveolar: Alveoles, teeth ridge active

Palatal: Palate, hard palate active

Velar: Velum, soft palate active

Glottal: Glottis, vocal cords active

Manner of articulation

Knowing the place of articulation is not enough to fully describe a consonant, the
way in which the stricture happens is equally important. Manners of articulation

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describe how exactly the active articulator modifies, narrows or closes off the vocal
tract.

Stops (also referred to as plosives) are consonants where the airstream is

completely obstructed. Pressure builds up in the mouth during the stricture, which
is then released as a small burst of sound when the articulators move apart. The
velum is raised so that air cannot flow through the nasal cavity. If the velum is
lowered and allows for air to flow through the nose, the result in a nasal stop.
However, phoneticians almost always refer to nasal stops as just
"nasals".Affricates are a sequence of stops followed by a fricative in the same
place.

Fricatives are consonants where the airstream is made turbulent by partially, but
not completely, obstructing part of the vocal tract. Sibilants are a special type of
fricative where the turbulent airstream is directed towards the teeth, creating a
high-pitched hissing sound.

Nasals (sometimes referred to as nasal stops) are consonants in which there's a

closure in the oral cavity and the velum is lowered, allowing air to flow through the
nose.

In an approximant, the articulators come close together, but not to such an extent
that allows a turbulent airstream.

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Laterals are consonants in which the airstream is obstructed along the center of
the vocal tract, allowing the airstream to flow freely on one or both sides.[41]
Laterals have also been defined as consonants in which the tongue is contracted in
such a way that the airstream is greater around the sides than over the center of
the tongue. The first definition does not allow for air to flow over the tongue.

Trills are consonants in which the tongue or lips are set in motion by the
airstream.The stricture is formed in such a way that the airstream causes a
repeating pattern of opening and closing of the soft articulator. Apical trills typically
consist of two or three periods of vibration.

Vowels

Vowels are produced by the passage of air through the larynx and the vocal tract.
Most vowels are voiced (i.e. the vocal folds are vibrating). Except in some marginal
cases, the vocal tract is open, so that the airstream is able to escape without
generating fricative noise.

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Articulators:

Glottis

The glottis is the opening between the vocal folds located in the larynx. Its position
creates different vibration patterns to distinguish voiced and voiceless sounds. In
addition, the pitch of the vowel is changed by altering the frequency of vibration of
the vocal folds. In some languages there are contrasts among vowels with different
phonation types.

Pharynx

The pharynx is the region of the vocal tract below the velum and above the larynx.
Vowels may be made pharyngealized (also epiglottalized, sphincteric or strident)
by means of a retraction of the tongue root.Vowels may also be articulated with
advanced tongue root. There is discussion of whether this vowel feature (ATR) is
different from the Tense/Lax distinction in vowels.

Velum

The velum—or soft palate—controls airflow through the nasal cavity. Nasals and
nasalized sounds are produced by lowering the velum and allowing air to escape
through the nose. Vowels are normally produced with the soft palate raised so that
no air escapes through the nose. However, vowels may be nasalized as a result of
lowering the soft palate. Many languages use nasalization contrastively.

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Tongue

The tongue is a highly flexible organ that is capable of being moved in many
different ways. For vowel articulation the principal variations are vowel height and
the dimension of backness and frontness. A less common variation in vowel quality
can be produced by a change in the shape of the front of the tongue, resulting in a
rhotic or rhotacized vowel.

Lips

The lips play a major role in vowel articulation. It is generally believed that two
major variables are in effect: lip-rounding (or labialization) and lip protrusion.

CONCLUTION

Al estudiar esta investigación me ha permitido conocer sobre Los órganos del

habla porque fue fue muy importante de la fonética,que ayuda producir los
diversos sonidos de un idioma hará posible la producción de sonido casi nativo. 

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El habla es producida por el aire de los pulmones procesados o modificados por

todos los órganos del habla sobre los pulmones: la glotis , la faringe, la nariz,
la lengua y los labios

Bibliografía
en.wikipedia.org ›wiki› Speech_organ
www.sfu.ca/~mcrobbie/Ling130/Lecture3%20.pdf

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