LILIAN DEL CARMEN RAMÍREZ RIVAS- UNIT 3

COMPARATIVES Milton Pájaro

AND
SUPERLATIVES

Unit 3
LILIAN DEL CARMEN RAMÍREZ RIVAS- UNIT 3

PRESENT, PAST AND FUTURE TENSES

BY:

LILIAN DEL CARMEN RAMÍREZ RIVAS

CECAR UNIVERSITY CORPORATION

SEMESTER: 3°

PROGRAM:

BACHELOR’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH

SUBJECT:

ENGLISH GRAMMAR

TEACHER:

ANDREA PAOLA FIGUEROA RAMIREZ

LILIAN DEL CARMEN RAMÍREZ RIVAS- UNIT 3

Unit 3
Adjectives, adverbs, comparisons

Presentation

In this unit you will have the opportunity to study in more detail what are and how to use
adjectives and adverbs to make comparisons using comparatives and superlatives. You will
have the opportunity to read about the different rules that exist to make comparisons using
comparative and superlatives taking into account the number of syllables of adjectives. The
information presented in this unit is organized similarly to the information presented in unit
1. All the theory will be presented first, and at the end a workshop related to the content
of the unit will be presented.

The different exercises that you will develop in this unit will be at the end of the unit. At
the end you will also find a self-check exercise that will allow you identify if you need
to reinforce something about comparatives, superlatives, adjectives or adverbs.

Problem statement
LILIAN DEL CARMEN RAMÍREZ RIVAS- UNIT 3

How can we make comparisons suing adjectives and adverbs?

LILIAN DEL CARMEN RAMÍREZ RIVAS- UNIT 3

Specific competences

After studying this unit you will be able to:

 Recognize the difference that exist between an adjective and an adverb

 Identify different rules to make comparisons using adjectives and adverbs
 Make comparisons using adjectives and adverbs of one, two or more syllables.

Let’s build knowledge

Previous knowledge (individually)

This activity is related to the exploration of previous knowledge about the content of the
unit. For this reason, it is important that before going to the content of the unit to think
about:

1) What do you remember about adjectives and adverbs from unit one?
2) What do you think is the difference that exist between an adjective and
an adverb when making comparisons?

Group Work

1) Read carefully the content of unit 3 and find out if the ideas you had
about adjectives and adverbs were right or not.
2) According to the information found in unit 3, get in pairs or small groups and create
a chart that summarizes all the rules that exists to make comparative and
superlative sentences.
LILIAN DEL CARMEN RAMÍREZ RIVAS- UNIT 3

3. Adjectives, adverbs and Comparisons

In this unit we will learn what is an adjective, what is an adverb and how do we use these

words to make comparisons.

3.1 Adjective

An adjective describes a noun. Adjectives go before nouns. They can also be used alone

after the verb to be. They have the same form in the singular and the plural. E.g. This is

a big house. He is poor. They are poor (NOT: They are poors)

Note: For more details about the definition of this term see unit 1

3.2 Adverb

An adverb describes a verb. It shows how, where, when or how often someone does

something. Adverbs usually go after verbs.

E.g. He walks slowly.

John is here

He wakes up early.

Sometimes adverbs go before the main verb, e.g. the adverbs of frequency (often, always,

etc)

e.g. She often visits her parents

Note: For more details about the definition of this term see unit 1
LILIAN DEL CARMEN RAMÍREZ RIVAS- UNIT 3

3.2.1 Formation of Adverbs

a) We usually form an adverb by adding –ly to the adjective. E.g. Slow=slowly

b) Adjectives ending in –le drop the e and take y. e.g. Simple=simply

c) Adjectives ending in consonant + y drop the y and take –ily. E.g. angry=angrily

d) Adjectives ending in –l take –ly. E.g. careful=carefully.

3.2.2 Irregular adverbs:

Some adverbs are not formed according to the rules above. They have either a different

form or the same form as the adjective.

Adjecti Adve
ve rb
Go W
od ell
Fa Fa
st st
Ha Ha
rd rd
Ea Ea
rly rly
Late Late

3.3 Comparisons

Adjectives have two forms: Comparative and Superlative

We use the Comparative form + than to compare two people or things. E.g. Tom is

taller than Richard.

LILIAN DEL CARMEN RAMÍREZ RIVAS- UNIT 3

We use the + superlative form + of/in to compare three or more people or things. E.g.

Chris is the tallest of all. We use in when we talk about places. E.g. Russia is the largest

country in the world.

How do we form the comparative and superlative of Adjectives?

Adjectives of one or two syllables form the comparative by adding –er and the superlative

by adding –est. e.g. fast= faster=fastest. Adjectives of more than two syllables form the

comparatives with more and the superlative with most. E.g. beautiful=more beautiful=

most beautiful. Some adjectives such as clever, stupid, narrow, gentle, friendly, etc. form

the comparative and superlative either with –er/est or with more/most. E.g.

clever=cleverer-cleverest OR clever=more clever=most clever.

Spelling Rules

a) One syllable adjectives ending in –e take –r in the comparative and –st in the

superlative form. e.g. large – larger - largest

b) Two syllable adjectives ending in –y turn the –y into –I and then take –er/est. e.g.

happy- happier – Happiest

c) Adjectives ending in a stressed vowel between two consonants double the final

consonant and then take –er/-est. e.g. big-bigger - biggest but old older-

oldest
LILIAN DEL CARMEN RAMÍREZ RIVAS- UNIT 3

The comparative and superlative of adverbs

Adverbs form the comparative and superlative in the same way as adjectives.

Adverbs of one or two syllables take –er in the comparative and –est in the

superlative. E.g. hard=harder- hardest, early – earlier – earliest.

The adverbs which are formed by adding –ly to the adjective (adverbs of manner), take

more in the comparative and most in the superlative. E.g. carefully - more carefully-

most carefully.

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Comparative Superlative

Good/w Bett Bes

ell er t
Bad/bad Wor Wo
ly se rst
Much/ma More Most
ny A lot
of
Lit Less Least
tle Further/fart Further/farth
Far her est

Comparative with as…as /not as…

as
When we want to say that two people or things are the same, we use as…as. E.g.

Helen is as tall as Kelly

In Negations we use not as…as. E.g. Mary is not as clever as Julie.

LILIAN DEL CARMEN RAMÍREZ RIVAS- UNIT 3

WORKSHOP

1) Write the Adverbs for the following adjectives

a) Polite politely

b) dangerous dangerously

c) nice nicely

d) easy easily

e) good well

f) cheap cheaply

g) safe safely

h) hard hardly

i) comfortable comfortably

j) fast fast

k) beautiful beautifully

l) soft softly

m) early early

n) Noisy noisily

o) Careful carefully

p) Happy happily

q) terrible terribly

r) Awful awfully
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2) Are the words in bold adjectives or adverbs? Say what type the adverbs
are.

a) He is a good student adjective

b) She speaks loudly adverb of manner

c) They arrived early adverb of time

d) He is working hard adjective

e) She is a pretty girl adjective

f) Your father is here adverb of place

g) They usually eat out adverb of frequency

h) He drives carefully adverb of manner

i) He is leaving tomorrow verb

j) You dance very well adverb of manner

3) Underline the correct item

a) My bedroom is tidy/tidily =tidy

b) It is snowing heavy/heavily =heavily

c) Cross the road careful/carefully =carefully

d) My teacher was very angry/angrily yesterday =angrily

e) Get ready for school quick/quickly =quickly

f) The test was very easy/easily. = easy

g) Your perfume smells nice/nicely = nicely

h) Susan is smiling happy/happily=happily

i) This sweater feels very soft/softly =soft

j) He sings beautiful/beautifully= beautyfully

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4) Rewrite the sentences using a verb and an adverb as in the example.

a) He is a good writer he writes

well

b) She is a slow runner

she runs slowly

c) They are clever players

they play cleverly

d) He is a careful driver

he drives carefully

e) They are hard worker

They work hardly

f) Fiona is a bad singer

Fiona sings badly

g) Paula is a beautiful dancer

Paula dances beautifully

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5) Write the comparative and superlative form of the following adjectives.

Comparative Superlative
a) Small Smaller The smallest
b) Big Bigger The biggest
c) weak Weaker The weakest
d) dangerous More dangerous The most dangerous
e) slow Slower The slowest
f) Pretty Prettier The prettiest
g) Safe Safer The safest
h) beautiful More beautiful The most beautiful

i) Fat Fatter The fattest

j) Sad Sadder The saddest

6) Complete the following sentences using the comparative form

a) My motorbike goes faster than (fast) yours

b) I work harder than (hard) Paul

c) Today it is colder than (cold) yesterday

d) I’m older than (old) you

e) English is less (little) difficult than Japanese

f) The last bus was more crowded than (crowded) the first bus

g) I need a bigger (big) bag than this

h) Travelling by train is most expensive than (expensive) travelling by bus

i) A coat costs more than (much) a Jacket

j) Vegetables are better (good) for your health than crisps.

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7) Complete the following sentences using the superlative form

a. Sarah is the youngest person in my family (young)
b. That is the most horrible dress I have ever seen (horrible)
c. Roses are the flowers which have the nicest smell (nice)
d. January is the coldest month of the year (cold)
e. That was the funniest Joke I’ve ever heard (funny)
f. She is most beautiful woman I’ve ever met (beautiful)
g. This is the worst song I’ve ever heard (bad)
LILIAN DEL CARMEN RAMÍREZ RIVAS- UNIT 3

8) Choose one of the following topics and write a paragraph using

comparative and superlative. State your personal opinion on the topic

you choose.

a) Messi VS Cristiano Ronaldo

b) Traditional classroom VS Virtual classroom

c) Living in the city VS living in the countryside

Life in the countryside is very quiet because we breathe the pure air of the green
areas that is beneficial to our health, we can get away from the noise, wider spaces
to see beautiful landscapes, we live in a dispersed way.

In the countryside we have contact with the animals, gardens, we can do exercise
in the open air,a lot of mental relaxation.

Life in the city is one of great alternatives of entertainment, art, culture, leisure,
there possibilities to study for to be professional, go shopping, go cinema, business
opportunities.