You are on page 1of 7

Consecutive polarizers arrangement

producing maximum polarized light intensity


Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 1719, 030056 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4943751
Published Online: 11 March 2016

Johannes V. D. Wirjawan

ARTICLES YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN

The Polarization of Light and Malus’ Law Using Smartphones


The Physics Teacher 55, 264 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1119/1.4981030

Polarization of light by reflection and the Brewster angle


American Journal of Physics 69, 1166 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1397457

Measurements of fluid viscosity using a miniature ball drop device


Review of Scientific Instruments 87, 054301 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4948314

AIP Conference Proceedings 1719, 030056 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4943751 1719, 030056

© 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.


&RQVHFXWLYH3RODUL]HUV$UUDQJHPHQW3URGXFLQJ0D[LPXP
3RODUL]HG/LJKW,QWHQVLW\
-RKDQQHV9':LUMDZDQD 
1
Department of Physics Education, Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya,
Jalan Kalijudan 37 Surabaya 60114 – INDONESIA

D
(PDLOZLUMDZDQ#XNZPVDFLG

$EVWUDFW3RODUL]HUPDLQO\IXQFWLRQVDVDVSHFLILFILOWHUWKDWEORFNVRUWUDQVPLWVOLJKWVRIFHUWDLQSRODUL]DWLRQ0DOXV¶ODZ
SUHGLFWV WKH DYHUDJH LQWHQVLW\ RI SRODUL]HG OLJKW SDVVLQJ D SRODUL]HU WKDW WUDQVPLWV FHUWDLQ SRODUL]DWLRQGLUHFWLRQ ZLOO EH
SURSRUWLRQDO WR WKH VTXDUHG FRVLQH RI DQJOH EHWZHHQ WKH WZR SRODUL]DWLRQ GLUHFWLRQV $UUDQJLQJ VHYHUDO SRODUL]HUV
FRQVHFXWLYHO\ZLWKYDULRXVWUDQVPLVVLRQGLUHFWLRQVZLOOSURGXFHYDULRXVILQDOLQWHQVLW\DVZHOODVILQDOSRODUL]HGGLUHFWLRQ
6SHFLILFDUUDQJHPHQWRIDQDUELWUDU\QXPEHU 1! RISRODUL]HUVSURGXFLQJPD[LPXPLQWHQVLW\RISRODUL]HGOLJKWZLOO
EHGLVFXVVHGLQWKLVSDSHU,QDGGLWLRQLQWHUHVWLQJSDWWHUQRIPD[LPXPYDOXHVRIVRPHWULJRQRPHWULFIXQFWLRQVWKDWDUH
GLIILFXOWWREHVROYHGDQDO\WLFDOO\FDQEHREWDLQHGIURPWKLVGLVFXVVLRQ

.H\ZRUGVSRODUL]HU0DOXV¶ODZSRODUL]HUVDUUDQJHPHQWPD[LPXPLQWHQVLW\
3$&6-D/W

,1752'8&7,21
1DWXUHVKRZVWKDWOLJKWDVSDUWRIHOHFWURPDJQHWLFSODQHZDYHVWUDYHOVDVWUDQVYHUVHZDYHVLQYDFXXP,WKDVEHHQ
NQRZQWKDWWUDQVYHUVHZDYHVKDYHVSHFLILFSRODUL]DWLRQSURSHUWLHV7KHUHIRUHRQHRIWKHOLJKWFRQVHTXHQFHVLVWKDWLW
KDVVSHFLILFSRODUL]DWLRQSODQHZKLFKLVGHILQHGDVWKHSODQHFRQWDLQLQJWKHHOHFWULFILHOG RVFLOODWLRQ DQGWKHZDYH
SURSDJDWLRQGLUHFWLRQV>@:HZLOOGLVFXVVRQO\OLQHDUO\SRODUL]HGOLJKW
1DWXUDOEHDPRIOLJKWVVXFKDVODPSOLJKWFRQVLVWVRIPDQ\LQGLYLGXDOOLJKWVFRPLQJIURPYDULRXVVRXUFHVGLIIHU
LQVSDFHIUHTXHQF\DQGSKDVH:KLOHHDFKRILQGLYLGXDOOLJKWPLJKWKDYHFHUWDLQSRODUL]DWLRQSODQHRULVSRODUL]HG
OLJKWIRUVKRUWWKHFRPELQDWLRQWKDWFRQVWLWXWHVQDWXUDOEHDPRIOLJKWVEHFRPHVXQSRODUL]HGLQWKHVHQVHWKDWWKH\KDYH
PDQ\ SRODUL]DWLRQ SODQHV LQ UDQGRP GLUHFWLRQV +RZHYHU VLQFH HOHFWURPDJQHWLF ZDYHV SURSDJDWH HOHFWULF DQG
PDJQHWLFYHFWRUILHOGRVFLOODWLRQVWKHFRPELQDWLRQRIWKHILHOGVDWDQ\SRLQWLQVSDFHFDQEHVXSHULPSRVHGUHVXOWLQJ
LQDVLQJOHYHFWRUILHOGIRUHDFKW\SH:HZLOOIRFXVWKHGLVFXVVLRQRQO\RQWKHHOHFWULFILHOGFRPSRQHQWWKDWPDNHVXS
WKHSRODUL]DWLRQSODQH)XUWKHUPRUHDQ\DUELWUDU\YHFWRUFDQDOZD\VEHGHFRPSRVHGLQWRWZRSHUSHQGLFXODUFRSODQDU
YHFWRUV7KHUHIRUHSHRSOHXVHGWRGHVFULEHDQDWXUDOEHDPRIOLJKWVDVDRQHGLUHFWLRQDOOLQHHTXLSSHGZLWKWZRWZR
GLUHFWLRQDODUURZVDVVKRZQLQ)LJ$WDQ\LQVWDQWWKHHOHFWULFILHOGFRPSRQHQWRIXQSRODUL]HGOLJKWDWDQ\SRLQW
DORQJLWVEHDPGLUHFWLRQPD\KDYHUDQGRPRULHQWDWLRQWKDWFDQEHGHFRPSRVHGLQWRWZRSHUSHQGLFXODUGLUHFWLRQVDV
GHVFULEHGE\WKHWZRWZRGLUHFWLRQDODUURZV



),*85(7KHV\PEROXVHGWRUHSUHVHQWXQSRODUL]HGOLJKW

The 4th International Conference on Theoretical and Applied Physics (ICTAP) 2014
AIP Conf. Proc. 1719, 030056-1–030056-6; doi: 10.1063/1.4943751
© 2016 AIP Publishing LLC 978-0-7354-1366-5/$30.00

030056-1
8QSRODUL]HGOLJKWFDQEHWUDQVIRUPHGLQWRSRODUL]HGOLJKWWKURXJKVHYHUDOZD\VWUDQVPLVVLRQUHIOHFWLRQUHIUDFWLRQ
DQGVFDWWHULQJ>@,QWKLVDUWLFOHZHZLOOOLPLWRXUGLVFXVVLRQRQO\WRWKHILUVWRQHSRODUL]DWLRQE\WUDQVPLVVLRQ

32/$5,=(5
&HUWDLQ PDWHULDOV KDYH YHU\ SHFXOLDU SURSHUWLHV LQ WHUPV RI LWV UHVSRQVH WR WKH LQFRPLQJ OLJKW ZDYHV WKH\ FDQ
VHOHFWLYHO\DEVRUEPRUHOLJKWLQRQHLQFLGHQWSODQHWKDQDQRWKHUDVWKHOLJKWSURJUHVVHVLQWRWKHPDWHULDO7KHUHIRUH
WKH OLJKW EHFRPHV PRUH DQG PRUH SRODUL]HG DV LW SURFHHGV 7KLV W\SH RI PDWHULDOV LV JHQHUDOO\ NQRZQ DV GLFKURLF
PDWHULDOVDQGRQHH[DPSOHRIWKLVLVWRXUPDOLQHDFODVVRIERURQVLOLFDWHVFU\VWDOV>@7KLVW\SHRIPDWHULDOVFDQLQ
JHQHUDOEHUHJDUGHGDVSRODUL]HU2QHRIFRPPHUFLDOPDWHULDOVIUHTXHQWO\NQRZQDV3RODURLGVHUYHVWKHVDPHIXQFWLRQ
DVSRODUL]HUE\PHDQVRIVHOHFWLYHDEVRUSWLRQ
7KXVSRODUL]HUVWURQJO\WUDQVPLWVOLJKWVKDYLQJSRODUL]DWLRQSODQHVLQFHUWDLQGLUHFWLRQNQRZQDVWUDQVPLVVLRQ
D[LVDQGVWURQJO\DEVRUEVOLJKWVKDYLQJSRODUL]DWLRQSODQHVSHUSHQGLFXODUWRWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQD[LV,IXQSRODUL]HGOLJKW
LVLQFLGHQWWRDQLGHDOSRODUL]HUWKHWUDQVPLWWHGOLJKWEHFRPHVOLQHDUO\SRODUL]HGOLJKWZLWKSRODUL]DWLRQSODQHSDUDOOHO
WRWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQD[LVRIWKHSRODUL]HU5HJDUGLQJWKHUDQGRPO\RULHQWHGRIWKHSRODUL]DWLRQSODQHVRIWKHLQFLGHQW
OLJKWWKHWUDQVPLWWHGOLJKWRQO\WDNHVWKHSDUDOOHOFRPSRQHQWRIWKHHOHFWULFILHOGVWRWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQD[LV6LQFHWKH
LQWHQVLW\RIOLJKWLVSURSRUWLRQDOWRWKHVTXDUHRIWKHHOHFWULFILHOGDIWHUDYHUDJLQJRYHUWKHDOOSRVVLEOHGLUHFWLRQVZH
REWDLQDERXWKDOIRIWKHLQFRPLQJLQWHQVLW\RIWKHOLJKWLVWUDQVPLWWHG

0DOXV¶/DZ
,IDQLQFLGHQWSRODUL]HGOLJKWKDYLQJLQWHQVLW\RI,HQWHUVDSRODUL]HUZLWKDWUDQVPLVVLRQD[LVPDNHVDQDQJOHRIș
ZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHSRODUL]DWLRQSODQHWKHWUDQVPLWWHGOLJKWZLOOKDYHLQWHQVLW\

 I I  FRV T   

DQGLWVSRODUL]DWLRQSODQHLVSDUDOOHOWRWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQD[LVRIWKHSRODUL]HU7KLVVWDWHPHQWLVNQRZQDVWKH0DOXV¶
ODZ>@
7KHIDFWWKDWLQWHQVLW\RILQFLGHQWXQSRODUL]HGOLJKWUHGXFHVWRRQHKDOIRILWVLQLWLDOYDOXHDIWHUSDVVLQJWKURXJKD
SRODUL]HUFDQEHH[SODLQHGE\0DOXV¶ODZ6LQFHWKHLQFLGHQWOLJKWFRQVLVWVRIPDQ\SRODUL]DWLRQSODQHVWKHQLQJHQHUDO
WKHUHZLOOEHPDQ\șLWKDWFRUUHVSRQGVWRHYHU\SRODUL]DWLRQSODQH7KHUHIRUHWKHWUDQVPLWWHGOLJKWRIHDFKFRPSRQHQW
FRQWDLQVDIDFWRURIFRV șL,WLVWKHDYHUDJHRIWKLVIDFWRURYHUDOOSRVVLEOHSRODUL]DWLRQSODQHGLUHFWLRQWKDWJLYHVWKH
IDFWRURIRQHKDOIWRWKHWUDQVPLWWHGSRODUL]HGOLJKWLIXQSRODUL]HGLQFLGHQWOLJKWHQWHUVDSRODUL]HU

08/7,3/(32/$5,=(56
6XSSRVH WKDW ZH KDYH WZR SRODUL]HUV ZLWK WKHLU WUDQVPLVVLRQ D[HV RULHQWHG SHUSHQGLFXODU WR HDFK RWKHU 7KLV
DUUDQJHPHQWRISRODUL]HUVLVJHQHUDOO\NQRZQDVFURVVHGSRODUL]HUV$SSO\LQJ0DOXV¶ODZWRDQLQFLGHQWOLJKWWRWKH
ILUVW SRODUL]HU ZLOO UHVXOW LQ D SRODUL]HG OLJKW ZLWK SRODUL]DWLRQ SODQH SDUDOOHO WR WKH WUDQVPLVVLRQ D[LV RI WKH ILUVW
SRODUL]HU&RQWLQXLQJRXUREVHUYDWLRQWRWKHSDWKRIWKLVOLJKWZHQRWLFHWKDWZKHQLWFRPHVWRWKHVHFRQGSRODUL]HU
QRQHRILWFDQJHWWKURXJKWKHVHFRQGSRODUL]HUEHFDXVHLWVSRODUL]DWLRQSODQHLVSHUSHQGLFXODUWRWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQD[LV
RIWKHVHFRQGSRODUL]HU

7KUHH3RODUL]HU$UUDQJHPHQW
:KDW KDSSHQV LI ZH LQVHUW DQRWKHU SRODUL]HU LQ WKH SODFH EHWZHHQ WKH FURVVHG SRODUL]HUV" :LOO WKHUH EH DQ\
WUDQVPLWWHGOLJKW"7KHUHVXOWZLOOFHUWDLQO\GHSHQGRQWKHRULHQWDWLRQRIWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQD[LVRIWKHDGGHGSRODUL]HU
:HFDQDSSO\0DOXV¶ODZWRSUHGLFWWKHUHVXOW
,QDQWLFLSDWLQJWKHODWHUGLVFXVVLRQOHWXVFDOOWKHFURVVHGSRODUL]HUVUHVSHFWLYHO\DV3 DQG31ZKLOHWKHLQVHUWHG
SRODUL]HUDV3$VVKRZQLQ)LJWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQD[LVRI3PDNHVDQDQJOHRIĮDQGȕUHVSHFWLYHO\ZLWKUHVSHFWWR
WKDWRI3DQG317KHXQSRODUL]HGOLJKWHQWHULQJWKHILUVWSRODUL]HUZLOOEHFRPHSRODUL]HGOLJKWZLWKSRODUL]DWLRQSODQH
SDUDOOHOWRWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQD[LVRIWKHILUVWSRODUL]HU,WZLOOHYHQWXDOO\HQWHUWKHVHFRQGSRODUL]HU$JDLQVRPHSDUW
RIWKHSRODUL]HGOLJKWFDQSDVVWKHVHFRQGSRODUL]HUDQGWKHSRODUL]DWLRQSODQHRIWKHOLJKW LVQRZSDUDOOHOZLWKWKH

030056-2
WUDQVPLVVLRQD[LVRIWKHVHFRQGSRODUL]HU7KHUHIRUHWKHSRODUL]DWLRQSODQHRIWKHOLJKWLVQRORQJHUSHUSHQGLFXODUWR
WKHWUDQVPLVVLRQD[LVRIWKHODVWSRODUL]HU 31 UHVXOWLQJLQWKHQRQ]HURLQWHQVLW\RIWKHWUDQVPLWWHGOLJKWE\3 1



),*85($SRODUL]HU3LVLQVHUWHGEHWZHHQWKHFURVVHGSRODUL]HUV 3DQG31 

6LQFHWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQD[HVRIWKHFURVVHGSRODUL]HUVDUHSHUSHQGLFXODUWRHDFKRWKHULWLVFOHDUWKDW

S
 DE   


,IWKHLQFLGHQWOLJKWLVDQXQSRODUL]HGOLJKWZLWKLQWHQVLW\RI, WKHQDSSO\LQJ0DOXV¶ODZZHZLOOJHW

 I  I    
 I 
 I  FRV D 

 
 IN 
 I  FRV D ˜ FRV E 
 
 

6XEVWLWXWLQJ(T  LQWR(T  ZHREWDLQ

 IN 
 I  VLQ  D    

,WLVREYLRXVIURP(T  WKDWWKH PD[LPXPYDOXHRI, 1 ZLOOEHREWDLQHGLIĮ  ȕ ʌDQGLWVYDOXH ZLOOEH
PLQLPXPLIĮ $Q\RWKHUYDOXHVRIĮZLOOUHVXOW,1LQWKHUDQJHEHWZHHQDQGǩ,7KXVWKHDQVZHUWRWKHSUHYLRXV
TXHVWLRQZKHWKHURUQRWWKHUHZLOOEHDQ\WUDQVPLWWHGOLJKWLVGHSHQGLQJRQWKHRULHQWDWLRQRUWKHDUUDQJHPHQWRIWKH
WUDQVPLVVLRQD[HVRIWKHWKUHHSRODUL]HUV

)RXU3RODUL]HU$UUDQJHPHQW
,WLVUHODWLYHO\HDV\WRILQGWKHDUUDQJHPHQWRIWKUHHFRQVHFXWLYHSRODUL]HUVUHVXOWLQJLQPD[LPXPLQWHQVLW\RIWKH
WUDQVPLWWHGSRODUL]HGOLJKW6XSSRVHWKDWZHLQVHUWDQRWKHUSRODUL]HU3 EHWZHHQWKHSRODUL]HUV3DQG31+RZGRZH
DUUDQJHWKHRULHQWDWLRQRIWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQD[HVRI3 DQG3EHWZHHQWKHFURVVHGSRODUL]HUV3DQG31LQVXFKDZD\
WKDWWKH\ZLOOSURGXFHPD[LPXPLQWHQVLW\RIWUDQVPLWWHGSRODUL]HGOLJKW"

030056-3
7RDQVZHUWKHDERYHTXHVWLRQZHZLOOSURFHHGDVEHIRUH/HWXVFDOOWKHDQJOHVEHWZHHQWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQD[HVRI
WZR FRQVHFXWLYH SRODUL]HUV 3 DQG 3 3 DQG 3 3 DQG 31 UHVSHFWLYHO\ DV Į ȕ DQG Ȗ 6LQFH 3  DQG 31 DUH
SHUSHQGLFXODUWRHDFKRWKHUWKHQZHREWDLQ

S
 D  E J   


$VVXPLQJWKDWWKHLQFLGHQWOLJKWLVDQXQSRODUL]HGOLJKWZLWKLQWHQVLW\RI, WKHQDSSO\LQJ0DOXV¶ODZZHILQGWKDW
(T  DQG(T  DUHVWLOOYDOLG+RZHYHU(T  DQG(T  DUHQRORQJHUWUXH&RQWLQXLQJWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIWKH
0DOXV¶ODZZHREWDLQ

 I 
 I  FRV D ˜ FRV E   
 IN 
 I  FRV D ˜ FRV E ˜ FRV J 
  
 

*LYHQWKHUHODWLRQVKLSVDPRQJĮȕDQGȖDVLQ(T  LWLVQRWHDV\WRILQGWKHPD[LPXPYDOXHRI, 1LQ(T  
7KHVWUDLJKWIRUZDUGZD\WRILQGWKHPD[LPXPYDOXHRI(T  ZLWKWKHJLYHQFRQVWUDLQWRI(T  LVE\DSSO\LQJ
H[WUHPXPUHTXLUHPHQWLQFDOFXOXVWKDWLVVHWWLQJWKHGHULYDWLYHVRI(T  DQG(T  WR]HUR$VRPHZKDWPRUH
DGYDQFHGPHWKRGLVXVLQJ/DJUDQJHPXOWLSOLHUWHFKQLTXH>@)RUWXQDWHO\LWWXUQVRXWWKDWWKHUHLVHDVLHUZD\WRGRLW
E\ORRNLQJDWWKHV\PPHWU\RIWKHSUREOHP
$ FORVHU H[DPLQDWLRQ RQ WKH UHVXOW REWDLQHG LQ WKH WKUHHSRODUL]HU DUUDQJHPHQW VKRZV WKDW WKH VROXWLRQ IRU
PD[LPL]LQJWKHYDOXHRIWKHWUDQVPLWWHGSRODUL]HGOLJKWFRUUHVSRQGLQJWRWKHV\PPHWU\RIDUUDQJHPHQWRIWKHWKUHH
SRODUL]HUV7KHVROXWLRQĮ ȕ ʌLVWKHV\PPHWU\RIWKHRULHQWDWLRQRIWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQD[HVRIWKHWKUHHSRODUL]HUV
,PSO\LQJWKHVDPHV\PPHWU\WRWKHIRXUSRODUL]HUDUUDQJHPHQWZHJHWWKHVROXWLRQ

S
 D E J   


7KLVOHDGVWRWKHPD[LPXPYDOXHRIWKHWUDQVPLWWHGSRODUL]HGOLJKW

§S ·
 IN 
 I  FRV  ¨ ¸   
©¹

7KLV UHVXOW LV UHDG\ WR EH JHQHUDOL]HG WR DQ\ QXPEHU RI SRODUL]HUV DUUDQJHPHQW WKDW ZLOO SURGXFH PD[LPXP
WUDQVPLWWHGSRODUL]HGOLJKW

13RODUL]HU$UUDQJHPHQW
/HWXVVWDUWZLWKFURVVHGSRODUL]HUVDVWKHLQLWLDOFRQGLWLRQDVEHIRUH7KHQZHVXFFHVVLYHO\LQVHUWRWKHUSRODUL]HUV
XQWLOZHWRWDOO\JHW1!SRODUL]HUV:HUDLVHWKHVDPHTXHVWLRQKRZWRDUUDQJHWKHRULHQWDWLRQRIWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQ
D[HVRIWKHSRODUL]HUVLQRUGHUWRJHWPD[LPXPLQWHQVLW\RIWKHWUDQVPLWWHGSRODUL]HGOLJKWLIXQSRODUL]HGLQFLGHQWOLJKW
VWULNHVWKHILUVWSRODUL]HU+DYLQJIRXQGVXFKDUUDQJHPHQWZKDWLVWKHPD[LPXPLQWHQVLW\WKDWZHZLOOJHW"
)ROORZLQJWKHDUJXPHQWDVGHVFULEHGDERYHZHZLOODSSO\0DOXV¶ODZ1WLPHV7KHILUVWDSSOLFDWLRQZLOOJLYHD
IDFWRURIRQHKDOIDQGWKHQHDFKRIWKHIROORZLQJDSSOLFDWLRQZLOOUHVXOWLQWKHIDFWRURIFRV RIWKHDQJOHEHWZHHQ
WUDQVPLVVLRQD[HVRIWZRVXFFHVVLYHSRODUL]HUV&RQVLGHULQJWKHFRQVWUDLQWVRQWKHDQJOHVEHWZHHQWUDQVPLVVLRQD[HV
RIWZRVXFFHVVLYHSRODUL]HUVZHZLOOILQGWKHVROXWLRQRIWKHDUUDQJHPHQWLVVDWLVILHGE\

S
 D E    
 N  

DQGWKHPD[LPXPYDOXHRIWKHWUDQVPLWWHGSRODUL]HGOLJKWZLOOEH

030056-4
§ S ·
IN 
 I  FRV N  ¨¨ ¸¸  
©  N   ¹

',6&866,21
:H FRQVLGHU SRODUL]HU DV DQ LGHDO ILOWHU VHOHFWLYHO\ DOORZLQJ SRODUL]HG OLJKW LQ FHUWDLQ GLUHFWLRQ ZKLOH VWURQJO\
DEVRUELQJSRODUL]HGOLJKWLQWKHGLUHFWLRQSHUSHQGLFXODUWRWKHILUVWGLUHFWLRQ7KLVLGHDOL]DWLRQFDQQRWEHPHWSHUIHFWO\
LQSUDFWLFHEXWLWZRUNVZHOODVWKHILUVWDSSUR[LPDWLRQ$FFXUDWHPHDVXUHPHQWVKRZVWKDWW\SLFDOO\SRODUL]HUWUDQVPLWV
PRUHWKDQRIOLJKWKDYLQJSRODUL]DWLRQSODQHSDUDOOHOWRLWVWUDQVPLVVLRQD[LVDQGRQO\WUDQVPLWVOHVVWKDQRI
OLJKWKDYLQJSRODUL]DWLRQSODQHSHUSHQGLFXODUWRLWVWUDQVPLVVLRQD[LV>@7KHUHIRUHWKHQXPEHUVWKDWFRUUHVSRQGWR
PD[LPXPLQWHQVLW\RIWUDQVPLWWHGSRODUL]HGOLJKWLQWKLVSDSHUFDQEHUHJDUGHGDVWKHXSSHUOLPLWV
,WLVLQWHUHVWLQJWRQRWHWKDWVWDUWLQJZLWKFURVVHGSRODUL]HUVWKDWGRQRWWUDQVPLWDQ\OLJKWZHHQGXSZLWKSURGXFLQJ
SRODUL]HGOLJKWE\LQVHUWLQJSRODUL]HULQEHWZHHQWKHFURVVHGSRODUL]HUVDVVKRZQLQ(T  ,WLVJHWWLQJPRUHDQGPRUH
LQWHUHVWLQJDVZHFRQWLQXDOO\DGGWKHQXPEHURISRODUL]HUVLQVHUWHGLQEHWZHHQWKHFURVVHGSRODUL]HUV,WFDQEHVHHQ
IURP(T  WKDWWKH PD[LPXPLQWHQVLW\RIWKHWUDQVPLWWHGSRODUL]HGOLJKWLQFUHDVHV ZLWKWKHQXPEHURILQVHUWHG
SRODUL]HUV,QWKHPRVWH[WUHPHFDVHDVWKHQXPEHURILQVHUWHGSRODUL]HUVWHQGVWRLQILQLW\WKHPD[LPXPLQWHQVLW\RI
WKHWUDQVPLWWHGOLJKWDSSURDFKHVò,7KLVPHDQVWKDWDVVXPLQJWKHLGHDOFRQGLWLRQWKHVXFFHVVLYHSRODUL]HUVDUUDQJHG
LQ VXFK D ZD\ WKDW WKHLU WUDQVPLVVLRQ D[HV DUH WLOWHG UHJXODUO\ OLWWOH E\ OLWWOH IURP DQ LQLWLDO RULHQWDWLRQ XQWLO ILQDO
RULHQWDWLRQEHKDYHDVLIWKH\ZHUHURWDWLQJWKHSRODUL]DWLRQSODQHRIWKHOLJKWVORZO\IURPWKHLQLWLDOWRILQDORULHQWDWLRQ
7KLVVLWXDWLRQLVVLPLODUWRSRODUL]HGOLJKWSDVVLQJWKURXJKDVLQJOHFU\VWDOVXFKDVTXDUW]RUWKURXJKVXJDULQOLTXLG
VWDWHRUVROXWLRQWKDWKDVRSWLFDODFWLYLW\WRURWDWHWKHSODQHRILQFLGHQWOLQHDUO\SRODUL]HGOLJKW>@
$QRWKHULQWHUHVWLQJIDFWLVIRXQGLQWKLVVWXG\$GHWDLOFDOFXODWLRQRQWKHHIIRUWRIILQGLQJWKHPD[LPXPYDOXHRI
WKH WUDQVPLWWHG OLJKW E\ VRPH SRODUL]HU DUUDQJHPHQW FDQ EH REWDLQHG PXFK HDVLHU E\ REVHUYLQJ WKH SDWWHUQ DQG
V\PPHWU\ RI WKH SUREOHP 7KLV FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHG DV SK\VLFV LQWXLWLRQ FDQ KHOS XV UHGXFH WKH KDUG ZD\ WR GR WKH
FDOFXODWLRQ

&21&/86,21
:HVWXGLHGFRQVHFXWLYHSRODUL]HUVDUUDQJHPHQWWRSURGXFHPD[LPXPLQWHQVLW\RIWUDQVPLWWHGSRODUL]HGOLJKW$IWHU
FRQVLGHULQJ DOO 1SRODUL]HU DUUDQJHPHQW IRU 1 !  ZH REWDLQ JHQHUDO VROXWLRQ WKDW PD[LPXP LQWHQVLW\ RI WKH
WUDQVPLWWHGSRODUL]HGOLJKWFDQEHDFKLHYHGLIWKHUHLVV\PPHWULHVLQWKHRULHQWDWLRQRIWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQD[HVRIWKH
SRODUL]HUVLQWKHDUUDQJHPHQW7KHDQJOHEHWZHHQWUDQVPLVVLRQD[HVRIDQ\WZRFRQVHFXWLYHSRODUL]HUVPXVWEHHTXDO
WRʌGLYLGHGE\WKHQXPEHURISRODUL]HUVLQWKHDUUDQJHPHQWPLQXVRQHRUʌ 1 7KHDUUDQJHPHQWPXVWEHVXFK
WKDWWKHRULHQWDWLRQRIWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQD[LVRIWKHSRODUL]HUVLQWKHV\VWHPLQFUHDVHVLQFUHPHQWDOO\IURPWKHILUVWWRWKH
ODVW
7KHPD[LPXPLQWHQVLW\RIWKHWUDQVPLWWHGOLJKWSURGXFHGE\WKH1FRQVHFXWLYHSRODUL]HUVDUUDQJHGDVDERYHHTXDOV
WRWKHSURGXFWRILQWHQVLW\RIWKHOLJKWWUDQVPLWWHGE\WKHILUVWSRODUL]HUDQGWKHHTXDO0DOXV¶IDFWRURQHDFKVXFFHVVLYH
SRODUL]HUVVXFKDVVKRZQLQ(T  

$&.12:/('*0(176
7KHDXWKRUZRXOGOLNHWRH[WHQGKLVJUDWLWXGHWR3URI6XJLPLQ::IRUWKHHQMR\DEOHGLVFXVVLRQDQGWRWKH3K\VLFV
(GXFDWLRQ 6WXG\ 3URJUDP RI :LG\D 0DQGDOD &DWKROLF 8QLYHUVLW\ :0&8  6XUDED\D IRU WKH IXOO VXSSRUW LQ WKH
SURFHVVRIFRPSOHWLQJWKLVVWXG\

5()(5(1&(6
 5$6HUZD\DQG-:-HZHWWPhysics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics,%HOPRQW&$7KRPVRQ
/HDUQLQJSS±
 7+HQGHUVRQPolarization, http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/light/Lesson-1/Polarization ODVWDFFHVVRQ
6HSW 

030056-5
 &5 1DYH +\SHUSK\VLFV  Polarization by Absorption, http://astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/polabs.html#c2 ODVW
DFFHVVRQ6HSW 
 )/ 3HGURWWL /6 3HGURWWL DQG /0 3HGURWWL Introduction to Optics, 3rd Ed. 6DQ )UDQFLVFR &$ 3HDUVRQ 
$GGLVRQ:HVOH\SS± 
 0/%RDVMathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences. 3rd Ed+RERNHQ1--RKQ:LOH\ 6RQV
SS±

030056-6

You might also like