J1939 Datalink Communication

A L L I S O N 4 th G E N E R A T I O N C O N T R O L S S E R V I C E T R A I N I N G
J19 3 9 D ATA L I N K
C O M M U N I C AT I O N S
J1939 Overview
Allison 4th Generation Controls J1939 Datalink Communications
The Controller Area Network (CAN) is Allison does not recommend the use of
defined by SAE J1939. unshielded cabling specified in J1939-15
(often referred to as J1939 "lite").
J J1939 enables integration of various vehicle
components by providing a standard method of J The lack of shielding makes the network more
exchanging information between vehicle control susceptible to electromagnetic interference.
modules. J OEMs sometimes opt to use J1939-15 due to its
J J1939 can reduce the amount of wiring in a lower cost and physical flexibility.
vehicle and give many different components and J J1939-11 and J1939-15 cable should never be
subsystems access to a wider range of
mixed in a vehicle installation.
information.
Allison is only responsible for the Allison TCM
Allison utilizes J1939 for vehicle operation
hardware, software and calibration.
controls, powertrain interaction and conveying
vehicle management information. J Wiring issues belong solely to the vehicle
manufacturer.
J Allison recommends implementing J1939 network
wiring per SAE J1939-11. J Responsibility for putting good information on the
datalink and properly using that information
- This specifies 120 ohm impedance twisted pair cable
with shielding. belongs to each component supplier connected
to the datalink.
-- The shielding greatly reduces the
communication link's
vulnerability to induced
electromagnetic
J1939 Overview
interference.
J The drain wire connects to a
shield pin on each controller
on the network.
- Shield pins are not the same
as ground connections; there
is circuitry between the shield
pin and the controller's ground
connection.
- The shield drain wire should
break out of the backbone in a
single location, preferably as
close to the center of the
backbone as possible.
- The shield wire should connect
directly to the battery ground
terminal or grounding buss
bar.
1
© 2005 General Motors Corporation. (11/05)
J1939 TCM and Selector Stub Interfaces
J1939 networks are laid out in a linear J Typically, all connectors on the backbone and
fashion. stubs are of the "plug" type, however "receptacle"
connectors may be used in some installations.
J Networks consist of a "backbone" with "stubs"
branching off to individual controllers or "nodes." - Stubs and nodes use orange or green wedge locks.
J Two 120 ohm termination resistors are required at J The backbone should be no more than 40 meters
each end of the backbone cable. (131 feet) in length.
- These resistors may be built into a receptacle - A stub includes the length of wiring on the node.
connector or plug connector that contains a blue - Length from the backbone to the node must be one
wedge lock. meter or less.
(continued)
J1939 Overview – TCM & Selector Stub Intefaces
Stub, Node, Plug & Receptacle Termination Resistor

TCM & Selector Stub Interfaces
J TCM and selector internal termination
resistors CANNOT be used with component
‘stub’ installations.
J TCM ‘pass through’ connections CANNOT
be used with TCM ‘stub’ installations.
2
J1939 TCM and Selector Stub Interfaces (continued)
Backbone & Shield Direct Stub Connection to Node
TCM & Shifter Diagnostic Connector

3
TCM J1939 Pass-Through Interface
TCM Pass-Through interface allows OEMs to Pass-Through interface requirements:

eliminate the stub-to-backbone splice required J Wires 108/128 and 148/168 are twisted pairs and
by traditional stub connection.
must have a twist rate of 16 (plus or minus 4)
J The J1939 backbone enters the TCM on one set twists per 300 mm (11.8 inches).
of pins and continues out through a second J Internal termination resistor pin 7 cannot be
set of pins.
connected when this interface option is used.
J The extremely short stub now actually resides J The J1939 shield drain wire must be connected
inside the TCM.
so that the shield remains continuous throughout
the backbone.
J The TCM cannot be connected at either end of
the backbone.
- The backbone must terminate with termination
resistor(s) and/or other controllers equipped
with an internal termination resistor.
J1939 Pass Through Interface

4
TCM and Selector J1939 Backbone Termination Interfaces
TCM and selector backbone interface allows J The jumper wire between pins 7 and 16 (7 and
elimination of one of the two external 28 on the TCM) should be kept as short as
termination resistors. possible.
J A jumper wire is used to connect an internal J Components must be clearly labeled as utilizing
termination resistor across CAN high and low. the internal termination resistor.
- This prevents technicians from believing that a
TCM and selector backbone termination termination resistor might be missing from the
requirements: backbone.
J Wires 8 and 15 (8 and 28 on the TCM) are a - Components must be connected at one of the two
twisted pair and must have a twist rate of 16 (plus ends of the J1939 backbone.
or minus 4) twists per 300 mm (11.8 inches). J TCM Pass-Through connections cannot be used
if the TCM internal termination resistor is utilized.
J The jumper wire between pins 7 and 16 (7 and
28 on the TCM) must be 120 ohm impedance
wire identical to that used throughout the rest of
the J1939 network.
J1939 Backbone Termination Interface
Backbone Termination Interface

J Components must be clearly labeled indicating
‘internal termination resistor’ use.
J TCM ‘pass through’ connections CANNOT be used if
the TCM internal termination resistor is utilized.
J Only 120 ohm impedance wire may be used for the
jumper wires.
J Jumper wire length should be kept to a minimum.
5
J1939 Single Frame Message
J1939 message delivery is very much like

shipping a package in the mail.
J The "shipping box" is a single CAN data frame.
J Shipping information for every single data frame
is in the J1939 29-bit identifier:
- Who is it from?
- Where is it going?
- How quickly does it need to get there?
- What are the contents?
-- The contents of the box are parameters in
data bytes 1 through 8.
J1939 Single Frame Message
6
J1939 Message & Parameter Overview: TCM Parameters Broadcast
This chart represents data broadcast from Acronyms and ABS............Anti-Lock Brake System
AFRI...........Auxiliary Function Range Input – Single
Input (Allison I/O function)
the TCM via J1939. Abbreviations AP ..............Accelerator Pedal
ASCII .........American Standard Code for Information
Interchange
J Items in gray (far right column of chart) are new ASR ...........Anti-Slip Regulation or Acceleration Slip
Regulation
or improved compared to the prior release. ATA ............American Trucking Association
ATC............Automatic Traction Control
BAM ...........J1939 Broadcast Announce Message
(continued) CAN ...........Controller Area Network
CCVS.........J1939 Cruise Control - Vehicle Speed
message
CI ...............J1939 Component Identification
message
D ................Drive
J1939 Message and Parameter Overview DA ..............J1939 Destination Address
DCE ...........Direction Change Enabled (Allison I/O
function)
DDT ...........J1939 Driver’s Demand – Percent
Torque parameter
DTC ...........Diagnostic Trouble Code
ECU ...........Electronic Control Unit
ECM ...........Engine or Electronic Control Module
EDT............J1939 Engine Demand – Percent
Torque parameter
EEC1 .........J1939 Electronic Engine Controller #1
message
message
message
EM..............Engineering Memorandum
ERC1 .........J1939 Electronic Retarder Controller #1
message
ETC1..........J1939 Electronic Transmission
Controller #1 message
FMI.............Failure Mode Identifier
FMVSS ......Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
GE..............J1939 Group Extension
GMLAN ......Proprietary General Motors
communication protocol
ISO.............International Organization for
Standardization
LCT ............Light Commercial Transmission; 1000 /
2000 Series
LSB ............Least Significant Byte
LRTP..........Lower Range Torque Protection System
(Allison feature)
ms ............. Milliseconds
MSB .......... Most Significant Byte
N................ Neutral
NA ............. Not available
OEM.......... Original Equipment Manufacturer
P................ Park
PCCS ........ Production Calibration Configuration
System
PDU .......... J1939 Protocol Data Unit
PF ............. J1939 PDU Format
PGN .......... J1939 Parameter Group Number
PID ............ J1587 Parameter Identifier
PS ............. J1939 PDU Specific
R................ Reverse
RP ............. Recommended Practice, as in SAE
RCFG........ J1939 Retarder Configuration message
RELS......... Reduced Engine Load at Stop (Allison
feature)
RMR.......... Retarder Modulation Request
RSG .......... Road Speed Governor
SA ............. J1939 Source Address
SBS........... Service Brake Status (Allison I/O
function)
SAE........... Society of Automotive Engineers
SEM .......... Shift Energy Management (Allison
feature)
SIP ............ J1939 Shift in Progress parameter
SOFT ........ J1939 Software Identification message
SPN........... J1939 Suspect Parameter Number
TC ............. Torque Converter
TC1 ........... J1939 Transmission Control #1
message
TCFG ........ J1939 Transmission Configuration
message
TCFG2 ...... J1939 Transmission Configuration
message #2
TCM .......... Transmission Control Module
TP.CM....... J1939 Transport Protocol – Connection
Management
TP.DT........ J1939 Transport Protocol – Data
Transfer
TSC1......... J1939 Torque / Speed Control #1
message
V9C ........... WTEC-III Version 9C software released
to production April 2003
VMRS........ Vehicle Maintenance Recording
Standard, specified by the American
Trucking Association
WATCH..... Worldwide Allison Transmission
Communication Hotline
WT ............ World Transmission
WTEC-III ... 3rd generation of Allison World
Transmission Electronic Controls
7
J1939 Message & Parameter Overview: TCM Parameters Received
This chart represents data received by the

TCM via J1939.
J Items in gray (far right column of chart) are new
or improved compared to the prior release.
J1939 Message and Parameter Overview
8
J1939 Message and Parameter Overview: Shift Selector Parameters
Broadcast and Received (3000/4000 Product Families)
This chart represents data received and

broadcast by 3000/4000 shift selectors
via J1939.
J Items in gray (far right column of chart) are new or

improved compared to the prior release.
J1939 Allison Shift Selector (3000/4000)
9
J1939 Message and Parameter Overview: TCM Parameter Sent Example
These charts demonstrate the J1939

messaging for a Shift Inhibit Indicator.
J This information is based on the most current
SAE source (effective with this workbook's
publication date).
J1939 Features: TCM Parameter Sent
J1939 Features: TCM Parameter Sent (example)
10
J1939 Diagnostics
A digital multi-meter (DMM) can be used to

detect datalink activity. J1939 Overview
J Voltages change extremely quickly and can cause
"meter float."
J DMMs are best suited to checking for proper
termination resistance or the presence of open or
shorted circuits in the network wiring.
A temporary backbone may help identify who

"owns" the problem.
J Connect the backbone between the engine and
transmission to eliminate potential problem
sources (vehicle wiring, interference from another
controller, etc.).
J If the problem ceases while the temporary
backbone is installed and returns when the OEM
backbone is reconnected, the problem is likely in
the OEM wiring.
(continued)
J1939 Overview – TCM & Selector Stub Intefaces

J TCM and selector internal termination resistors CANNOT be used with component ‘stub’ installations.
J TCM ‘pass through’ connections CANNOT be used with TCM ‘stub’ installations.
11
J1939 Diagnostics
Wiring and connectors are the number one J A measurement of 0 ohms indicates that there is
cause of problems in the field. a short between the CAN high and CAN low
wires in the network.
J Opens, shorts and CAN high being connected to
CAN low are among the most frequently - The short may be in the backbone itself or in one of
encountered issues. the stubs connecting it to a controller.
Open circuits in the CAN high (A) or CAN low

J1939 network requires a 120 ohm
(B) sides of the backbone or in any of the
termination resistor at each end of the
stubs can affect one or more controllers on
backbone.
the network.
J With all controllers powered off and both J While an open circuit in a stub will have the most
termination resistors in place, an ohmmeter
impact on the controller attached to that stub,
should read 60 ohms across terminals A and B of
other devices on the network which normally
the 3-way connector.
receive information or expect a response from
J With all controllers powered off and both that controller will be impacted as well.
termination resistors in place, an ohmmeter J When there are multiple nodes attached to the
should read 60 ohms across terminals C and D
network and their connectors are accessible, an
of the 9-way connector.
open circuit can be tracked by moving down the
- These tests can be performed with controllers backbone from stub to stub looking at the datalink
connected to the backbone because the impedance information present at each connector.
at the controllers is much higher than 60 ohms and
therefore does not affect the reading. - A difference in the amount of datalink traffic between
two connection points indicates there is likely an
open circuit somewhere on the stubs or the
J A measurement of 120 ohms typically indicates backbone between the two connections points.
that either one of the two termination resistors is
not in place or there is an open somewhere in the (continued)
backbone.
Termination Resistor

12
J1939 Diagnostics
Short circuits can occur in the following Improper calibration changes and software
J1939 backbone or stubs: upgrades are a major cause of problems in
the field.
J CAN high and CAN low.
J Can affect the operation of the Allison
J CAN high or CAN low and battery voltage.
transmission and/or the entire vehicle.
J CAN high or CAN low and ground. J If a particular transmission or vehicle function
J Short circuits are typically accompanied by error worked prior to a networked controller calibration
messages on multiple network controllers - for update but does not function properly afterward, it
example, datalink-based instrument clusters will is likely a customer-programmable value was
not function properly. changed (on one or more controllers) during the
update.
J Short circuits typically fall into one of the following
categories: - The same holds true for software upgrades.
- Mechanical failure - insulation cut or scraped
J From an Allison perspective, there are two
through, wire pinched, etc. common causes of miscalibration:
- Incorrectly wired pins on one or more of the - An internal autodetect process was completed by the
controllers. TCM before all of the appropriate controllers were
- Missing connector seal(s) allowing water connected to the J1939 datalink.
intrusion. - In this case, Allison DOC™ can be used to
reset the autodetect process.
Inducted noise tends to be a much greater
issue when J1939-15 cable is used. - A calibration was constructed with an incorrect
datalink package (as specified in PCCS).
J Maintain a minimum of 3 to 4 inches separation - In this case, a new calibration with the correct
from the following: package will have to be made.
- Solenoids J Engine TCM programming can affect
- Alternator transmission operation.
- Flasher modules - Electronic engines typically have many customer
- High output CB radio programmable issues that can affect transmission
operation, including:
- Starter motor
- Transmission type set incorrectly.
- Relays
- Incompatible engine governor selected.
- Any high-current switching device
- Engine brake (compression or exhaust)
J Inducted noise is typically a "driven" event
options set incorrectly.
associated with an activity that involves operation
- J1939 communication not activated.
of a high-current load near network wiring.
J Monitor datalink traffic under the following
conditions:
- Key switch on, operate every input the driver can
access (CB, blower motors, fans, air conditioning,
flashers, turn signals, lights, horns, etc.).
- Engine running, operate every vehicle function
possible (engine fan, air conditioning compressor,
operate the dump bed, etc.).
- If errors or pauses in datalink traffic are noted
during any specific activity, investigate the
network wiring near the associated
component(s).
13
Questions and Answers
(Circle all appropriate answers) 4) Allison 4th Generation Controls TCMs:

A. All require the same interface procedures
1) J1939: when connecting to the J1939 backbone.
A. Is not available for 3000/4000 Product B. Can be connected to the J1939 backbone
Families equipped with 4th Generation using a "pass-through" or "termination"
Controls. interface.
B. Consists of a five-wire cable which routes C. Must be upgraded using PCCS to enable any
around electrical equipment to help drain J1939 interface.
unwanted "noise."
D. Can be modified to include an internal
C. Enables integration of various vehicle termination resistor by simply opening the
components by providing a standard method TCM case and replacing a chip.
of exchanging information between vehicle
control modules.
5) Allison 4th Generation Controls shift
D. Must be specified when ordering the system selectors in 3000/4000 transmissions:
or it will not be enabled in the TCM.
A. Must be connected to the J1939 backbone as
a stub interface.
2) What is the primary difference between
J1939-11 and J1939-15? B. Are all pushbutton - no lever selectors can be
used with 4th Generation Controls.
A. There is no physical difference - the two are
virtually identical. C. Connect to the J1939 backbone using either a
stub or termination interface.
B. J1939-11 is typically used in applications
where long runs of cable are required and is D. Must be supplied by the OEM.
the best selection for Allison 4th Generation
Controls-equipped vehicles. 6) J1939 messages:
C. J1939-15 uses only one wire twisted with A. Typically do not include specific "addressing"
around a grounding shield for easier information - that data is contained in J1708
installation. messages.
D. J1939-15 is considered "lite" and is not B. Can be compared to shipping packages in the
recommended by Allison. mail including information about where the
message is going, what component sent the
3) A J1939 stub: message, and how quickly the message
needs to arrive.
A. Is required at least every 2 meters when
installing a J1939 backbone. C. Are always delivered directly to the
transmission TCM before being broadcast to
B. Must be at least 40 meters in length. any other vehicle controllers.
C. Is the term used to describe cable runs off the D. Can only be seen by the controller that
backbone to interface vehicle controllers. created the message.
D. Must include a dedicated ground which must (continued)
be interfaced using a wire separate from any
of the J1939 wires.
14
Questions and Answers
7) Most J1939 problems:

A. Can only be repaired by replacing the entire
backbone.
B. Are caused by wiring and connector issues.
C. Are generated by improperly-programmed
engine controllers.
D. Do not affect the overall performance of the
vehicle or transmission control system.
8) With all controllers powered off and

both termination resistors in place, how
many ohms should exist across 3-way
connector terminals A and B?
A. 30 ohms.
B. 120 ohms.
C. 60 ohms.
D. 20 ohms.
9) When troubleshooting the J1939

backbone, what does a reading of 120
ohms across 3-way connector terminals A
and B indicate?
A. A short between the CAN high and CAN low
network wires.
B. A short between the shield wire and ground.
C. This is a normal reading indicating the
backbone is in good condition.
D. An open or missing termination resistor(s) in
the backbone.
10) When troubleshooting the J1939

backbone, what does a reading of 0 ohms
across 3-way connector terminals A and B
indicate?
A. This is a normal reading indicating the
backbone is in good condition.
B. A short between the CAN high and CAN low
network wires.
C. A missing termination resistor.
D. A missing shield wire ground.
15

J1939 Datalink Communication

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J1939 Datalink Communication

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A L L I S O N 4 th G E N E R A T I O N C O N T R O L S S E R V I C E T R A I N I N G

J1939 Overview – TCM & Selector Stub Intefaces

Stub, Node, Plug & Receptacle Termination Resistor

Backbone & Shield Direct Stub Connection to Node

TCM & Shifter Diagnostic Connector

TCM & Selector Stub Interfaces

TCM Pass-Through interface allows OEMs to Pass-Through interface requirements:

J1939 Pass Through Interface

TCM & Selector Stub Interfaces

J1939 Backbone Termination Interface

Backbone Termination Interface

J1939 message delivery is very much like

J1939 Single Frame Message

This chart represents data received by the

J1939 Message and Parameter Overview

This chart represents data received and

J Items in gray (far right column of chart) are new or

J1939 Allison Shift Selector (3000/4000)

These charts demonstrate the J1939

J1939 Features: TCM Parameter Sent

J1939 Features: TCM Parameter Sent (example)

A digital multi-meter (DMM) can be used to

A temporary backbone may help identify who

J1939 Overview – TCM & Selector Stub Intefaces

TCM & Selector Stub Interfaces

Open circuits in the CAN high (A) or CAN low

TCM & Selector Stub Interfaces

(Circle all appropriate answers) 4) Allison 4th Generation Controls TCMs:

7) Most J1939 problems:

8) With all controllers powered off and

9) When troubleshooting the J1939

10) When troubleshooting the J1939

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