Title: Factors that affect the rate of reaction 

Aim: To investigate factors affecting the rate of reactions through experiment 

Problem statement: Does the concentration of vinegar affects the rate of reaction?

Hypothesis: The higher the concentration of vinegar, the higher the rate of reaction.

Variables:

(i) Manipulated: The concentration of the vinegar

(ii) Responding: The rate of reaction

(iii) Constant: Size of egg / Temperature of the solution / Presence of catalyst

Materials and apparatus: Vinegar, water, containers, covers, eggs, measuring cup

Procedure:

1. 4 containers are prepared and labelled as A, B, C and D.

2. 300 ml of vinegar is measured and poured into a container labelled as A.
3. Step 2 is repeated by measuring 200 ml of vinegar and 100 ml water, 100 ml of vinegar and
200 ml of water and 300 ml of water into container B, C and D respectively.
4. The eggs are put into container A ,B ,C and D. Then, the containers are covered with covers.
5. The eggshell is observed after every 6 hours for two days.
6. After 48 hours, the eggs are taken out from the vinegar and rinsed gently with water. 
7. The observation is recorded.
Observations:

Containe
Description of eggs
r
Time /
6 12 18 24 30 36-48
hours
The The The
The eggshell The outermost outermost outermos
A ( 300 remains solid and egg Brown of the egg of the egg t of the
ml of hard. float on precipitate float is white is white egg is
vinegar) Many bubbles appea the on the water. and and white and
r on the eggshell. water. become become become
bouncy. bouncy. bouncy.
The The The
B ( 200ml The eggshell egg The egg float on outermost outermos
Brown
of remains solid and float the water with of the egg t of the
precipitate
vinegar + hard. Some bubbles partiall very little of is white egg is
float on
100ml of appear on the y on brown precipitate and white and
the water.
water) eggshell. the . become become
water. bouncy. bouncy.
The egg
The
The float on
C ( 100ml outermos
The eggshell is solid egg the water Brown
of The egg float on t of the
and white. Less sink at with very precipitat
vinegar the water with egg is
bubbles appear on the little of e float on
+  200ml many bubbles. white and
the eggshell. bottom brown the water.
of water) become
. precipitate
bouncy.
.
The
The eggshell is solid egg
D (300ml and hard. No sink at No No No
No change
of water) bubbles around the the change change change
eggshell. bottom
.
Discussion: 

1. What do the bubbles tell us?

The bubbles tell us that a chemical reaction in occurring. The bubbles contain carbon dioxide,
which is a product of the reaction occurring between acetic acid and calcium carbonate. 

2. What are the changes being measured in this experiment to determine the rate of
reaction?
The volume of vinegar used in each container. 

3. Why does the eggshell disappear?

The calcium carbonate in the eggshell and the acetic acid in the vinegar interact to form
calcium acetate, carbon dioxide gas and water. This reaction dissolves the eggshell. 

4. Write the chemical reaction this experiment. 

CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH → Ca(CH3COO)2 + H2O + CO2
  
5. What is the precautionary step of this experiment? 
Make sure that the vinegar completely covers the egg. 

Conclusion: Hypothesis is accepted. The higher the concentration, the higher the rate of reaction. 

Group Leader: Amos Ling Zhi Wei

Group Members: 
1. Aidan Ngu Tian Zheng 

2. Andrew Lau Tai Liong

3. Alexandra Chieng Tse Yee

4. Bernice Chew Ching Siew

5. Charis Ngu Yue Yee