MODULE EXERCISE 2.

01 A = HUNDRED’S DIGIT

COVERAGE: NUMBER PROBLEMS B = TEN’S DIGIT

1. THE AVERAGE OF 90 REAL NUMBERS IS 70. C = UNIT’S DIGIT

WHEN TWO NUMBERS ARE REMOVED NAMELY
27 AND 52, FIND THE NEW AVERAGE.

SOLUTION
a=2 c ( 1 )
100 a+10 b+ c−396=100 c+10 b+ a
∑ of numbers =70
90 100 a+10 b+ c−396=100 c+10 b+ a

∑ of numbers=70 ( 90 )=6 , 300 99 a−99 c=396 (2)

6300−27−52 a+ b+c=17 (3)

=70.7
90−2 SOLVING SIMULTANEOUSLY: SUBSTITUTION
2. A COUNTEY BARN HOUSE CHICKENS AND PIGS.
(EQUATION 1 TO EQUATION 2)
IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE EXACT NUMBER
OF EACH KIND OF ANIMALS IN THE BARN THE 99(2c )−99 c =396(2)
NEW BARN THE NEW FARM SUPERVISOR
INSTALLS SENSORS, BUT IT CAN ONLY COUNT
99 c=396 (2)
THE NUMBER OF HEAD AND LEGS. IT RECORDS c=4
60 HEADS AND 140 LEGS. HOW MANY
CHICKENS ARE THERE? FROM EQUATION 1:

SOLUTION a=2 ( 4 )=8

LET FROM EQUATION 2:

X = NUMBER OF PIGS 8+ b+4=17

Y = NUMBER OF CHICKENS b=5

∴ number=854

x + y=60 ( 1 )
4 x+2 y=140 (2)
SOLVING SIMULTANEOUSLY: ELIMINATION

−2 y=−100
∴ y=50 chickens

3. THE HUNDRED’S DIGIT OF A NUMBER IS TWICE

THE UNIT’S DIGIT. IF 396 IS SUBSTRACTED
FROM THE NUMBER, THE ORDER OF DIGITS
WILL BE REVERSED. FIND THE NUMBER IF THE
SUM OF THE DIGITS IS 17.

SOLUTION

LET
MODULE EXERCISE 2.02

COVERAGE: MONEY PROBLEMS

1. A PRICE INCREASES BY 10% DUE TO DEMANS

AND IS THEN REDUCED BY 12% FOR A HOLIDAY
SALE. EXPRESS THE FINAL PRICE AS A FUNCTION
OF THE ORIGINAL PRICE P.

SOLUTION

P (1+10% ) (1-2%)=0.968 P

2. RENTING A MOTORCYCLE IN SIARGAO ISLANCD

CHARGES Php 2,800 PER WEEK PLUS TWO PESO
PER KM IN GASOLINE COST. IF YOUR ISLAND
TRAVEL BUDGET IS GOOD FOR A WEEK, HOW
MANY KM CAN YOU TRAVEL WITH Php 3000?

SOLUTION

P (3,000) = P 2,800 + P 2(x)

∴ x=100 km

3. IN WHAT PRICEWILL YOU SELL A CELL,PHONE

FOR A SALE THAT COST Php 6000 IN ORDER
THAT YOU MAY OFFER 20% DISCOUNT ON THE
SELLING PRICE AND STILL MAKE A PROFIT OF
25% ON THE DISCOUNTED PRICE?

SOLUTION

LET

S = ORIGINAL SELLING PRICE

PROFIT = SELLING PRICE- COST

0.25(1-0.20) S=(1-0.20) S -6000

∴ S=P 10,000
MODULE EXERCISE 2.03

COVERAGE: MOTION PROBLEMS

1. AN AIRPLANE TRAVELS 500 KM AGAINST THE

WIND IN ONE HOUR AND 45 MINUTES.
TRAVELLING THE SAME DISTANCE WITH THE
WIND, THE AIRPLANE CONSUMED ONE HOUR
AND 15 MINUTES. FIND THE VELOCITY OF THE
WIND

SOLUTION

LET

X = SPEED OF PLANE

Y = SPEED OF WIND

( x− y )(1.75)=500 ( 1 )
( x + y )( 1.25)=500 ( 2 )
SOLVING SIMULTANEOUSLY: ELIMINATION

(MULTIPLY 1.75/1.25 TO EQUATION 2)

1.75 x−1.75 y=500

−1.75
( 1.25 x +1.25 y=500)
1.25

−3.5 y=−200

∴ y=57.1 kph
2. TWO TRAINS GOING IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS
LEAVE AT THE SAME PLACE AND AT THE SAME
TIME. ONE TRAIN TRAVELS 15 MPH FASTER
THAN THE OTHER. IN OTHER 6 HOURS, THE
TRAINS ARE 630 MILES APART. FIND THE SPEED
OF THE FASTER TRAIN.

SOLUTION

LET

X = SPEED OF FASTER TRAIN

[ x+ ( x−15 ) ] ( 6 )=630
12 x=720

∴ x=60 mph
3. SLARK CAN WALK 4 KM WITH THE SAME TIME
AS SLARDAR CAN WALK 5 KM. SLARK TAKE 3
MINUTES MORE THAN IT TAKES SLANDAR TO
WALK A KILOMETER. WHAT IS THE RATE OF
SLARK IN KPH?

SOLUTION

LET

X = SPEED OF SLARK

Y = SPEED OF SLANDAR

Distance
Time=
Speed
y=1.25 x (1 )
1km 1 km 3 min
= + (2)
x y 60
SOLVING SIMULTANEOUSLY: SUBSTITUTION

(EQUATION 1 TO EQUATION 2)

1km 1 km 3 min
= +
x 1.25 x 60
1=0.8+0.5 x
∴ x=4 kph
MODULE EXERCISE 2.04 y=9
COVERAGE: AGE PROBLEMS FROM EQUATION 1

1. THE SUM OF AGES OF THE THREE BROTHERS IS x=9 ( 3 ) =27

63. IF THEIR AGES ARE CONSECUTIVE INTEGERS,
WHAT IS THE AGE OF THE ELDEST BROTHER? ∴ ∑ ¿ x+ y =36

SOLUTION

LET

X = AGE OF ELDEST BROTHER

x + ( x−1 ) + ( x−2 )=63

3 x−3=63
∴ x=22
2. IF LUNA WAS FOUR TIMES AS OLD AS LINA
EIGHT YEARS AGO AND IF LUNA WILL BE TWICE
AS OLD AS LINA EIGHT YEARS HENCE, HOW OLD
IS LINA NOW?

SOLUTION

PAST PRESENT
( 8 YRS AGO) (8 YRS. AGO)
LUNA 4(x-8) 2(x+8)
LINA x-8 x+8

2 ( x+ 8 )−4 ( x−8 ) =( x+8 )−( x−8)

−2 x=−32
∴ x=16
3. YAKI IS 3 TIMES AS OLD AS SOBA. THREE YEARS
AGO, HE IS FOUR RIMES AS OLD AS SOBA. FIND
THE SUM OF THEIR AGES.

SOLUTION

LET

X = AGE OF YAKI

Y = AGE OF SOBA

x=3 y (1)
( x−3 ) =4 ( y −3 ) (2)
SOLVING SIMULTANEOUSLY: SUBSTITUTION

(EQUATION 1 TO EQAUTION 2)

( 3 y−3 )=4 ( y−3)

MODULE EXERCISE 2.05 12
θ= ( 60+ x ) ( 2)
11
COVERAGE: CLOCK PROBLEMS
SOLVING SIMULATNEOUSLY: SUBSTITUTION
1. AT HOW MANY MINUTES AFTER 5 PM WILL THE
HANDS OF A CLOCK BE PERPENDICULAR TO (EQUATION 2 TO EQUATION 1)
EACH OTHER FOR THE SECOND TIME?
12 x
( 60+ x )−90=
SOLUTION 11 2
2 x=41.54
t= ( 5 ∙ 30+90 )=43.64
11
FROM EQUATION 2
2. WHAT IS THE ANGLE BETWEEN HOUR AND
(CONVERTED INTO MINUTES)
MINUTES HANDS AT 20 MINUTES PAST 2?
12 60 mins
SOLUTION θ= ( 60+ x ) ∙
11 360 °
2
20= (2 ∙ 30+ θ) 2
11 θ= ( 60+41.54 )=18.46 mins
11
∴ θ=50 °
∴ At 2 :18 :27.7
3. WHAT TIME BETWEEN 2 AND 3 o’ CLOCK WILL
THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE HANDS OF THE
CLOCK BE BISECTED BY THE LINE CONNECTING
THE CENTER OF THE CLOCK AND 3 o’ CLOCK
MARK?

SOLUTION

LET

θ=ANGLE ¿ 12 MARK ¿ MINUTE HAND

X = ANGLE BETWEEN HANDS

x
θ−90= ( 1)
2
MODULE EXERCISE 2.06 Rate ( Time )=Work
COVERAGE: WORK PROBLEMS 1 1 1 1
1. IT TAKES ALISON 5 HOURS TO COMPLETE A 10 hours
(2 hours ) +[ + +
10 hours 8 hours 12hours ]
( time )

TASK IF SHE WORKS ALONE, AND IT TAKES ∴ time=2.6 hours

CLAIRE 4 HOURS ALONE. HOW LONG WILL IT
TAKE TO COMPLETE THE TASK IF THEY WORK
TOGETHER?

SOLUTION

1 task
Ralison =
5 hours
1 task
Rclaire =
4 hours
Rate ( Time )=Work

1 1
[ ]( + Time )=1
5 4
∴ Time=2.22 hours
2. A SWIMMING POOL CAN BE FILLED BY AN INLET
PIPE IN 10 HOURS AND EMPTIED BY AN OUTLET
PIPE IN 12 HOURS. ONE DAY THE POOL IS
EMPTY AND THE OWNER OPENS THE INLET PIPE
TO FILL THE POOL. BUT HE FORGETS TO CLOSE
THE OUTLET. WITH BOTH PIPES OPEN, HOW
LONG WILL IT TAKE TO FILL THE POOL?

SOLUTION

INSTEAD OF ADDING THE RATES, WE WILL

SUBSTRACT SINCE THE OUTLET PIPE SLOWS THE
RATE OF THE INLET PIPER.

Rate ( Time )=Work

1 pool 1 pool
[ −
10 hours 12 hours ]
( Time )

∴ Time=60 hours
3. MARY, SUW, AND BILL WORK AT A MOTEL. IF
EACH WORKED ALONE, IT WOULD TAKE MARY
10 HOURS, SUE 8 HOURS, AND BILL 12 HOURS
TO CLEAN THE WHOLE MOTEL. ONE DAY MARY
CAME TO WORK EARLY AND SHE HAD CLEANED
FOR 2 HOURS WHEN SUE AND BILL ARRIVED
AND ALL THREE FINISHED THE JOB. HOW LONG
DID THEY TAKE TO FINISH?

SOLUTION
MODULE EXERCISE 2.07

COVERAGE: MIXTURE PROBLEMS

1. A GIRL SCOUT TROOP HAS 20 POUNDS OF

CANDY WORTH 80 CENTS PER POUND. IT
WISHES TO MIX IT WITH CANDY WORTH 50
CENTS PER POUND SO THAT THE TOTAL
MIXTURE CAN BE SOLD AT 60 CENTS PER
POUND WITHOUT ANY GAIN OR LOSS. HOW
MUCH OF THE 50-CENT CANDY MUST BE USED?

SOLUTION

LET

X = AMOUNT OF 50 CENTS CANDY

EQUATION OF COST OR PRICE

( 20 lbs )( 80 cents )+ x ( 50 cents )= (20+ x ) ( 60 cents )

∴ x=40 lbs
2. A CHEMIST NEEDS A SOLUTION OF TANNIC ACID
THAT IS 70% PURE. HOW MUCH DISTILLED-
WATER MUST SHE ADD TO 5 GALLONS OF ACID
WHICH IS 90% PURE?

SOLUTION

CREATING AN EQUATION BASE ON THE AMOUNT

OF ACID.

( 5 gal )( 0.90 ) + ( x ) ( 0 )=( 5+ x ) (0.70)

x=1.43 gal
3. A CHEMIST HAS 300 GRAMS OF 20% ACID
SOLUTION. HE WISHES TO DRAIN SOME OFF
AND REPLACE IT WITH AN 80% SOLUTION SO AS
TO OBTAIN A 25% SOLUTION. HOW MANY
GRAMS MUST BE DRAIN AND REPLACE WITH
80% SOLUTION?

SOLUTION

LET

X = AMOUNT TO BE DRAINED/REPLACED

CREATE AN EQUATION BASE ON THE AMOUNT OF

ACID:

( 300 grams )( 0.20 )−x ( 0.20 )+ x ( 0.80 ) =(300 grams)(0.25)

∴ x=25 grams
 THE DIFFERENCE OF W AND X

MODULE EXERCISE 2.08 w-x

COVERAGE: MIXTURE PROBLEMS INVERSE VARIATION:

1. ACCORDING TO HOOKE’S LAW, THE FORCE k

y=
NEEDED TO STRETCH THE SPRING IS ( w−x )3
PROPORTIONAL TO THE AMOUNT THE SPRING
IS STRETCHED. IF 50 POUNDS OF FORCE SOLVE FOR THE CONSTANT OF PROPORTIONALITY,
STRETCHES THE SPRING 5 INCHES, HOW MUCH k:
WILL SPRING BE STRETCHED BY A FORCE OF 120 2 2
k = y ( w−x ) =6 ( 3−1 ) =24
POUNDS?
EQUATION
SOLUTION
k 24
DIRECT VARIATION y= =
( w−x ) ( w−x )2
2

F=kd
F1 F2
=k =
d1 d2
50 lb
120lb
5∈¿= ¿
d2

d 2=12∈¿

2. THE WEIGHT OF A BODY VARIES INVERSELY AS

THE SQUARE OF ITS DISTANCE FROM THE
CENTER OF THE EARTH. IF THE RADIUS OF THE
EARTH IS 4000 MILES, HOW MUCH WOULD A
200 POUND MAN WEIGH 1000 MILES ABOVE
THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH.

SOLUTION

INVERSE VARIATION

k
W=
d2

W 1 d 12=k W 2 d 22

200 ( 4000 )2 =W 2 ( 4000+1000 )2

W 2 =128lbs

3. GIVEN THAT Y VARIES INVERSELY AS THE

SQUARE OF THE DIFFERENCE OF W, AND X AND
THAT Y = 6 WHEN W = 3 AND X = 1, FIND THE
EQUATION FOR Y.

SOLUTION
MODULE EXERCISE 2.09

COVERAGE: ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

1. FIND THE SUM OF THE FIRST 50 TERMS OF THE

SEQUENCE 1, 3, 5, 7....

SOLUTION

COMMON DIFFERENCE, d = 3-1 =2

SUM OF AP:

50
Sn = [ 2 ∙ 1+ ( 50−1 ) ( 2 ) ] =2500
2
2. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION HAS 3 AS ITS FIRST
TERM. ALSO, THE SUM OF THE FIRST 8 TERMS
IS TWICE THE SUM OF THE FIRST 5 TERMS. FIND
THE COMMON DIFFERENCE.d

SOLUTION

S8=2∙ S 5

8 5
[ 2 ∙3+ ( 8−1 ) d ] =2 ∙ [2 ∙ 3+ ( 5−1 ) ] d
2 2
∴ d=0.75
3. IF X, Y, Z ARE IN ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION,
THEN 2Y = X + Z

SOLUTION

USING COMMON DIFFERENCE, THE VALUE OF Y:

y=x +d
USING COMMON DIFFERENCE THE VALUE OF Z.

z= y +d
SUBSTRACT THE EQUATIONS TO REMOVE d:

y−z =x
MODULE EXERCISE 3.01 π 180 °
COVERAGE: ANGLE MEASUREMENTS
3 ( π )
=60 °

1. THE HANDS OF A CLOCK SHOW 7:10. WHAT IS 3. ONE ANGLE IS THREE TIMES IT SUPPLEMENT
THE MEASURE, IN RADIANS, OF THE SMALLER INCREASED BY 20° . FIND THE MEASURES OF
ANGLE FORMED BETWEEN THE HOUR AND THE TWO SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES.
MINUTE HANDS? θ=3 (180−θ ) +20
θ=140
SOLUTION
180−θ=40
SINCE THERE ARE 12 INCREMENTS ON A CLOCK, THE
ANGLE BETWEEN EACH HOUR MAKING ON THE MODULE EXERCISE 3.02
CLOCK IS COVERAGE: TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
2π π 1. AN ANGLE IS A REFLEX ANGLE WHEREIN THE
= ∨30°
12 6 VALUE OF TANGENT OF THAT ANGLE IS 1/3.
THEREFORE, THE ANGLE BETWEEN NUMBER 7 AND WHAT IS THE CORRESPONDING SUM OPF ITS
NUMBER 2 IS COSINE AND SINE?

π 5π SOLUTION
5x =
6 6 FIND THE VALUE OF ANGLE WITH TANGENT OF 1/3
BECAUSE THE MINUTE HAND ROTATED FROM 12 FROM 0 TO 360 DEGREES.
TO 2, THEREFORE THE HOUR HAND ALSO ROTATED
AND IT IS 1/6 OF THE DISTANCE OF AN HOUR,
SPECIFICALLY FROM 7 TO 8. SO THE HOUR HAND
arctan ( 13 )=18.435 °∧198.435 °
MOVES. SINCE IT IS A REFLEX ANGLE, CHOOSE THE SCOND
ANSWER.
1 π π
x =
6 6 36 sin 198.435 °+ cos 198.435° =−1.26
THEN. THE TOTAL MEASURE OF THE ANGLE WILL 2. IF COVERSINθ IS 0.256855 THEN θ IS ____
THEN BE.
SOLUTION
5 π π 31 π
+ = =2.705 coversin θ=1−sin θ=0.256855
6 36 36
θ=48 °
2. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT TRUE?

SOLUTION

150 ° ( 180π ° )=2.62rad

π
69 ° (
180° )
=1.20 rad

π
150 ° (
180 ° )
=2.62rad

8 π 180 °
3 ( π )
=480°
MODULE EXERCISE 3.03 1 1
COVERAGE: TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

1. SIMPLIFY THE FUCTION Y=(TAN X + COT C ) SIN

( −
sin x sin x
)
cos x
¿

1−cos x
X. ( sin x ) ¿

SOLUTION
1−cos 2 x
sin x cos x
y= ( cos x sin x )
+ sin x sin x

sin 2 x +cos 2 x sin2 x

y= (
cos x sin x )
sin x sin x

1 sin x
y=
cos x
y=sec x
2. SIMPLIFY EACH EXPRESSION USING THE
FUNDAMENTAL IDENTITIES.

sin 2 x +cos 2 x
tan x
SOLUTION

1
tan x
cot x
3. SIMPLIFY
sin x cos 2 x −sin x
SOLUTION

sin x cos 2 x −sin x

sin x ¿ ¿

−sin x ¿ ¿

−sin3 x
4. SIMPLIFY

( sin1 x − tan1 x ) ¿
SOLUTION

( sin1 x − tan1 x ) ¿
MODULE EXERCISE 3.04

COVERAGE: WAVE CHARACTERISTICS

1. FOR FUNCTION Y = 4 SIN [ 3 ( X + 2 ) ]-1,

DETERMINE THE PHASE SHIFT.

SOLUTION

THE EQUATION CAN BE WRITTEN AS:

y=4 sin [ 3 x+6 ] −1

PHASE SHIFT -6/3 = -2

2. FOR THE FUNCTION Y=1/2 COS (4X),

DETERMINE ITS PERIOD.

SOLUTION

FOR THE PERIOD, EQUATE THE ANGLE TO 2 π AND

SOLVE FOR X.

4 x=2 π
π
x=
2
3. FOR FUNCTION Y=2 SIN (3X), DETERMINE ITS
AMPLITUDE.

SOLUTION

THE AMPLITUDE IS THE NUMERICAL COEFFICIENT

OF THE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION.

Amplitude=2
4. FOR THE FUNCTION Y=4 TAN (3X), DETERMINE
THE EQUATION OF ONE OF THE ASYMPTOTES

SOLUTION

FOR THE ASYMPTOTES, EQUATE THE ANGLE TO 90

DEGREES.

3 x=90
π
x=30 °∨
6
MODULE EXERCISE 4.01 LET

COVERAGE: DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS AND  POINT A (a, b ) AS POINT OF INTEREST = (x,
DIVISION OF LINE SEGMENT y)
 POINT B (10,5 ) AS POINT OF INTEREST = (x 1,
1. FIND THE COORDINATE OF THE POINT MIDWAY
y1)
BETWEEN (-1,3 ) AND ( 6, 5 )
 POINT (4, 2 ) AS POINT OF C = (x2, y2)
SOLUTION
THE RATIO IS:
x 1+ x 2 y 1+ y 2
( 2
,
2 )
BA 4 parts 4
r= = =
3+5 BC 3 parts 3
( −1+6
2
,
2 )
FOR X-COORDINATE
∴(2.5,4)
x−x 1
2. A POINT ( 9, 7 ) IS ALONG THE CIRCLE, GETTING
THE DISTANCE TO THE CENTER WILL GIVE US
r= ( x 2−x 1 )
THE RADIUS.

SOLUTION 4 x−10
=
3 4−10

2 2
∴ x=2
radius=d=√ ( 9−6 ) + ( 7−3 )
FOR Y-COORDINATE
∴ radius=5
y − y1
3. A SEGMENT FROM A (A, B) AND B (10, 5 ) IS
DIVIDED EQUALLY INTO PARTS. POINT (4, 2 ) IS
r= ( y 2− y 1 )
A DIVISION POINT NEAREST TO POINT A. FIND A
(x, y)
4 x−5
4 PARTS SOLUTION B (10, 5) =
3 2−5
∴ y=1
3 PARTS
COORDINATE OF POINT a (A, B)

∴(2,1)

(4,2)

A (a, b)
MODULE EXERCISE 4.02 SOLUTION

COVERAGE: AREA OF POLYGON USING COORDINATE YOU MATY SOLVE THIS USING CALTECH SOLUTION
METHOD
BUT LET’S HAVCE A MANUAL SOLUTION
1. A 4-SIDED POLYGON HAS VERTICES OF (1,1),
1 x 1 x2 x 3 x 4
(4,8), (7, 2), (-3, 5) . FIND THE AREA.

SOLUTION
Area= |
2 y1 y2 y3 y 4 |
PLOT THE POINTS
1
Area= ¿
2
(4,8) 1
Area= |(1 ∙ 6+5 ∙2+7 ∙ 2)−(2 ∙5+ 6 ∙7+ 2∙ 1)|
2
(-3, 5)

GET THE ABSOLUTE VALUE

(7,2)
(1,1) ∴ Area=12

LET POINT (1, 1) AS OUR STARTING POINT AND WE

WILL HAVE OUR ORDER IN A CLOCK-WISE MANNER,
YOU MAY USE THE CONVENTIONAL SOLUTION HAVING
A FORMULA OF

1 x 1 x2 x 3 x 4
Area= |
2 y1 y2 y3 y 4 |
YOU MAY ALSO USE THE CALTECH APPROACH

1. GO TO MODE 3-2 ( STAT FUNCTION WITH X

AND Y COLUMNS)
2. INPUT THE VALUES OF X IN THE PROPER ORDER:

x y
1 5-2
-3 8-1
4 2-5
7 1-8
3. PRESS AC, THEN GET THE SUMMATION OF X
TIMES Y. MULTIPLY BY ½ TO GET THE AREA
(OBTAIN THE ABSOLUTE VALUE)
1
∴ A= xy=39.5
2∑
2. FIND THE AREA OF A TRIANGLE WITH VERTICES
OF (1,2), (5, 6) AND (7,2 )
MODULE EXERCISE 4.03

COVERAGE: EQUATION OF A LINE