TUE rch-Pouna Units EY iematinat systom of Units Guide for Shear Reinforcement for Slabs Reported by Joint AC-ASCE Committee 421 chp Ogee ACI 4211R-20PK cen : first Printing Gci pF eee January 2020 a ISBN: 9784-64195-089-3 Guide for Shear Reinforcement for Slabs Copyright by the American Conerete Institute, Farmington Hills MI. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of ACL ‘The technical committees responsible for ACT committee reportsand standards striveto avoid ambiguities, omissions, and errors in these documents. 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Onder information: ACI documents are available in print, by dovnload, through electronic subscription or reprint and may he abcained by contacting ACL Most AC standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised the ACL Collection of Concrete Codes, Specifications, and Practices. American Concrete Institute ‘38800 Country Club Drive Farmington Mills, MI 48331 Phone: 71.248.848,3700 Fax: 412488483701 www.conerete.org,ACI 421.1R-20 Guide for Shear Reinforcement for Slabs Reported by Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 421 ato Eien Pik Cars ‘iin Gate con Manin DeMox Nene Gi Swnilons Mey Amy M Reinke Types See iedG, Soy Singin ysad geno Mains ‘Consulting Merabers gee Pa Han ayy ey Special acknowledgments 0 Simon J. Brown, Ramez Bowos Gaye Amin Ghali, Neil L. Hammill, Mahmoud B, Kamara, Jans S. Lai, Mustafa A. Mahan and Amny’M. Reinche Trygsta for their contibuons to this guide eats beetle hatching shar nalabs canbe ectvey essed by reinfemert consisting of vad res meee aichredaitoy and tot tas ACT3T 000 the pele (es jor sa Seay reforceneacandnekes pect neererce io suirupe al ead nas Ts pale reviews vate pes ‘and makes econ Jr ther design. Te appt of ‘exe recommendations i stated igh memerca example Suk tna asa ese cnc pu Shaw Se! Mas ‘Se eon wera le CONTENTS. CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE, p.2 1 -Anestuctin, 9.2 12-S20p0, 9.2 13 -Exelaton ofthe practice 2 ACI Conmitoo Repers, Guides, and Comments to intended fr since pling Geng eceing, Inspecting cnatucton ths oeumertis ied forthe ws ‘raise hare competent teva the sigan fd inion of as conten od reeramendt ins and ws wn acct expnsbity Bre splint of tear Suntan, The American Comite tinge dian ay od Si responibliy forthe sted principle. The las ball txt hale Sranylosordavageasing hoe Refensce to his document shal tbe mae hr conrst dearest liens bund ttn desu re dented by the AxmieevEngiis toes pa of thecomtact dearer the shal ees nmsncey lngssye fe neers by te Ahisc gina (CHAPTER 2—NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS, p.2 2.4—Nonaion 9.2 22—Defintions p.3 (CHAPTER 3—AOLE OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT, pa (CHAPTER 4—PUNCHING SHEAR DESIGN EQUATIONS, p. 4 4.1—Strength eouiremenp. 4 42—Caleulvion officiel shou sre Fe 9.4 43Cateulaion of sear stenath», 9-6 $4 Design procedure, 9.9 (CHAPTER 5—PRESTRESSED SLABS, p.9 |—Nowinal shear stength 9.9 (CHAPTER 6 TOLERANCES, p. 10 (CHAPTER 7—MOMENT TRANSFER AT SLAB- ‘COLUMN CONNECTION, p. 10. 7.4—Shea seas doe to moment tansfer Mas 10 72—Reduciovof ys 9.1 75 Anehocage of shes teinforcement, 1 ACTER pers ACR wma mie ay ‘apse 25 Arta Comat Nine mor cc ri rena na rh ‘Seton ce ten nes rene ran inloea ‘StacainayLoobijerodaleounc declan ponte ‘Send bc oma part oD2 (GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 42.120) 74 —Laycut of shea reinforcement, p12 75 Miniruan shea einforesmert, p12 (CHAPTER 8REFERENCES, p. 12 ‘Authored doeurens p12 ‘APPENDIX A—DETAILS OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT, p. 14 ‘A.d—Grometry of shear reinforcement, p14 .2—Siod amangemens, p14 ‘A3—Siud length p. 1S ‘APPENDIX B—PROPERTIES OF CRITICAL ‘SECTIONS OF GENERAL SHAPE, p. 16 ‘APPENDIX C—VALUES OF v, WITHIN SHEAR- REINFORCED ZONE, p. 17 APPENDIX D—DESIGN EXAMPLES, p.21 'D.1—Inerorcolum-slab connection, p. 21 D.2-kalgecoluranslb conection, p.23 1D.3—Cornercolumslab connection p. 24 Did—Presessed slab-column connection, p25 (CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE 1 introduction In flaplte lors slab-colunn connections are sujoced \ohigh shar tresses pedoced by the easter ofthe ner forces betwcen the columns and the slabs. ACT S18-14 Scotion 7.6.1 allons the ie of shear renforserent for labs and feng in the form of buts, asin the vertical exs ‘fscrups. ACT 318 emplasizes he importance of anchurage etal: and accurate placement ofthe shear reinforcement ‘apocally in thin slabs, ACISL8-14 Section 87.7 pemnits healed shear siud reinforcement eonforming. ty ASTM. AlO44/A 084M. A general procedure for evahaion of the ‘puneling shear stength of lab-column contectionsis given inACL 31814 Section 8.53, ‘Shea reinforcement consisting of vertical ros (sds) or the equivalent, mochanislly anhord at each end, can be ‘uso In his guide ll types of mechanically anchored shea reinforcement are refered Wo ae shear hid or sti To be fully effective, the anchorage shouldbe capable of devel ‘oping the spocol yield stength ofthe studs, The mechan- ‘eal anchor age cam be ebtaine by heads or srps connec to the stds by welding, The heads can also be formed by forging the stud ends 1.2-Seope Recommendation inthis guide ore forthe design of shoar reinforcement in slabs The desi isinaccondanes with ACL SIS. Numevical design examples are included 18-Evolution of the practice Extensive tests Dyer ane Ghil 19815 Awd 19819, Yan der Vos eal. IAD; Moki sta. 1945; Egatry and Ghali 1987; Mottin and Ghali 1991; Dilger and Shia (aciy Ameen Core stu ~Cayitng OMA deh wrvconersea ° » 0.560- ps on H b il. Be 33 Stel tape, eg 3 Soham tee E wm meee | aa | oe bar a 23D, {0D Fig. 13e—Std assonblics conforming to ASIM A044) ALON a) singleshaded souls welded tow base ral and (@) doubiesteaded studs cramped into. wel channel + Shearreinfccereat “| hee Tae ae 5 Fig. 18b—top view of flat plate showing arrangement of shear enforcement in vcinty of eerir clan. 1989; C0 1993; Broven and Dilger 1994; Mogaly 1998; Dirkle 2004; Ricci and Ghali 2008; Gayod and Ghali 2006) have confined the fsck veess of tnechan tmchoret shear reinforcement, sich a shown fn Fig. 1.5 ‘m inoreasing the stoagth and duciity of slab-column comections subjected 1 consentric punching or punching ‘combined with moment Si assombliescorsisting ofeither a single head sud atached to soot base ral by welding (Fix, 1.26(0) or double-headed tins mechanically erimped lino nonsvetral set channel Fig. 13a) specitiah i ASTM AIUGYAIDIIM, Figurs 3b is atop view of @ slabtha! showsatypical amangement of shear reinforcement (strupleps oF sie) inthe vieiniy of an interior coburn. ‘ACLS cequires that he spacing betwen aden timp logs or sta, measured the fit peripheral ie of shear reinforcement, be equal to ot fess thu 2d. Recomsnendar Hons forthe dances sands ae given in Chapter CHAPTER 2—NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS 2.1—Notation A= axaofconert of essumoderitcal tin, in?(nm))(GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 421.19-20) a A= cross-sectional area of shear reinforcement on one Peripheral line pall to permoter of cohamn Section, in2 (om?) ‘a, = kenuthofperimeter of ential section in ram) ene; = ear cancels cover of rsiaforeanert 0 bot and iop slab surfaces, respectively ia. (mm) 406; = sv ofreetanular column messured in wo cethog- ‘onal spandirestions, x andy respectively, in (ra) = sual damete in. anm) d= elfecuve depth of la: average of distance fern ‘euteme compression fiber 1 centroids of tension reinforcements runing in (wo onhogonal diec> tions, i. (mm) h, ~ nomial danck of fexual iafarcing eri.) JE = speared compressive strength of cette, psi(MP3) diy = average spliting teil stength of ligiweight, aggreaate concrete, psi (MPa) fo = average value of compressive ses in concrete in 0 directions (afer allowance for all pretress Tose) at ertoid of eros socin, psi (MPa) Jy = spciied yield strength of shear enforcement, psi (Ma) = disance between adjacent sirup ys or ls, ‘measured in a direction parallel oa column face, in.Cum = ovens hcknessof sad in. (mm) J. = propery of assumed ethical section, dofinad by AACE319.as analogous o pela meme of inertia, in (omy an Jas= property of assumed ertcal seton of ary shape, ‘qual td mukilied by second moment of peti ‘er about x of yan, respectively (Appendbs 8), in (a!) ines prouet of inertia of asus shea erica sstion about nonprinepal acer Fann ra) 1. = kena of semen of assumed stitial section, in, tomm 41, = over specifi’ height of headed stud assembly including anchors, n(n) 45, = pojectons of aseumed ential ston on principal anes. and yi, (mm) Joba kesh of Sides in and nections of ttc ‘scton at 2 fom coun fae, (m9) Jayha™ length of sides i and y-dhicctions of ctticl scl at d2 outside oueritost eps of shew eine forcement, i. (mn) Mow Mey = fictoral sb momenis sited by sunporing column about censoial principal anes and y of assumed critical section, Iv. (2) ™, factored slab moment rvistd by column about the ‘entoidal nonrinsipals oF Fans Brin, (-) SES tren reid by column aoc se toe com's il Ben a) 4} Stance carer npr eaieoag Saplecks spcingerween peripheral lines shear reinforce ‘wax, i. (9) se = spacing betwoon fi! peripheral fine of shear reine forsement an column fee in. (mm) Vy = vettical component ofall efecive presse farcos ‘crossing te teal section, Ib CN) Fy facona shear fore, [o() Ye = nominal shear stimgth provided by concrete in presence of shear reinforcer. pi (MPa) a= nominal shew sengthateiical ection, ps (MPa) %* nominal shew strength providedby shear einfoee- nents MPa) ve = mawinum shear res due to factored ores, psi (niPay vag = soperimposeldeat foal pe unite, bit G/?) 45) = coordinates ef point on poimetar of shear eriteal section with respect to centoial principal axes © andy im (mn) 5. ~ coordinates of point on perimeter of shear eiial ‘ction with respect wo cerca nonpricipal axes and Fin. tr) 4% = dimensionless cooficint ¢qul to 49, 30, and 20 for inrion ely, and corner columns respectively B= ntioof lngsde to short sd of cok eos tion “ome = density of coneits IM (KN!) ‘hoo focor used to determine memen about he axes and y between sh ad coluinn that is tansfared by shear stress atasumed tical section 4. = modification fat relctng the reduced mechan ical properties of fighewsightconcre'e, all ebive to normalveigt concet of the sane compressive strength = stength duction fcr = 075 = ation of service dead Toa 10 be balanced by leche pestressing 22—Detinitlons: Please reforto the lets version of “ACI Concrete Term nobgy’” fora comprehensive Ist of definitions. Defiitioas Provided herein complement that resource headed shear stud reinforcement—riaforcement conforming 10 ASTM ALOH/ALO44M and oxmposed of vertical rods anchored mechanically nea the boom and top sutfces ofthe slab shear cap—hickered powtion of the slid around the ‘column with pla dnensons not conforming wits te ACT 318 cequirements fr drop panel, ‘hear crite secton-—cosssccion, having dept d and perpendicular tothe plave of the sab, whete shea stese: should be evaluated: wo shear eitival sections should be considered: (1) a 2 ftom column periphery. an (2) ata from the outermost peripheral line of shearrem forse i provided), ‘lab moment rested by supporting cotuma—sien of moments at the eu of the column above and below « slab- clump jon‘ [GUIDE FOR GHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 42.1F-20) (CHAPTER 3—ROLE OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT Shear reinforcema is requed 19 iniercept shear racks and prevent them fer widening. The inersection of heat ‘einferoment and cracks can be anywhere ever the height ofthe shear einfocerpent The stiin i the shout eafanse- ‘ments highest at ha intersecion, Effective anchorage is essential, an its Inca shoul be as clo a possible 1 the stuctural newbs cue surfaces. ‘This mean thatthe vere pert ofthe shear reinforcer shouldbe a tal as possible t acid the possiblity of eracks passing above or below it When the shear reinforcement is not al as posible, i may nol intreeeall inti she ads, Anchorago of shear seinfrcemon in slabs ic achieved ‘by mechanical ends Cad), bends, sn hooks, (CHAPTER 4—PUNCHING SHEAR DESIGN EQUATIONS. 4.1—Strongth requirement ‘This chapter presents the design provedure of ACL 318 when stp o7 headed ste aren he sb nthe visimty of a column transfering moment and shear The cquations of $32. and 4.3.3 apply whenstimupsand headed sare use, respect vely Dasignof evitcal dab sostions perpendicular tothe plane ‘of aslab shou be based spon te “ in which vy (in pst or MPa) isthe shear sess in the crit ical section caused by the transfer, betwee the sib and the colin, offasoredsheatingfnce a factored shearing free combined with moment ys the neminaldneastrength (ps ‘OF MPa}- and is the strength redaction facto: Equation (41) should be satisted at a criteal section perpendicular othe plane ofthe sab ata distance 2 from the column pastmeter and locate 30 that ts petimeter by is minimum (Fig. 41(@) 1 should also be satisfied sta crit ical seston a2 fiom the eutsmost peripheral line ofthe shear reinforcement (Fig, 4.10), whee dis the average of Aicances trom extreme compression Aber to the ceeds fof the lesion rsinforeaments running in two orthogonal Aircctons Figue 4,1 indiates he positive dictions of ‘he inemol force Vand momens Mj. ad Mf, tha the column exats on ths, 42—Calculation of factored shear stress V, ‘ACK 31K roqutes thatthe shear teas resulting from ronment rarer by eccentric of seat be assumed vary lineal about the roid ofthe shew erica soca the ‘code's equation was develope considering viaxial moment transfer betwocn the Sab and its supporting columns, However this guide recommends the we af Bq (428) tat sccounts forthe general case of biaxial moment tans, The shear sess distibution,calealatod ky Bq. (4.2), sais the linear variation requirement ofthe ene The maximum Factoad shear res yaa eitial section produced by the (cl ‘Arweican Corea nsthve = Copied BMattal~ wrneonoete.g (8) At 2 from outermost peripheral [ine of shear remorcement Fig. £1—Criea! sections for shear in slab in viciny of Inscior coburn, Posve detions of Nw Muy dl My are ‘ndicated i (a) conbinaon of fietored shear force Vand moments Mane and tei Ve YoMucs 5, Yall ant x dala (4.29 Ee Ty Aly ‘Thecocficients te andy are given by 425) yale 12a wate ya are enh ofthe sides in the xan re tions of«rectangu citical section at 2 fro the column facet 4.11). ora shear etal section ouside the shea(GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 421.1920) 5 ne Fig. 42—Tipical arrangenent of shear suds and erical sections outside sherri Jorved ame rsnforced zone ofan ntcrioe column Fig. 44(b). Ea (4.26) fen bo usa with andy replaced by Fa ae fa respec tel Appondix gives equates for Jay th yf 8 shea cial section of any shape. For a shear eral ction ithe shape of a closed rectangle the shear sess de 1 F, -ommbined with Mey ACI 318 gives Ey (4.2a) wi Mog 9 an eplaced by J. which isdefnedaspropety ofastuned ‘lca set analogous to polar moment of ner, Fo the loved rectanglein Fig, 41(), ACI 318 gives 4 fib tt ui ted fd ey “The first term on the righthand side of this equation is equal 10 Jp: the aio ofthe sooond term tothe Bit is ‘nmol les than 3 petcen. The value of vy aban by th use of 49, (42a) cifors om the sae de hom the ‘alae obtained with. ‘Amare Carers nuts ~ Copy Mall ~ yor neat cr When the eentoid ofthe shew critical section does not ‘vince wit 0, te centro ofthe cohim (Ry. 4.206) and {o)) the sab moment Mayet Me, about -ory-auis tough the seni of shear ital section is related o the slab Moment MaosCF Mag About the oF ans thraagh O by Baas” Mase * KYO Many™ Moy Horo (42d) Were (to, 30) ate the coordinate a O with respect to the ‘centioid ofthe shear ential section along the senza dl principal and yazes, Forth shear crtcalsecton in Fig. 4.26) theromens about thecenkoidal aonpincpa aces and (My and My gare ‘equivalent to the moments about the sandy axes (We and My) that are given by B3,(4.2), Man, = Min 4M, 6089 we° ‘GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 421.1720) ‘where Os the ange of cotton of the aes and 0 ooin- de with the principal axes. 45—Caleulation of shear strength v. ‘Whenever the speciied compressive steagth of eevee £2 usof in Bq, 43a) (43.1b), (43.10), 43.0), and (4.3.20) is value must bein pounds por sje ach when £’is in MPa, the SI unit equations ate used (ACI 31844 Section 22.6), For presessed slabs, refer to Cape 3 “431 Shcor strong without shear reinforcement or nonpresresso slabs, the shear steag of concrete ata tie ten section at 2 from column face where shear reinforce ‘ment i not provided, shouldbe the smallest of vege inc uit) ay vson(t SNe (Stunt) ‘where fis the ratio of Lng side to shor side of the eoturay cos section) is reduction factor for light-weight ‘oncrees a8 defined i4ACH SIS+14 Section 192.42 ove nxn 24 gz (tuning (in wits) 43.1 wha ais 40 for intron cohans, 30 for ole columns, 2 forcomer columns, and AF Gab wi) Neo tenis) Ata atitical section ouside the shear-einforced zone, ff? dino units) sie DITAg 7 (Sais) 319, 4319 Equation (4.1) should be checked fist at ttl section 2 from the column fee (Fig. 4.1(0) IC Eg (4.1) tot Satis, shea renfrosinen’ oe some ote cages nocd, 4.3.2 Shear srogih eth straps ACI 318-18 Section 22.6.7. pomits the ws of starups as aber wnforcoment hn the lab effecive dept el 26 in, (152 min) mot ess ‘han 16 isthe deter ofthe stirs, When snp sheer reinforcement wed, AC 218 cequites thatthe maxinumn ‘616 (in-1b units) (0.544 [I units). The shear strength st ‘cilia secon within the shexstenforea rome sould be computed by vent aay (och in which ce ae OITA (Stanis) and Afe 29 vote (4329 inhote dy is te crosesectional aca ofthe shear reinforcer ‘ment legs on on periperal ine paalle to tie perimeter of ‘he column section, and ris the spacing Dlwoen peripheral linesof shea reinfivoeme. ‘Tho upper limits, pomnited by ACL 318, of rp and the spacing» betwoen the perpheal lines we ws0.5d esd 4320 4320 ‘nbere sp the disance beiwece the fs paper line of shear renforeemen! and te column ffce (Fig 4.2), The upper limit of, is inended 0 climinae the pessbilty of shear fallue between the column face andthe innermost erp ine of shear reiafarsement. Simi the upper Fit of sis to avoid fare between consecutive ptpharal linasofstenuys 4 nef steps eo ebosetothecolunne an be inetecive in intercepting shear crack; thus sg should ‘othe smaller than 0 38 "Tho shear rstforcemen! should extend away fier the column face $0 tha the shear sess va a rial sect 312 fea outermos! peripheral ine of shear eiforcernent (Fig. 41(b) and 4.2) docs na: exceed dp bate vi cae Ted using Fg (43.1. 43 Shear srength ith steds—NCI 318-14 Section 257.11 requires hat Stinups shall exiend as close to the compres: ‘si and tension surfaces ofthe member a8 cover requirements and proximity of other reinforcement permits a shal be anchored at ath ends. Where ‘sed as shea sinforeenet ips shall extend a disance d from eateme compression ber ‘Test results (Dilger and Ghul 1981; And 198, Van er Wet ea 1982: Mok are l 1985: gab and Ca 1987; Morin and Gra 199; Dilger and Shida 1989, Cao 1993, Brown and Dilger 1994 Meyally 1998. Bile 2004: Richie and Ghali 2008; Gayed and Gal 2006) showed that sus with aclu heads of area equal o 10 times he erossr Sectional atea of the shank, cleat satisied the anchorage ‘equtemen. Furhormars, the ue of shear stad, shown it Fig. 134, demonstted a higher Siar capacity than that obiainod with stimups, Othor researchers (Gayod and Ghali 2004, MeLoaa otal. 1990: Maller et al. 1984; Ghai eta 1974) successtlly apptid other configurations. Based cn ‘Arwican Concrete stu ~ Conyied © awa wwwcoreretacra ‘Aver Conc instte~ Copied Maa ~wcorta.9‘GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (AC! 421.1R-20) 7 ‘hese results, ACI 318 permits te values given as fllows ‘shen the ser enforcement x composed of head tis With mechanical anchorage capable of developing the yield strengh of te rod “The nominal shea strength provided by the concrete ia the presence of headed shear studs using Eq. (4.323), is taken as (inthis) [Fe istwvisy yah »=028 saa) instead of 244 (nb nits) (0.17ANf" [Sh units), Discus sion onthe design value of. given in Appeix C. The ‘minal shear strength vy (psi or MPa) resists by conerete tnd sec in Eq. (4.320) canbe taken as high as 8! (in-b nits) (0.6546 [SE units) instal of 6 Gb unis) (O94 [ST unis)}. This enables the use of thinner sobs [Experiment data showing that ie higher value of vjcan be reached are nuded in Append C 'ACI 8 ponnitsupperinsts for sbased on the velisot wy the cca section a 2 fa ecm Tce 180784 when = <6F (nb nit ° IF ¢ > (asa oF stinis ss05d when “> 6f7 in-Abinits) ¢ (433) osffetsteiwp When stiups ae sed, ACH SIN Limits ¢ 19/2. The higher lit foes given by Bq, (4.3.26) for headed shear Sa! spac i again justified by is (Sele tal 1980; ‘Andi 198las; Van der Vos tab 1982; Mokhtar et al. 1985, Elen and Ghali 1987; Insts fi WerkatoTe im ‘Baunvesen 1 996: Rogan 1996a,b; Sher 1995), ‘Section 7.3 will how tata vetical branch ofa stimup is less effective than asd in entelling shea each fo 109 reasons: 1) the shan of the headed std is sight over its fall engi, whereas the ends of the sirup Tog ate curves tna 2) the anchor beads atthe 199 and the bottom of the stud ensure that he specified yield sen gh is proved at all sections ofthe shank. Inastirap. the speciidyielstrent Can be developed only over the mide porbon ofthe vertical legs when they are sicily fon, ‘ACE 318-14 Section 20.224 limits the design yield strengh for stimups as shear reinforosient 1 60,000 psi GIF MPa). Research (OteGraelnsint 1996, Regan 19959; Init fir Werksoffe im Rausesen 996) ha indie cated thatthe performance of higherstrength studs as shear ‘reinforcement in slabs is stisfaory In tis experinen ‘wore the st shear reinforcement in lab-cohann cone tions teacheda yeldstesshighe than 72,000psi (00 MPa), inthout excessive rection of shea reskance of covers ‘Thus, when sivds ate used, fy can be as high a5 72.000 psi (00 MPa). tn ASTM AIDEW/AID4SM, the minimum specie ‘Amare Cane tts —Copyified © Matsa wears on) Cited section ‘outside eae of (6) Example of design recommended in Section 4.3.4 Pig 43d Shour ep design fied yield strength of headed shea studs i 51,000 po (250 (MPa) based on what has been commercially available in 200S; higher ysl strengths ate expected in ture versions ‘OfASTM ATO4VA 043M, ACI 3I8 recuies conformance Wit ASTM ATO$WA1 3M; thus ins fy 16 31,00 ps 650 MPa) 4.34 Sieur caps—Figure 43 fata shows, for sinplciy ‘of peeenation, © sisal shes cap whove purpose i to inerese the sheat capacity without wsing shew rin free men, The plan dimensions of the she cay ae gerne by suming hi the shear sength at d2 from the edges ofthe capisgovernedby Ey (4.3.1a)10(43.10). This type of heat ‘apraroy connins reinforcement otiertban the vereal bas ofthe coluum because its plan dimensions are sual; with for withaut einfiecement, his practice i pot teaxnmented, Experiments (Megally and Ghali 2002) show that the ure fof the shear cap is accompanied by a sudden separation of Wwolges ABC and DEF fromthe shear cap and bit flare of the comestion: such fire may occu inservice: The ‘ack‘ [GUIDE FOR SHE AR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 421.1820) sscoteant* os 5 | eae ' t sruterna teint yg EG) Fig, 43.46—Variaion of (a) vq and (8) Ny with the Adsiance between the shear erica section ad the colunn cs (= a8 ‘volune of oontete within the wedges ABC andl DEF is 10 stmalto ter sgifican anchorage ofthe enforcement that ray be providod in the shear cap to prevent the spazation of he wells. Ans}sesand finte-lemeat studies indicate that when momen enused by wind or eattnquae, is great ‘enough lo produce net downward shear sess, an inveted Punching faire ours in such ease, the aekional depih provided hy the sheat cap is wot effective to angmnent the punching show eapocty (Wey and Dureni 1992; Meglly ad Gli 2002). "The plan dimensions of the shear cap should be sae ently lege such tha the maxim hear stesss a 660 sriial sections (Fig, 43.4400) sais Eg, 4.1), The rit teal sections are até? fom the cobini fice (wheted tthe toca depts wrth the cap) wichin the shear exp, and at d2 futside the edges ofthe sear cap (wee ais the slab dep ‘without cap) At? fom the eam, vs cakulate by E (43.10) to (43.1) inthe absence of shear reinforcement. At ‘Rosie tie alge of the shear cap, ys cakatedby Ea. {43.4d), The extent ofthe shear cap should he the same a6 tho extent of the shen seinforsinert when tis usd in pace ofthe shea «ap, asad on experimental data, Elgehausen (1996) and Dilger and Ghali (1981) proposed Eg, (4.3 4a) and (4.3.40), respectively forthe shear stengih at ental sections ad fiom thecolimn fces (acts teen ones ama (laff 05 4, the oneoay shear suength (Bg, (4.3.10) is assumed. Accordingly a8 @ i increaed, the shear siength (psi or MPa) cops Fig. 43.46), while the ato of the Shear etical section increases. Figute 43.40) slws the ‘aration of the shear smergth, Hy = sya fora eeula column of diameter c,tansocring shearing Fore witout moment Line AB represenis V when vs (psi) = AVC" (here, independnt ofa) this greatly overestimates, ‘compared ith ine ACDF ot EDF cleulsted by Eq (4.34) 0114 34D) respectively. Line DF rpresenus Fe with ve (pS) rip) Because within Zone wo D, the variation of ¥ 4 ‘01 etabished, ad he increase nV with «is aot substan ‘il itis hora recommeraed a extend the shear capo the one where is own tobe rot es han theane-way shear strength ‘Asa design exaniple, consider acicula column of darn. er, wnwfering 4 shearing fore. Fa (1d) = Off hut ‘where b= x(¢ + d)= the permet: of te eritcal section a 122 fom the column face in absence of shear cap. The shear ‘ap that sai the recommended design shold Have ah approximate effecive depth > I'S, extending such tha c= s(okd}+ 2, eanbe vite hat this design will satiny By, (4.1)ar the erica sections a 2 tom the colina fae an 1d? outside the age of the shear cap, For futher jusicaion of che recummendaios in ‘hie section. consider the slab-cohm eoncetin in Fg 43.4aa) havinga 10in, (250 mn) square eolumnsupporing 27 in, 075 mm) sab havingd =¢ in, 130 mm) Basel oo the porta creck AB (Fg, 43.42(2), ACH SIN permis oH = onda or = ain eA ar, e0sieyayT 97" = 04010! om WENT (lia) ined, ‘The design in Fig, 43.4o(b) is nt recommended as mans of increasing stength 1 the cauation is applied tothe potential crack CD (Fig. 48.4), the predicted ssength ‘sould be ss Osa wuneenente soyngmneae water“ wirasoneo 09,[GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 421.1R-20) s + a \ a6 010" ® sare clunn aera | a=5" . 3° 1 10"<10" | 4” o a Fe, 4240—P neal shar ene. Exp of come Bed iawoar ant fey mga anim (rew any dato) O08 270.10 mni)03%6f7 Stuns) ‘This guide considers the potential falure a FF, whose slope is any angle less shan 0 equal 0 45 degrees. I is bviews thatthe probability of file at BF is far greater ‘han at CD in a desgh that considers the shear stvength, a Ha = (576 ine ANE Tis is becouse EP is shorter tha CD and CD erase op an better Real reinfncs- mens whove amounts ae speed by ACL 318 whereas EF ‘aay noc cross any reinforcement, Altbeush that separation ff the wedge ERG (at a sheaing force < 4F4P) may not produce collapse, Should not bean aeeptabe flue: For fuer jusifiestion of recommending agaist the design in Fig. 43 4o(b), consider the potental crack at HI that does rot inetept the shear exp, This rack can occur duct high slab moment ina ditection thx proces compressive ress ‘a the column ithe vieiiy of H. This guide consistemly Feconnmends a shesi-eiafored ane ofthe same size by the [rovision of sear reinforcement o by dop panels (a shear ‘ap with siicint plan extension (Fis. 4.34) 435 Limincion on shear strength v,—Tests (Guan lint 2009: Bayrak and Ja 2008) on slabs having low Sexural enforcement rai inthe vicinity oftheir supports show that vy my noe be reached, In those fees faire seared ¢ los sild-linemnechanim, followed pally bya secoray punching tire (Peis and Galt 2012} ‘hus, the nominal strength so be Limited tothe value of at whic the yield ine meekanisi occu (acts Ameren Cenc tts —Copyiied © Net fal-ywnconcoe on senile cae 44—Design procedure "The values Off. Max My Vn band date given. The design of shea rcinforcomert can be performed by the following steps (eer to design examples in Appendix D, {At enc section at d2 fom cau face, eaevlae wad by Bg. 4.2) and (43.14) w (43.104 If (6/0) Se no shea! einfoncoment ar fae ches equate If (4/9) > BY! (nb units) (0.664 [1 units, the slab ticaness ‘oF column size isnot scent. when Caf) = BY" Gnatd nics) (0,66). [Stunts], wot Sip 2 2. When (rb) < 69f" fin-1D wis) SVE [SE unis, ACH SIN permis stirups or headed sus. When (H/9) > ‘Ve’ in units) (0894! [SLunits, ACL 318 permits only heck stuck Calalate the contribution of concrete to the shear stvengh (Eq, (4320) oF (4.3.3) a the eal setion at 2 fren ext face. The dference[(0/4) ~ x wives the ‘hear ses vo bevesstol by straps oe hoadod stds, 4. Selec, ands within the limitations of Eg, (4.3.20), (4329), (4230), and (4.3.30), and eaeulte the required shear enforcement area for one peripheral line, by sl tion of Eq (422). Find the minimum number of headed stud or logs of stirrups per priperal ne. 4.Repeat Step ata via citical section a a fromcolann, face 10 find the section where (y/o) $ 2.V¢" (in.-lb units) 4.1 7a [SL unis), No other section noeds to be checked, aid sis t¢ be mminuined corsunt Seles the distance betieen te column face and the outermost peripheral ne ‘of shear reinforcement tobe > [a ~ (2). “The postion of th erica sectian can be dewrmined by selection of the numberof headed siuds or sir Legs pet ne, ranaing in or liection (Fig. 42). For example the disuancein the x-orj-rction btecen the column face aud the erical section is equal 39+ (= 1) 3 +2, The number shouldbe 22, 5. Amange studs to satisfy the detling requtements eseribed in Appeals A, The nace ulatcns involved in hea frementioned steps se suitable for computer use (Deon 1996). (CHAPTER 5—PRESTRESSED SLABS 5-1—Nominal shear strength ‘When a shi is pretrial in Iwo dtcciions, the shear strength of conercie aa crteal section at d2 from the ‘column face whete shear feinfotcemett is not provide, is svenby ACI318-H Section 22.65 : skaters Wisse amingo0as, +2, Getty ‘least of (029; 0.0891 Saal 035,48, (huni) on ‘acl Peto wae0 (GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 421.1R-20) ir the average vale of compesive es in the fro diucine (fie sleancs eral patra feo) 1 centoid of eres secon: aad Fs the yral crm tent of all efecve pesees fs crn tert) ‘ecton,Eqution (31) apliabe ony the folowing peated 1) No port ofthe cohen cos sci in lone tw scons dg han fxr tines tes hicks gr mg (SI) an takan poate an 70 pi ra in each deton sot ss than 25 pi (29 MPs), nor idhen gear than 0D po 3.3 MP ify ofthe aorewentnredconelon ae ot tied se if beak isyreoremedin one Uren thesia shouldbe toned a nprereclan By (4.3 13) (62.1) py Within he ature one, ls be ele by fi 43.22, be eumlorsand te den precten3.2 1dy and tp Thins, sl wi pci eon rls and the pe ths wad undo cntel Spec ee should beevctied in computing Fy Ea 1) de a he es {hip ofr vabe othe seul tendon poe Whon ti moti tht tl cnticton wil ih ha di stot eal er bn be TE ed ing (31, Section Dinan ext of be din of he that ieorosmen ina pestseed eb (CHAPTER 6—TOLERANCES. Shear reinforement, in te form of steps or Sue, can be ineiTctve if the specified distances 5 and 5 are not controled accurately, Tolerances for these dimensions ‘should not excoed 405 in, (13 mn). tis equiment is not meta purnhing shear crack eoul ayers the lab hick ese without intersecting the shear reinforing olemens, Tolerance for he disanee ba ween coli fae sal oit= ‘not peripheral ee of stad should not exceed (23 sm "Tests (Dilger and Gina 1981; And SRL: Van dee Voet et ab. 1982; Mokhtar etal 1985; Elaby and Ghali 1947: Monin and Ghai 1991; Dilger and Sharla 1989; C20 1993; Brown and Dilger 1994; Meyally 1998; Birkle 2004, Richie aa Ghali 2005; Gaye and Ga 2006) show tha headed stds, anchored as close as possibe 10 the top and ovum of slabs, are effcive in resting punching seat ‘The designer should speciy the overall height oF te stud ssscrmblieshaving tie most eflkieney iintinomo o here he thickness of the member ag andy are ‘he spesiied concote covers at top and botiom,respoc- lively. ACL 318 pemnits a manufacuing tolerance: the ‘ctl overall height canbe shri than J by no more han 422, where dive diameter of the tensile Axl rie Foroement (Fi 6 ACT SIAG14 Section 2001.33) habs in the vicinity of columas, tbe teil flexural reinforsoment 'Seormony athe op in footings, te tensile etal ek forcement is commenl atthe bot: (ci ‘Avera Conor Flexural Specified cover at top, reinforcement 7 G3 gS a ee EB | Anchor head ag or base rail lite Specified cover at botiom, ¢» i: tolerance <¢y/2 heh-e- Fig, (Section » sob perpendicular io shear sed le, CHAPTER 7—MOMENT TRANSFER AT SLAB- ‘COLUMN CONNECTION ‘TA—Shoar stross due to moment transfer Mc [ACE 318-14 Socion RR4.4.23 calculates the Sar sires isniption sa recangular shear enol secon by the exuation Nan tg tM es teen = tg ee eat He Ta Yan ha co 7) ‘The code defines vg asthe factored shear stess on the ‘serial section for wo-ay action dive gravity Loads ‘without moment ransfr. The secend ems Eq(71repre- sent the shear sess du othe raster of moment Mj abn {leymimery ans hate the factored eis monent tat istesistd by the supporting column, cur and eepare dimen- ‘ons ofthe show erteal section, The commentary eq tion fr J, (Eq (420) satisfies equlibsiam when the as. ‘erm is cmited. Equation (4.2), combined with E, (B.8) snd (B9), gives the disebution ofsheae sess whose res Tnisare egal the ansfeed fee Fan nen ye: ‘hes equation apply 0 shea titical sections of any shape ‘where the ans oF the shearing farce and ke some to the supporting column is caused by all factored loads (oat only ravi Hous) wich Min any direction, Eauiid- rium is stisfisd by using fhe components af 14, aoe the ‘entoidal principal a= and years (respoetnely, Mog and ie) combined Wilh ey) AA yey), WHC Fete thc same ves Ghalict al 2015). 1-1 Calewiaton of shear siess—ACTS 18 requiressais ‘ins principles of equilitrium and comity, Equation (42a) sults these priteples. His not alnays safe 0 use ‘pirical equations tha cannot be pid with thes pin ples, Cheng & al 2010) apped momeat about principal ~ Canykhied © Nawia~ neconcteera(QUIDE FOR SHEAR RENFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 421.1720) 1" xis that was substuted by two ofits components about ‘orthogonal nes the shear stress was cakcuted using oe oF thetiso components, As result the comet maxinuam shear tvs is hiher than ie value use by the estes nite ‘prraion ofthe st sls (Gaeta 2013) Analyzing 4 ‘ectr in two componcats and thea ignoring one of the te ‘ennot be jusiied 72—Feduetion of “The parameter, species the frtion (YM, 10 be ans. fered by eoceasiety of shea in dosin (Eg (424)). Atary oat onthe periphery ofthe shear rita sctioa, he sesul> tan ofthe shear stress de to (74) is equal to the shesring forse per wit lengths thas, pecitsng the valve of, xives tne magniude ofa searing force to he we in design. The ‘aluo of y bas been dated by linear analysos (Masi 1e7dac; Elgar and ial 1996; Navi eal. 2010) and by ‘orkid numerical computations (Megally ad Gk 2000; ‘Gayed and Ghali 2008), These analyses do net show that 7 ‘an be reduced No experiment has measured the value of 4 For design, ACL 18 gives an squation of y, 1 be vied Bh place of performing the necesary analysis. ACH 318-14 Section 842 5a permite, as an onion, a reduced range of ‘for edge and comer eclurns with speed liitations, Folding, = 0: us, the section assigts a peal posten (of My to be transfered by flexure, However, the shearing force is equal tthe derivative of the bending moment with rexpee the distance fom the support This fradamental ‘culm principle applics for Beams as well slabs (in Fnearand noalincar sages). Tae reluciion of yas option ally permits, joes equilibrium, Removal ofthe optional reveton of fier ACT 38 has ‘nen tecimmcntedy ACTCommitiee 421 andy the public uring document review; the jstfication provided forthe reducion was a deseripion of noafinea beavor of labs fn ews, Cate sotons have toe designed for Iniera) forces determined by analysis satisfying equilibrium his is ‘a requiremar ia all codes. Ne description of expeinental ‘behavior canbe adequate to determine the magntide ofthe shearing force that must be used i the design of @shoat rie section Experimenial dota of four edge and comer column sb connections subjected 19 Y, combined with fe showed tht the optional edict of 7, can be less conervatne compaed to mndsory ode provisions (Rit et al. 200). ‘13—Anehorage of shear reinforcement Shear teinforocmert typically consis of bars veversng the thickness of the slab to control wilening of inlined shear cracks that inde punching, The design consiersthat the sear sess v, induced by fetored Toa is ested by ‘ead provided by comers and by shear teaforsemnt, respoatively: The shear icinforing bes should be secures anchoredns close a possible the exterior faces ofthe sab tho valuos of y and tha can be usod inthe dosign— epert upon the anhovae ofthe bast develop the tensile force inthe bers ano provide the necessary confinement crablng he ctacke operee csi shear stiess, Without ‘Aero Concte rote ~Copyghed © Vota wont zoreteacrs Dial guage to measure ‘moremeat of brated ig. 7 3—Geumevieal ar stress conditionset bend of shear reunfoing bar ssfesive anchorage ves of ¥- ahd vs peed ia dsign should vt bee ‘NCLIM's comment rss tht the anchorage of scat reinforcement can be eins (heise fey are pally hiner thn eas). Mali gtips, having the mechanically exes! anche. ate pomited by the Code bar runing a Giecton,prpende ala othe Hate ofthe stirs, bas o be cnged nie cack bot to Provide he nessa mechavical anchorage Amite Sterop isa coninuoas bar Dato have null vera legscomectl by horizon seanents of equ engts, The rads of the ends conolke Jo avo crahing ofthe fers when the design tele force is developed in the ‘erie ys. Tests Mart 1990) have shown ht oven er ‘ovis athebers of shar enforcement Pet Af He 73, before the viel stent canbe raced inthe shear reinforcement, eatsing a fis of est. Futhemore, the concrete within the bend nthe sips ie sbjected 1 sess a cou potently excel 64 times the er diel strength, easg onsets eR My 90 Ist G14 MPa, be aera songessive ax on te emcee tndrthe et has wo each fr eqn. However. boca hs hah tres ean ert the eon, slip ecu before the developnertef be hil jin he lege he stip ae iteconnacton wih the Den Tse dices, oceng the consequences of improper strap deals have als besa liscssed (Mr 1990 it ASCE-ACT Cormitce 425 107% Hawhins 1974; Hawes at a 1973). The movement ‘the end ofthe vote leg of «sirup canbe rede by ‘Euchnen waftesurenivceren bar ac stownt Pot Doffig 73. The Boral iavorng ba, however, cane be plied ay closer he veil Fg ofthe stir wit reducing the efetive slab pth Flea einforeing ters can provide such inpronesent to sear rtfncement anchorage only Watacinen and ict cotct eke fo inten ofthe bars (Pot B of ig 7.3). Und nora ‘onineton, bawever, is vey dici etwae sich ‘Svlins fr al sinops Thies such supp naaly nut filly efetve, and thee ofthe verte kx of the (aci>w (GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 421.1R-20) stieup ean move. The anount of movement the same for 2 short ot long shew-reinfrcng bat: There fre the oss in tension important and te sess is unlkely to reach yield in sor shear reinforee rea in thin slabs), These problems are Inegly avoided if shear relforcerent x provided with ‘mechanical anchorage “A significa force ts developed ins leg of = sierp only ‘when iis intersected by a punting shear crack; the ine ‘ection can oscar at any seaion in e le Thus, mechanical anchorage caused by deformations on the sure ofthe le ‘or osber means cannot be relied upon in the design force ‘uri bythe log. Simeary, ACL 318-14 Fig, R20..1 hs tates the poomety ofthe heads of head sa shea ei forcement (Fig, 1) and excludes the typeof head that i seemed not adequate, A Stirrup material permitted by ACI 318—ACL 318 spovifes the ste! that can be used for stags and eter shear reinforcements, Also, ACI 31 species the ome ‘fas bends fer diferen’ bar ianeters ASTM ASUS applies to thin ee strips with no surface deformations for appice- tions ote than teup ‘74—Leyout of sheer reinforcement ‘AL an interior column, ACI 31% commentary shows ‘layout of stip lees 07 headed sd in to shape of a ‘aos. The spacings exween adjacen! peripheral Lines and the distance betwen coun face and ousrmest penphtal line of shea enfoneamenare determined y rulesspefed in ACL 318 based on extensive experimental and analytical research, The layaut as boen widely tsa in pretice The radial layout proposed by ressarebers is dificult to insulin prasie. Poti! interference of the shear eit foccement with two orthogonal top and botons layers of flvural reinforcements dficul w avo. With itr. the ‘lia Layout requiesadtionl (andesite) top an totam layers of fleura bars runing in diagonal dretions: these ave thetaesengagedin the hooks the bend 6 need 1 ‘stis'y anchorage requirement of sews (Fi 73) “The use of assembles of beaded sts as punching shear reinfercement originated by research at the University of (Caluary in 1880s and tansfered worldwide. Subsequent iniernional research dovsioped the crusty layout and its etating hese were ade in ACT STS-O8, Satisfying he provisions of ACI 318 and adhering 10 the crucifix layout 4 delalod in ACT 318 commentary provides adecnate strength and duetibty, Limited and nenconelasive research recommending the radial yout oTheaed sul asemblis, is reported in Dam etal (2017) ‘75—Minimum shear reinforcement ‘ACL 3321 recxmmends a misimum ancnt of shear ‘inforement th provides minal srength given by W298 Tid int units) os 0. .d (SI units) ? ‘Ts minimum ie recommended for all slb-cotum comection: the disance between the face of the support Sind theoutermo shea etorcemen sould be 2 hor for nonprestiesol er pst-ensioned slabs respectively. ACT M8 and ACT 431 2R elscuts a minimum armoat of shear ‘xinforcrnent only i certain cases of seismic dein, The reccmendaton for ninimum shew reinforcement ha een {utifed by researches the minimum extension ofthe shea ‘einfncec'zoe sould account fru atthe init ste (CHAPTER &-REFERENCES American Concrete hie ACH 318-14-—Buiklng Code Requirements for Structural Conor ACL 3524R-II—Guide for Design of Connections in Monolithic Concrete structures ‘ACH 421.2R-10—Guide wo Seismic Design of Punching ‘ear Reinforcment in Fat Pes, Cota ASTM International ASTM AS05-16—Standad Specification for Stet, Sheet, and Strip Alley, Hotsolied and Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for ASTM ALOM/AIDIIM.I6—Standant Spoifction for See Sud Assemblies for Shear Reinforcement of Concrete Canadian Standards Associaton CSA _AIS1S—Deign of Concrete Sites for Puig ‘Authored documents Aniri, HP, 19813, “Siength of Pat Slabs Refaforced it Stud Rails in he Vicinity ofthe Suppo (Zum Trager haiten von Flachdecker mit Dibisten-Bewdins Auiaperboreich)” Beton und Sabet nia, Bat, V. 76, ‘No.3 Mar, pp. 53-57 ‘Andi H.P, 1981, *Saongth of Flat Slabs Reinforced ‘wih Stud Raisin the Vicinity of te Supponts (Zum Tragyer- haiten von Flachdecken mit Diboesten Beebrang, sm Auflapebereicn)" Beton und Sabet nian, Beta, V. 76, No.4, Ape pp. 100-104, Baycak, WO. and isa, 3.0. 2008, “Two-Way Sheat Snenath of Slab-Cohimn Connection: Reexamiation of ACI 318 Provisions," ACI Sictrel Journal. V. 106, No.2, Mar-Apr. 99. 160-170, ‘Buhl, G., 2004, “Punching of Sls: Thickness and Stud Layout.” Phd dseration, Unkerky of Calgary, Calgary, ‘AD, Cina, 152 pp. Brown, Sand Dilger, W. H., 1994, “Seismic Response of Fa Pate Column Connections" Procevngs, Canadian Society or Chil Engineering Conference, V. 2. Winey MB, Cana, p. 388-397, Cao. H, 1998 “Seismic Design of Siab-Colurn Connec- tions,” MSe thesis, Univeraty of Cala, Calary, AB, Cana 188 p. ‘Cheng, MV; Pata-Montesinos,G. 3 and Shiel,©.K. 2010. “Shear Suengh and Drift Capacity of FibaRein= foreed Conerte Sisb-Colurn Connections Suhjeted 10 ‘Areican Conc ite ~ Conyhhied © Mawel ~ mrconeeoro(GUIDE FOR SHEAR RENFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 4211R-20) a Binwel Displacements” Journal of Sutra Engineering, Y.136, No. % Sep, fx 1OTA-1O8K dk 10 06 M{ASCE) ST.1943-$41X.0000215 Dam, T. Xz Wight J Ks and ParreMontesins, G. J. 2017, “Behavier of Monoinically Loaded Slab-Column ‘Convetions Reinforosd with Shear Studs." 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A.,and Ghali, A 1987, “Tess on Concrete SabColvnm Connections with Stu Shear Reinforernent Subjected to Shear-Moment Transfer” ACI Srwewural Journal, V.84, NO 3, Sep -Oet 1.43482, ‘laabry, A. Aw and Ghab, A, 1996, “Moment Tesnsfor toy Shear in. Shb-Colunn Connection.” ACT Stawcural bral, V9, No, 2 Mat Ape pp 197-195, Bligchausen, Ry 1996, “Bericht Uber Zugversuche ait Dela Koptholzen, (Report on Pull Tests on Dehn Anche Boks)” Instat fir Werkstoe im Bauwessn, University of Sutac, Report No, DEOUYDI-F6/32, Sept. Gayed, KB, and Gali, 2004, "Double Head Studs a Shear Reinforcemen in Concrete | Beams" ACY Src Journal, V. 101, No, Buy, pp $48-887 Gayed, RB, and Ghali, A, 2006, “Scimie- Resistant Jinls of Itrioe Columns with Pree Sis” ACT ‘Siructral Jounal, N. M3,No. 8, Sep.-Oet, 9. 710-719, Gayed, RB. and Ghab A. 2008, Unbalanced Moment Resistance in Slab-Colunm Joints; Analytical Assesine” sbournal of Structural Engiacering. V. V4, No 5, May, 459.804 doi 10 1001/ASCE)O7S3-9445(2008)134:5859) Ghali, A; Gayed, R. Band Dilges, WH, 2015, “Design ‘of Conctete Skis for Punching "Shea Controversial ‘Covcepts.” ACI Souetera soxenal, W. 112, No. 4 ly- ‘Aug pp. [05-514 doi: 10.14859/51687707 hull, 4: Sanious,M. A. and Huizer, A, 1974, “Neteat rosteising of Fat Plas srournd Cluny,” Shear in Rein forced Concrete, SP-82. Farningion Hills, MI, pp-903-920 CGuandaliny, Ss Burdel, O. Ls and Mutonl, A, 2000, “Punching of Slabs with Low Reinforernent Ratio” ACE Siruetera!Joumal, WW, No 1 Jan-Feb p. 87-95. -Averoa Canoe latte -Conyigied@ Mate -warvconrele.og Howicine, N. My 1974, “Shoat Steagth of Sas with Shear Reiforeemen.” Shear in Reinforeed Coneree, S42, Aenean Concrete Insts, Prmington Hil, Ml, pp. 785-815, Hawons, NM; Mitchell, Ds and Hanns, St, 1975, “The Efe of Shear Reinforcement on Reversed Cyclic Loading Behavior of Flat Plate Stuctues,” Canadian slournal of Civil Engineering, V.2,No. 4, Dee. pp. S72-SE2, ‘oi TO T39A7S.082 Holl,G.C:, 1980, "High-Strength Lihtwoight Aggregate ‘Coneiete—Cierent Stays anal Future Neols” Proceeingy (of the 2nd International Sympocken on Cation of High Strngth Concrete, Berksle,CA, pp. 2023, Tosti fr Werks ins Bauwesen, 199%, “Beier Uber Yersuche an punkigestitzen Plain bewehr mit DEHA Doppethenfboen une mit Dubellcben (Test Report o Poin Supported Slabs Reinforced vith DEHA Double Head Swuds and Soils)" Universiie—Suagart, Report Ne, AF 96 ~ a0, Germany. DEHA. 81 pp. Joat ASCE-ACL Commies 426, 1974, “The Sear Swengih of Reiforeed Coneree Mernbes-Slas,”aumal ofthe Sexe! Dns, V. 100, Avg, pp 18831591 ‘Leonhard. F and Waller R, 1965, “Welded Wire Mesh 1s Strup Reinforcement Sheat on Teams and Anchorage “est.” aatechnib V. 42, p.-10, Gr German} Marti, P 1990, “Design af Conctete Slabs for Transverse Shear” ACI Structural Jour, V.87, No, 2, Mae Ap 180-190, ‘Mart, P;Pavong, and Phlinann, 1977, “Set ‘ersuehe and StalhetonPlaben," lst fur Bausatk aund Konsirakton, ETH Zurich, Bericht Nt 7305-2, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel und Stata, Germany. "Mast PE, 1970a,"Sresses in Fat Plates near Columns.” ACT Journal Procaedings. V6, NO. 10, O2t, pp. 761-798 Mast. E., 1970b, "Plate Stesses at Columns nea the Free Edge” ACT Journal Proceedings, V 67, No. 11, Now, pp. $98-502. MoLean D. Phan, LT: Lea, HS.: and White, R.N. 1094, “Punching Shear Behavior of Lightweight Conerte Slibs and Shels,” ACI Siueraral Journal. V.87, No. 4, “hly-Ag. pp 386-392 Meza, §. H.. 1998, “Punching Shear Resistance of Concrete Slabs 16 Gravity and Eanhquake Forces.” FD ‘isertalion, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada, 468 pp. Moga, SH, and Ghali, A. 199, Nonlinear Anaiysis ‘of Moment Transfer beeen Colinns and Slabs,” Proceed ings, V la, Caracian Socey for Civil Engineering Coater- ‘hee, Edmonton, AB, Cana, pp. 321-332 Mepaly, S. HL, and Ghali. A. 2000, “Punching of ‘Concrete Sib Due to Colutn Moment Trasfe,”Jesmal (of Stacural Engineering N.¥26,No.2 Feb. pp. 180-188. oe 10. 1061/(ASCEOS38445(2000)125:20180) “Mozally, 8 1, and Ghai, A, 2002, “Caionary Nove on Shear Capitals” Corertetnvernaonal, V.24, No.3, Mar, pp 75-48, (ach“ ‘GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (AC! 421.1R-20) Mobius, AS.) Gh, A. and Dior, WH, 1988, “Stud Shear Reinforecmment for Fat Concrete Plates," CI Jounal Proceedings. V. 82,0. 5, Sop Ot pp. 7683 Mortin. J, and GhaliA, 1991, “Connection of Flat Plates 1p Bdge Cohms." ACT SouenuralJeurral. V. 88, No.2. Mar Apia 9p. 191-198 Mulley FX; Mutoni, A; and Thutinann, 1984, “Durchstaa Versuehe an Flachdecken mit Aussparunzen (Puncting Teason Slabs nih Openings)” Research Repart No, 7305, ETH Zurich, Biskhauser Verlag, Bassl and Suga, Germany Navif, M. As: Rashed, Y. B: and ELDegwy, W. Ma 2010, "Boundary Elemem Method Calculation of Mowent ‘Transfer Parameters in SIab-Coluim Connection,” 4CT Smctum Jounal, V. 07, No.2, Mar-Apr pp. 164.109. ‘Ouo-Graf Instat, 1996, “Durckstanevraieho an Sub ‘etonplaten mit Rippendtibeln und Vowetenigten Coss ‘chentafeln (Punching Shear Tests on Conerce Slabs with Deformed Studs and Large Precast Slabs)" Report No. 21.2164, Univers of Stier, Genny July. Cand Ghali, 4.2012, “Flexural Reinforcement Ensen for Punching Shear Resistance of Slabs.” Recent Deseapment in Renforced Concrete Sk Analysis. Design and Seviceabiiy, SP.287, American Conc Insitute, Farmington His. Ul, pp. 9% Regan PLE, 1696a, "Double Headed Studs as Star Rein forcemert—Tets of Stabs and Anchorage.” University of ‘Westminster, Londen, UK, Aug Regan, PE. 1996, “Punching Test of Stabs wih Shese Reinforcement” Univesity of Westmiasce, Londoa, UK, Now Ritshie, Ma ané Ghali A, 2005, “Sciemie-Resistat ‘Connections of age Columns with Prestewed Slabs” ACT SructunalJournel, V. U2, No.2, Mas-Ape., pp. 314-323, Richie, M: Gal A Dilger W. Hand Caged RB, 2006, "Unbalanced Momart Resistance by Shear in Sl Column Connections: Experimental Assessnent.” ACT Sater ourrel V. M3, No.1, 3a0-Feb, pp. 4-2. Fe Ghali A: an Dilger W-H., 1980. "Preassem- ‘bled Shear Reinforcing Unite for Fst Plies," ACT Journal Proceedings. V.77.No. 1 Jan-Feb, pp. 2835, Shetif., 1996, "Behavior ofR.C, Fl lab,” PD disse ‘in, Unversity of Calgary. Calgary, AB, Cana 397 p. ‘an der Vee, Fs Dilger, W. Th; and Ghali, A, 1982, “Concrete Flat Ptes with Welk Anchuved Shear Remarce- nent Element." Canadian Journal of Chl Engineering, 9,No 1 pp 107-144, do 10.11397R2-011 Wes: E, Hand Durrant A.J, 1992, "Seismic Response fof Inetior Slab-Colunn Contections with Shear Capi " ACT Structural Jounal, W, 89, No, 6, Nov-Dec, pp. 582.691. APPENDIX A—DETAILS OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT A1—Goomotry of shar reinforcement ‘Shear reinforcement in slabs consists of vertical oF inclined bars o traverse cracks to provet punching failure. (ci> ‘Theharsaremechaniclly acura at their endo develop specified yield strength fy, Several types and configurations fof shea stu have hee reported in the literature, Shear ‘tals mounted on a continuous steel snp, a8 cioansed in the main tu! ofthis guide have been developed andinesi- ‘gated (Dior and Gs 1981: Andes 1981a,, Van det Voet. fa, 1982, MokDIat ea 19RS; Elysbry and hal 1987; Mort and Gali 1991; Dilger and Shatila 1989; Coo 1993, ‘Brom and Dies 1994; Megally 1998; Birkle 2004, Ritchie and Ghali 2005; Gaye and Ghali 2006), Headed rei faring bars were developed and applied in Norway (Dy en and Kepp 1988) for high-sitength concrete stuctures, and it was reete that sich apsicaensinproved the sine tur performance sgniieanty (Gaye and Gia 2008 ‘ot 1990), Another ype of headed shear ein rest Was implemen fo ineeasing the punching shunt stngth of lighweightconctet: slabs and shells (McLean et al. 1990) Several etter appeaches fer mechanical anchorage in shea reiforcerent can be use (Mart 1990, Muller et 1084; Mart 1977; Ghali eal, 1978), Several type are Aepicedin Fig A.1. ACLAIS permits stirups in slabs with 26 in, (152 mm), but ot less than 16 tines the diameter oF testis. nthe sitrup deals, shown a Fig. A.A) (from ‘ACL 318), a bar has jo be ledge in each bend to provide the mechanical anchorage noossary for he development of jy te vet eps Matching this deal and the design ‘spacing, sand sin actual costrasion ensure the ellective= ‘ess oFserups as assumed in dss. "Tas anchor plates shown in Fig. A.1(e) shouldbe cieule ‘or recta, and thei area shoud be sucien to develop the specitied yield stengih of suds fy. ASTM ALD ATOGIM species an anchor head area qual Ye 10 tines the coss-sectional are ofthe std Iris recommend that the performance ofthe she id tinforosment be serifod Defer hr ae [ACH SIN permis shes reinfoceemsent placed perpen ar the plane of the sab Tnclned shear cenfercewent (Fig. A.) anchored a close as possible tothe top and bottom of he slab is also permived: the inclination of the ars enhances the effectiveness of shew reinforcement ile 2014). ‘A2—Siud arrangements, ‘Shear studs inthe vieiity of rectangular coke should tbe aanzed en peripheral ines The tern “peter line” is usedin his report mean aline runing palo and at ‘constant distance fiom the sides he col ees ein, Figure 42 shows atypia! arangerent of std shear rele forcement in the vii ofa ectangular inti, dg, and ‘coma colun. Toss (Dilga ad ial 1981) showed that sas are mon efsive nea column exncs, Fortis e850, ‘hoa ste Fig. 4.2 are align with cota faces, Ino direction parallel 0 a column face, te diane between lines of hear stusshould ot enced, weve dis the ec- five depth ofthe lb. When stirups are ued he same limit forg shoal be observed (Fig. A 18) ‘The stad amangemen. for eirularcoluims is sho Fig, A2, The mininiam number of peripheral Knee of shese rescan Conve stu = CapykgctO Mam -rwoanewerG(GUIDE FOR SHEAR RENFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 4217-20) 6 (Slab straps (0) Bean tests art neh staple tensa fs | (6) High tensile bolts used as shear reinforcement (@) Inclined shear reinforcement Pi, Al Shear reifmeenet expe: (a copie om ACL 318. Types (9 to (9 ae fram Gayad and Ghali 2004, Mekean ota. (1990), Muller etek, (1984), Ghak ot ah (1874, cand Dilger 2014) ‘tals, in the vieiity of restangule and circular columns, ‘A3—Stud length “The studs are most efosive when thei anchors are a lose as possible te top and boo sures ofthe sab. Unless otbesse prose, the minimum eonerete cover of ‘he anchors shouldbe as roquited by ACT 318. The ever ‘Ameren Conc Iatte -Copygied © Matsa - nw conertacrg ‘ofthe anchors should not exeoed the minim cover plas fone-half tar daieter of Mexia reinfrceren (Fig 6) ‘The mechanical anchors should bo placed in the fons hove reinforcement suppers, which ensures the specified (acl6 GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI<211R.20) zg i i i g 2d, but not less than 06 diameter of column, ‘ig, A2—Shear headed su enforcement arrangement for ‘real cohomns, APPENDIX B_PROPERTIES OF CRITICAL ‘SECTIONS OF GENERAL SHAPE. Figure sho the op Uew of criti Sections for shoat in shabs, The centroidl principal and y anes ofthe critical Seti, Fy My an My are shown in their postive ieo- tions, The deat free fy eating atthe slur cento hp May ad May epresenttheeMets af tecolura onthe slab ‘and/, and J se projections ofthe shou viel sacions ot Arzcions of principal x-and anes, “Tae coetcints and 7 ao given by Bg (BI) 10(8 6) ACL 318 ives Eq. (B.) aa (B-2. Eg, (B.2) 1 (B.6) are ‘mused on fite-ckeren Sudies (Elgar and Ghali 1996, Megally and Ghai 1996. Terie columns connections (Fi. BAs)) —— way Ait —_—— 2) Hai Edge cotun-labconncetions (Fi, 1) 3) yeah tryst eae ile ‘Comer solu -ab eonnestions (Fig, Bt) tend es) Equations (B.7) 0 (89) ive the values of Ay al Jp tha determine by Eq, (42s) the dist ition of shear test ve. whose resultant components are exactly Ve eMan aX YoMye Generally, the eical section permet ean be considered as composed of sigh sewments, The valves (fA. Jay Ad Jy canbe deemined By summation of tbe ‘contibution ofthe seginent le= dy 7) PEaborenien] an peafterenr] 6 afbesasins] a Where, yh sy andy ate ewonnates of points f and st theentemiies ofa spiel Segment whose Length is Fora sieeulr shea evita section, de = 2a aku) abd JJ 2d (tat) The vabes of 4 ig and J, ae used in Ey (42a) 0 calculate the distribution of shew ses, whose estan components are Fs Yes AM ‘When the critieal secon fas no axis of symmety, such sin Fig, 42(0), be comida principal anes can be dee mined by the relation of the centroid nouprinipal Faxes an angle 0, given by wan20=- The absolute valve of is es than 2/2 when the values rasitve 0 measured in the lockwisediection, iy and Up. can be clcaited by Eg (8 8) and (89), sudeuting Fad F for x and y. Joy is equal to d times the product ‘of inertia of the pinto OF He erica section aout the ‘ectrouhl none peiaipal ed jaset Joon de Ler 85, 75-42% 5)] 10 ‘Amwscan Conc rstum = Cryin © Natal women erg(GUIDE FOR SHEAR RENFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 421.1820) 7 (0) Interior column Fig. Shear erent sects outside searreinforeed zones and sign convention of factored ternal oes trav fm colunns tr slabs, ‘he cootdinaes of any point onthe peimetr ofthe eit eal section with respect othe enol pencipal anes can ‘be cafes by Eq (B.12) and (8.13). 2 FanO+Foin0 er yn nFaind +5 e080 eB) ‘he x ad y oooakines, determined by Bg. (B.2) and (8.13),cannow be subse in Eg (8.8) and (8.9) to give the values of Jandy ‘APPENDIX C—VALUES OF ¥.WITHIN SHEAR- REINFORCED ZONE, ‘This design procedure ofthe shear reinforcement cequres calulationef = the ital section a 2 froth ‘oluen Fce, The ve alld for vs 294" (in-tb is) (0.1796 [SH units) when stirs ace used, and 392 (ind ‘nits (028Nf"[STunks) when headedshear tse used “The aso forthe hight value of fr slabs with headed shear sud reinforcement isthe almost slip-five anchorage ‘ofthe sid, n sacral elements ceinforsed wh eomce- tinal straps the anchorage by hooks 01 50-detes ben is ‘sbjet slip, which ean be as igh 80.04 in (1 mm) when the stess in th simp leg approaches is yield srength (Leonhard ata Water 1965), Ths slip detrimental othe effectiveness of simp in slabs because of their relative ‘snl dxth compared with beam, The fluence of the sp femanifos 2) Incteae ia with ofthe shear crack by Exenskan ofthe shear ere tx the compression zone ©} Reduction cf the shat resistance of the compresion {) Reduction ofthe shea etion across the eck These elects rice the shear capacity of the conret= in labs th seraps, To eet the stip slip inthe sheat resilance equations refinement of the shear failure model ‘Averom Conese -Copyigied® Maia -warvconsele. og is requted, The empirical equation y= + voted in Ast all cols, is ot te dca approach o solve the shear ‘esign problem. A mechanies-hased model that is accep Able for codes isnot presently avaible, There is however ‘rauigh experimental evilence tha use of the empirical ‘guation y= 4. +4 sth =39f! Gn lb units) (02844 Unis) gives a safe design for abs with shear headed sud ‘enforcement. This pptcach is adopted in CSA A23.5, ‘Numerous tet slab-soluma sonaectons reinforced with ead sts ate reported in the teraure (Tabie C1) 1a rmoit of these tests, the fle is at sootions outside the stacreinfrced zone, Table C2 lists only the tests in ‘which the eure oecurred with she theasinforcd acne (Column 12 of Table C.2 xis the rato vas MBETE Vou Isthe value allowed by ACT SIN. wth y= 39). (tunis) (025% [Sl nts) (Bq. 4.33), The vaher of red ne ‘bing greater han 1.0 inicae there is say of design with = 3YC (ae lb units) (0254 [SLunis. ‘Table C. sunmatizes experimental dats of numerous Habs in ehich the macimu shoar stat y btanod in ts, ‘atthe steal socion at ud from cola fics. roaches of cexceets V2 in-tb unis) (06697 [SI mits). Table C3 indicates that vy can be safely ten equal to AN" (in-Ib ns) (0.66 (Stunts 4.3.3) Table C4 give the experimental roeus of sade having stl shew rsinfrccment wi The spacing betwee healed Stas greater or close tthe uper tint given ty (4.3 3). In Table C4, Ye is tho nominal shea? stress calculated by ACEI, with he provisions given in 43.3. The valte xe i caoulted at 2. from colin fce when fue it wsthin the shearrcinfrcad zone, of at & section ad? from the ‘ulema! stds when file oscus one the shesrcein= forced zone The aio ned Yeae being greater than 1.0 indie cites (hati is stew use headed sd spaced a the upper Kt setby Eq. (4.3.3) and cleat he strength with the provisions in4.3.3, (ac‘0 [GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI421.1R-20) ‘Table C.1—Liet of roforonces on slab-column connections tects using stud choar reinforeomont ies Feeney Tew Tag 25162) | Say wall AT 7 : 13.20 Te 96 soe36 | Notiar aa 45 29 [ownrmam96] 2057 SA na Seb sta. BS vowis | Matiatewetonte as sya | van dar Wetta 1982 = “= Ti i oi Ta Dba (Oa nT cts wa To a TES pr damary ‘Table C.2—Slabs with stud shear reinforcement falling within shear-reinforeed zone vig oat crt Te [ict |ectmcaean| saree | Zt [| oS esa ‘aa? [ante | ine |p | in| | a [enn ole le oo |» © [Lm fo | om | om = 20) | (390) 9) o o ty | aay | os | | cclnem a pe | ae 7 eT a | a [a din | cto | ay | eo | om | es a er as[ m [a] [su ]ow| iy | ue ém_| es, és |e | wo | don _| om can Ee a | ae ase | oe] me [en [su few | | te ém_| a, its | com | wo |_| om cas = wom | ae za | a] | a [sufow| iq | toe ém_| én, fer ss = ex [ean | a [| sn | aoe oo 2s | 6m Joon] | column = em | oo aH | ane an | om Joan] 9° | column = | | mf ci] me] SS | a | eh | eS] o] om | oe » | omy | ees | ar fimt| coy | dey | de | dan | diy] us| | Sie 250 _| or | ana [97 | (om, o o a1 | am | as] "| column > | Tae] lent ete |e a re 26 [aaa |e] um | o | o | am |an|on ns Cain otaiaes [oir Tenignegteoaee Cw igile aannaO ATT, Ra SEE ag H IOBTRISCNTAE Laliowe TROT Naeinvmtr Hp UH VE MINOT pp EAT 4 MDa han 9 AAD A 8) -Arvatean Conente tun - Cpyt fied © aad -wncenero.rgTable C3—Tests with maximum 4, (GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 421.19-20) MPa) (siabs with etud shear roinforeement) 19 critical saction of 2 from column face exceeding 8/1. psi (2 3, Caen aye Ronald Mat cridical ., ' Gey s4. ox lem! o | eo o 420 ow 2 Gens. am [osm | om o aes ia. Gen sa 6H loam | o o eon i ¥ 600)er. Go | es | om _| ee o ae ae : G70). am [eso | o_ | assy o 470 1 = Gc ox) leem | om Len o 649 it 2 C2). 6m Lew | oO |e o 16.66) - ‘ ema | as | oo) | 20m | or _| ees) om 19 ar 2 | eae | ao | ors | osm | oO | ces o sen, - Sis aoa. | aro] oi [asm | o_| ev o cx a 2 Lame joie} om | am] o [as o 0, ue 2 amd | eto | Go on oO Lom o B36 ay “ wm | AO | GH) | ey o om us “ woe | erm | em [erm | om | es o 833 uo ae ea | a9 | 6%) ay Oj asy o 5.02) nak 2 | wom | erm | om [en | ws | orn aon, aan 3 | eom | axn| ox [am | ea | vi x00 aa nl * | eon | on | em [on | en low 53) am» [GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI<21.1R-20) Table €.3(cont.}—Tests with maximum x, at critical section of 2 from column face exceeding 8,1. psi (2 <3, MPa) (stabs with stud shear reintorcement) » [ote [oo] om |] o Tas ° = = com fess | ain | am | @ fan] a 6a % | oom [arn | ato | as | astm | an | ae 6a a v | eos [orm | ay | ton | tn | as | ae ey ‘s * | ems. | aay | aoa | Gam | csan | aly | ase 39) hid » | one | ein | ain | atin | ete [as | con ren to Gate otwain | 019 "akon gh ale dnoehe Ciga y]onani inne Um ae ‘tar awonu genie. avenue Heke bok Se. “eble C.4—Siabs with stud shear reinforcement having » approximately equal to or greater than 0.75 Tasted] ay | penem were] Ser | 2st] ain vt | sips {remo | cigs | fats [Att [oneatd | rent | ‘ommt | (ir | dm | sa | edt | nen [pam ven | nen) | thu | em [Vir | Sow olelolololoela] o folol, « |o 5 [uate] 8 | ase [essing ie | 0 ° Fr ce cma | ea | ew [“os" fase] o | @ | oi _| om sh rae Pwo t om Ty |] 0 ° Fe ier | tm | a cm} om | _| Gm [eo | oo | oe wf rate Pwo T 3 Tay [im | 0 © ay | 6 | 1 | | ay come | ata: | ase co] o | o | 6» lam|am| oo we fos P wot sm | yy |e | 0 ° m™ [ustiw | @ lay esr | 191 | ash em] o | o | 6m loo] oe] cio 7 poz | 0 7 a0 | ogy | a | 0 ° me [ns] iw |e esier| os | aso | fom] @ | o | vm lool eel oss | w pose Poe Toe |, [oe] o ° FT a ester | 0681 | as cowl o | o | cm [or] oa | ois 9 [am [om [av | %% [vo] o | m@ | sy [er | cam | cry | 2 fesom{ an | ain | Lain | os | sss | sn | ov | cas | | 2 Jesom| am | ain | Los | wes | en | aon | ow | cs | | 8 low | exn | ais |” [cm |e | ooo | aay |e | cau | — | 4 Lesom| com | ay | [Can | es | os | aan | ew | cas | | % Jesom [arn | ay | [Gm foeo | eae | Gr | ao fem] |e 7 [esa | om [aio | %% [om |oeo | coo | am | om laom| — | 1% w [ame] we] ae Pon [To ° w [wt] — |e eso | orn | aio cm} o | o | am |e | os a ome | ofa | yy, [is |e ° we | wa [ie Te eso | eso | ais, ca] o | o | 6» [eo] ex 2 Jemmtain | ain] % [om] o | o | os» |e | a “ mercan Cone instum = Cayiied © enw wn corcreaorg‘GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 421.1R-20) a “obi C cont) Slabs with ud shear onforcoment having s proximately equal oor goa than 0.754 3 | asme | vom | cin | & | oem | Bsn | et | casa) | (00) me 4 [ass Les | cin | | ee | azo | a | as | ety | 2S | as01e6. | Ose | ay om | @ B45 | et | cas2) | 9 a © aso. | oom | cin | | eon | oe 3.60 | 8 | case, | 629) ~ foam Te 1 0 Taw |e Ler] me] a Pa ool — Tae iors | dan | aw ay[ ao] ay | aw | ow | os > [ees lee? fen Lt e |e 1 Pa pes] [ae tions | Gan | ats colo | @ | ae [os] on toe «tae P= pe |e) P= |i} aa po | css. cy * leo | @ o B39 | en | ane | 6.7 a Dae «tan t= peo: ) = pe | eo , (230190. ay | om | o Ben | 639 | oi | 52 a [Bon cm fm fem] @ | | ae [om {om | ca | [deve foe | dan | | ooo | aim [oo fom| cam | ‘Tama gv din oy hin ana fata ‘Faateaupin oemmtate rege ane) laa a akc cmc om cat eet tt ie wt at eel ADIOS Sg nl dered en he ‘Sia i mn ei co aden iv owen came if opp conan 0 ‘htt apenas APPENDIX D—DESIGN EXAMPLES The design prosalwe, presented in Chapter 4, i hse rete by numerical examples for comectens of npre= stiesod slabs wilh interior, edge and comer columns Section Dis design example of shear renforcement fr ‘connsction ofan interior columa with a prestesod sla, .1—Interior columm-siab connection “The dssign of headed suas, conforming ASTM AIOM/ AAvOUAM, i tequred aan cei coluina (Fig. D.1) based ‘on he fllowing dat column si 6X cy = 12520 in? (30S x $08 may ‘ab thickness h=7 in. (178 wen) loners cover =0175 i (19) ‘4000 psi @7.6MPa) Sled stengh of sus j= 51 ksi 350 MPa) ‘Renu rnforeernen! nominal diameter = 54 in, (16 ram) The fastoral foroes transfered fom the column to the ab ace: Vj" 110 kip (489 EN) and My = 600 hpi. (67.8 Una, Tho hve steps of despa nd in 4 ae flowed ‘Step 1~The effosve depth of slab 427-095 -(SA)=5.62n (8 09) ‘meron Cont istte = Cary © Nawal =wncoresete cry Proporis of a estes ection at 4/2 fram column fase showin Fig. 41a): by= 86.3 in, 2197 mam; = 4¥6;n? (814 6109 wn?) J, 28.0. HP (HT 2 1 yy 17.62 in (448 mn, andy 25.62 in, (651 ma “The faction of mon tansferred hy shear (Eq, (42) “The maximum shear ues occurs a= 17 622 = 881 in (224 min), and ts sala (9.4.28) LOO? | 0.36(600 1079881 _ = OPE DRET 204 pi (243 MPa) 2M a a 2 ‘The nominal sharstress that can bo resisted without hear seinfrcementat te erteal secon considered (Eq. (43.13) waste valor t= AYE ow 0h) acid2 (GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 421.120) Aya WT =aelT or 0207) ved (00347 Use the salle value: v= 46" # 255 sh OYE = 174MPa, ‘Step 2—The quit is reir than ying ‘iat shear ronfeemen requ: the sme quail Testa the per imityg~ 8 (nb wits) (959, 5 tris), wich means fa he sl hikes vague St nips a nat erie by ACT 31 Bocuse (is eter than 6 dn unis) (057 SI wis) The shee sss rsd by concrets in the presence of ‘ade sti the citi socon a2 fom cola face Y= NZ =190 ps (131 MPa) Useof By 40. (43.2. and 43.20) ghes vy, 28a 2392-190 20 ps (139 May $0.84 in. (87 my ‘Step 3—Stads’ rangement are governed by So$08d = 28 in. (71 mm)ss <0.5d=28 in. 71 am) This example as boon provided for ane specific type ‘of headed! shea stud reinforcement, but the spprech ean be alpled and used alo for other types mentioned in Appanin A, ‘Using 38 in. (9.9 mm) dlameter stds welle to a botorn chor suip 316 x Vin? (5 x25 oun’), alog with a cover ‘of 34 in, (19 mm) at top and bier, resus n a speci ted ‘overall eight of headed stud assembly ving most et ciency) 4.40) 1-7-2014) =55 in (140mm) The actual overall Height onsering: manuteturing tolerance) should not bess than /, ~ 1/2 the diameter of flexural enforcement bars (8 in) ~ 53116 in. (132 a) ‘With 10 studs per peripheral line, choose the spacing ‘eseon peripheral ines,» ~ 2.75 in, (70 mm) ed the spacing baween coli face ana frst peipher lite, «= 225 in (57 ma) (Fig. Dl) A. 004 vo 275 140 in. (10.1 0) ‘hig alae is greater than 0.34 in, (87 min, inciating that the choice of studs and her spacing ate adeaute, acre Archer had ier, - 98 Ts TINT Gierever { Section 8 Typical sta rete, Oe ahin Sd enh, $n = sean =H) HOLPE 4 oe ‘ypu apg sateme SP | | Smee, tover tA? Fig. D-J—Bxampleof interior colunnesla connection: stat carrangomert. (Nove: Vin. = 25.4 mim hip = 4448 1X) “Sep «Selection ofthe outer sheer cis section i an imtve poe, Asaguess assume wertcal section at 45d from colurn face (Fig 4.10): 45, a =4.5(562)=253 in (649 mp 4= 61.6 (159% mm he = 70640. (1793 am) Y= 039 (Ba, (0.2) 1= 84.10, (4651); by = 209 8, (5329 mem) dem 1179 a2 (76D6 + 10) sandy $47.3» 10 int C278 108 my ‘The maximum shew siess inthe critical seston oars on Fine AB at x=62,62 = 31.848 (798 mm Bg (4.20) gives 0x10? 03 NEO «109313 mT sae =107 psi (0.74 MPa) “eM etapa 096 Moo 125 psi (O17 = 087 MPay ‘The valve (v/4)= 142 psi (0.98 MPa) is eeatr than y, = 126 psi (0.87 Ma), which indicates at shear sts shoul ‘Ameran Cone ratus ~ Copyinied @ Nadal wireencetacrg(GUIDE FOR SHEAR RENFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 4271.20) 2 be checked at a> 4.5. Try 10 peripheral ins of studs; the dliianc between column fe and eeros! peripheral ine ofendsis fe $95 2.25-+90.75) =27 in, 686 mm) ‘Check shear stes at critical section at a dstnce from column fice (od 274 d2=27 + 562/2~298 in. (757 mm) 2x _298 73m"? 2e=12s pcos aay 2F=126 psi 087 Pa) Step 5—Te value of) ess ha ye whi nists that the extent ofthe sheareinforeed zone, shown in Fi DLL adequate ‘The value of Vjusod to calcu the maximum show sess ‘ould have been tec by the counteracting factored load ‘nthe slab aoa closed by the ere sachs this rehic- tions ignored in D2 Ds. D.2—Edge column-slab connection ‘sign the stds rete at the edge cohunn-stabconmec- ‘ionin Fig, D2{a)basod onthe following datarcolumn cross section, 6.x 6 = 18x 18 in? (457 x 487 mam the vals OF, nde fo By a4 dyin Section DA apply herein ‘The conection isdsignal for gravity bak corbined with ‘sind loadin poate or agatives-inection, Cases Fand aue consid. which produce eeme steses at Points B Sand A of the shear citi soion at v2 from tne colin for at D and C of the shear critical seston at e/2 from the ‘owermnest peripheral line of sts (Fig: D 2a) an (9) The factored foroes, due to gravity load combined with wind heal are given (Case Wind fad in negative iret Y= ¥6 kip (GD EN) y= 1720 kin, (194 KN, Min=0 For the shear este section at d2 for can fice, 5:17 in, and Ea. 42d) gives May= 1720436 (8.17) = 1530 kip (173 EN, M0 Cage Il—Wind load in postive odirction 1 10 ip 4 kN Mey —900 kip, 102 KN) Mg 900+ 108.17) = -952 hip, (1O7AN ‘The fe steps of design outline n 4.4 ae alowed ‘Aare Conc Ieitte ~Copyrgnled © Nasal - wi corte fo ohne Fig, D2—Exanple of age calinnsla comsetion: shear ‘eriea sets ad seud avargoment (Note: 1. = 254mm ‘Table D.2—Shear stresses" (psi) due to factored loads; edge colummslab connection (Fig. D.2) sea witel ain [Cue ‘coetl Minions | | oe | Oo | Net vemos |e | tae | Ce _| Oe seiptrallinet via [ay] a7 |) geese oem thane ‘Step J—Propenies ofthe dear eiticl sestionatdP rom ‘umn fice shown in Fig. 45, 6525 in (1581 om) Ac=367 in? O37 1 a) = 17.83 = 10 in 0.338 10" ea) “The faction of moment tensferred by shea" (9 (EA) Ra ‘The shea stessat Points andB. calculated by Eq (4.28) with gy ==14.17 in crxg = 6.54 fae gen in Table D2. ‘The maximuam shew sues, in absolute als, ovcus at Poi a (Case Dard (vale HMO TS = 5k p= 7.1 Ye (G13 MPa = 0.5990 “The noel sear tex tht can he resid witout shear reinforcement a he shoat eral section, vy = 444 = 252 psi (033ve'= 174 MPa}, ‘Stop 2—Bocause the value (944) exceeds vy shear rin forcement is required; the sume quantity is fee thas the (actsPy ‘GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACL 421.1820) uppet lini vs =BV¢' psi @.6610" MPs sh tickest adore, “The shear stress resisted by cover in presence of beaded ‘star the shearer ston a2 fo the cor aces 1 etYFrxI99 pico29y2=1 91ND Use ot Ba (4.13 (43.2), md (43.20) snes cating hat the wetbey, ‘= 451-190 =261 poi (1.80 MPa) 4 e ite Ags = 033 in. (&5 sm ‘Step 3—Siuds’snangcrentare gover by sy £OSd~2.8in, 1 rm) s £0Sd~2, Usiny 38 in. (2.5 ram) diameter suds ranged a shown in Fig. D210), with sy=.2.33 in. (57 mem) ands =2.75 in, 7D rim) gives (ys) ~9(011V2.75 = 0.36 in, (2.1 mm) This atic © greater than 0.99 in Sram), ind saing ha the soice of studs and tht spacing are adcoute Siu? 4—Tiy nine perphera Tins af sus; ihe propetis ‘ofthe shearertial section at 2 from he omermest priph- crallineof studs are 2, (383 mm) A= TAD in? 49% 1 wen) 142.9 1D in (5948 = 10 mm), Sn, (1148 mm) (1829 a) in 71 mm) ‘y= 030 (82) 27.6 in. (-701 ma) "The factored shearing force and slab rnoment at an axis passing through tbe conoid of the shear erie secon ‘outside the sheat-tenfored zone, are (Ea, (4.22); mel Fe=364ip (0 Ng = 1720435186) 1050 ipa, (118 KN) cm = scpct aN May = 900 + 10(—1 8.6) = —1090 kipsin, (-123 Nem) atin hugh sem stu a Porte snd D, sel ne D fo Ces an "Te maroc sca roc, ste abe, oi Point D (Case 1) and |(n/¢)nl = 8740.75 = 116 psi = 1.8Nf" (Go Meso 1S) Toe nna sen sag oe fe tinged nel oe MN) son wre. Sop The sae ise ar ining at te event ofthe searsenred see, a shown iF Day alone (eck Fig, D.S—Brample of corner colunrsioh conection: ‘hear evita! sections and stad arvangenens Note: | ie 249m) 3—Comer column-slab connection The comer cclimrslsb conection in Fig. D2) is designed for staity oaks combined with wind oad pos= tie or negative Erection, The crot-sectionl denon’ ofthe column are ey = cy ~20 in. $08 mM) (Fig. D(a). ‘Hesse vale off dou D. ae dh 9D. apply it ‘his example, Two case: end If are considered. producing ‘reine shear stesses.at Poin Aan B ofthe shear eiial schon at dP from the cohim af at Cand D of the sheat stitial scoton at 2 fcr the outermost periphaal line ff studs (Fig. D.Na) and (hp), The fated Fores, du 19 _wuvir louis combined with wind lod are giver, ‘Case L_Wind load in positive direction Y= 6 kip Q7AN) gy = 388 ip (38 EN Mug ~ 238 kip-in, 27 N19) _ Forthe theo iil section st 2 fom column fen, y= (181 omnpanal O= 4S degrees thus. a. (4.20) Mg = 3384 6(-710)= 381 hips Mg =23846(-7.11)= 195 kipin, My =132 hpi. 15 kN- Ti, =4or ipa (46k) The aforementioned moment sali are called by substation of Mize My. Foe ad Oin Eq (42a) ard (429, Cave H—Wind boa in negative Erection hip O7 EN): 89 kip. (108 kN) Magy = 377 iit, (43 kN) Mg = 983+ 22(-7.11)=797 kipins 377+ 27.0) = 221 kipin rsedean Conrt stu ~ Copyied taal wwstcaneraa ery‘GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 421:1R-20) 5 Mo ~ 720 kipin. (BL kN); = 407 kipin, 46 KN ‘The five stop of design ouined in 44, re followed Sep J—Properies of the sheatevtel sect tn Fig 3a) as y= 45.8 in (1159 na) om 257 in (166 5 17 in) Jy #2125 «Wind 0.27 «19 ms!) Hn $57 «10 in 232 » 10 ut) ‘The projections ofthe crcl section on he and y-axes ae: fy 16.13 in 410 mm and Jy = 32.26 in, (820 mm) ‘The factions of lsh moments esferred by sear are (E (Bs) and (8.6) 20267; y,, 204 DMO? ‘The factored shear stress at Point A (807, 163 in) in case His (E4209) x10, O:$407 10916 13 S57 gaa6K10" 0.267132 10") (2807) 22 LDIOHBDN) 199 na (1.39, rd ps (1.33 MPa) Simi auton she he vlc fy Pint Aad B (807,049 fr Cass Lan ich ned in Table D3 ‘ho maximum ser sss, insole vale, coca at int B (Case) and a = 1640.75 = 485 p= 77 (G35 MPa = 0644), ‘The nominal shear tess tha can be rest without shear reinforgnent a he bear ete iad section, ye N= 253 pt (ff3 = 1.74 MPa) CE (3.16) (43.10) ‘Sp 2—-Besats the value (9) ences: shea ete foyetnt ix Foye the sti quart is Tus that the pe init BNF, pi (R66 MPa) nating at the sta hicknese Rade, “Theses ses rtd by onesie prsanc of headed stat he serertalsec ona d2 ra coir aes UF ~ 199s 02547? =131 ro eof (4.1). 43 2, and 4220) ges = 885=190.=295 pe (2.05 may Ath EME ost ‘Sep 3S arrngenent is governed by ss0sd Sin. (71 my: S05: 2812.71 mmy {sng 3/8 n. (0.5 ma diameter suds, arn as shown in Fig, D3), with = 2.25 in, (57 mm) and s = 2.5 in. (64 Arsen Care sits —Copyaiect© Nadal ‘Table D.3—Shear stresses" (psi) duc to factored loads; corner column-slab connection (Fig. 0.3) atonal ew poe f tce fons [toe Tea fomonenen [on | an | woe | tue nheiodes Pep aE arpa mim) ives: ys) = 60.11Y2S = 026 in, (6.7 mm) This ‘alu the sane as that calculated in Sep 2, indicating at the choiceof ands and ther spacing ae equate, ‘Sep 4—As a gues, by soven prphral ns of studs: the poperiesoftheshea rte section a? fromthe outer rot peripheral kne of tds (Fig D.S(b)) re Jom For —V73Tin (441 rn Omascegen 4,69 in, (1754 mm Ac=268 in? 251 "108 oa) Jp= M169 * 10 in! (48.64 « 10 ry = 9.60 = 105 00 » HP rt) As an example of application of Eq. 8.8, calulat the Jevalue for tbe ouer shea sisal section in Fig. DW), ‘The coordinates othe poants Co Fae: xa) Pum Subsiuing these values in Ea. (B.3) ves the encibue fons of CD, DE, and EF 6 J,~ 540% 10%, 89 «1D, and S40 "108i esposively The sum gives: Jy 116.9 108 int Jo=180in (380mm) Tp =567 i (1439 mM t= OAD KEG.) yn 0.4 KE4 8.6) The fuctored chearing force and slid moment about the ‘enol pineal ane of the shear eritcal section outside the shearrinfceed zone (Eq (4-24) and (4.2), ae cael: f= 6 kp (271) gy = 407 Kirin. (46 WN Skipsin. 25 kN) wears ng2% ‘GUIDE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI421.19-20) Use off (4.28 give the vals ofyatPoins C(-1038, 28.3 in) an D (439, 13,36 in) for Cases Tad I, se in Table DS, “Theinaninurn shear stein absolute val, oseurs a Point © (Case 1 and fj] = HOTS = 119 p= ESKER? MPa = 0.169(. The nonna shear sess uti the shear ein 7916 126pxi@.17 e087 MPa, ‘Step $—The value of fy) ss than inkeating thet the event ofthe shea-teinfared zone, a shown it Fis 1.3). ssumcien, D4—Prestressed slab-column connection Design the sheer remorcement required for ot inte ior column, transfering V5 = 110 hip (490 KN) combine ‘sth slab momen! Moy = $80 lap, (62 Nm) 10 & pone tensioned fat plat of thickness, m7 in 178 nn). The sl has equal spant 280 «240 in? (7.41.71 me) The coum sizzis 1616 in2 406» 406 mm). The values off and D, in Dal apply hovein, Teno pres are eammly ‘composed of parabolic segments, for which the average sffetve pests fy ee balance a faction «ofthe Selfavelght (hj) Do? URE area, pus the superimposed ead load of intensity can be caleubted as (Gayed and ‘Ghat 206) (Fig. D tay). ENC 20 Tg Sn un way whee Zs the pel feng. and geometrical parame and he dined in Fig, D(a), Choose the vals: 3 IVA (24 Nin) v= 27 VP (13 KPa) L220 in (741m) = 7in. 178m) = 38in 87 mm Equation (0.4) ges fc ™ 202 psi (1.39 MPa). This level ‘of prestessing is closely aoqited by ten 0.5 in, severswire postiensiened non-bonded strands per panel. The eros- ‘ction ata per svand= 0.217 in? 140 mn) the average vale of the elective compressive stess provided by 1D tendonsincach of wo deetons is 16810") fp ABA 04 isa ay Preceing tendons ae ypiaty paced bands over sport lines in one dvstion end rifornly dibutd in te perpendicitar tection. 1) the caren’ exam, the preoming tendons are banded into secon wl unifrmly dud inthe ydacestm (Fig, D4). ACL S18 eyas hata act 0 tendons should pas oh the colin cage i ec diceon th aranganeat ofthe tendons as shown in Fig DC) satis this euite men ACISIB quire a ranimam amount of bonded kp Ba sini bars inthe vicky of te clu: choos eight (acl Ta ¥ ie ‘ aa a (Pref de mde pl into ey ee a (4 aranccefeconsand aed tal harem Fig. Dt—Exunple conection of interior presressed slab (Wow: 1m = 25.490) coon ars of dhamter dy = W/2 bn. forcarity, the honda bars ate ‘noi shown in Fig. D4. check tint the eros-sectional areas ofthe bonde dara nonbonded reiforcerment sais! he uli- mate exural strength required is necessary but is beyond ‘he scope ofthe present report. Puarching shear desig T= 110 kip (490K), My = 580 ip. (62 KN- ‘Thefive steps of design, olned in 4, ate followed Sigp 1—Propertos of the shear erica ston a 2 fro thecolumaare AS we, d= ~34 = 1/2 25.75 in (L450) b= 87in, 210mm) 0024523 «10? mn) Ha 30A «Din! (16 10" rat) T= be = 217510. (832 mm) tie= 04 (Eg (82)) "The macinum shea ste occurs ai x= 21.752 = 1088 in. 276 mim) and its vale is (Eq (423)) 10-10! | 0400380>.107 10.85 52K pi (1 94 MPa) st ial HLL as pinsoff? (259 MPa=049f7) 2 = BH a5 pin SVT r= 049i ‘Amwican Concrete sts ~ Coyied © Maw wnwcoreretacra(GUIDE FOR SHEAR RENFORCEMENT FOR SLABS (ACI 4217-20) 2 ‘Te three conditions, warming he we of Eq (S10) are satisfied ar the considered connection, To tendons hom ‘ch diteton interoap the sical section a 2 om the column; he sun ofthe ental componens ofthese endons tthe locaton of the shear ertcal section, ¥, = 6 kip (26 AN) His uncertain th the actual cable profil, i the x and yoitectons, will have slopes matong hose us in calculating Vp (© 0.02: thus, for safety, assume that p= O. Subsinuting the values of aa F ng (31a) wives 59000 +03(194)+0= 280 psi (1.98 MPap Soe Sits sy (pail dv eng tat bor wafers requ G0 sano quay 8 iseshan te erin = 8 int 8 [SL sis} bis ncosth the ala Hikn ees adequate “The shear sess resist y cover in he presence of inde Vic lbh mon sl om olan F190 ps 1.31 9) Use of Eg 1) (43.20, and (4326) ns yy 2 TBA y, 2375-190 185 psi CL 28MPa) ° Apmis SCN «99 in, @omm a pn Oz Om) Seep 5—4vi8) <6 (psi; thus, straps or bended studs can be used, For case of installation of the prestessing lencns, se Suds wih v= 0.754, lease te cabin wih ‘large with respect tod sight studs po perpheral line will ‘American Conc Iatte -Copygied © Mada -nworconetecrg rot satisfy the roquitemen! g © 2d (Fig, 136); choose 12 sls per peripheral; eS O5d=2-7Pin (71 ran 0.75445 in, 117 rn) With wove 88 in. stds per peripheral ine and spacing, Ain, (102 my 33 in. 4mm) “This va is rome han 0.32 in, (@ mun), indicating dat the doiceaf susan their spacing ave adequate ‘Sep 4—As a gucis,asuine seven peripheral lines of stats. Propenis of etica section a 2 fn the eters. peripheral ine of te (Fig DQ) ae rf ‘7 04 (Ea. (B2)) 124g anh, =235 0, Ac 135K ind = sa82 = 1 int “The maximum shear ctessin th steal section occu at: 1275.52 = ATAin. (989 mn) By 28) BW 040(S50.10) 378 eNaxI0 nav? 91 psi 02 MPa) “sr vam 2N6'= 126 psi (v= 0.17NG'= 0.87 MPa) Sep $—The value of (14) = 9YO.75 = 121 < 126 psi Indicating thao ecient Of the shearranoread 202,36 shown in Fiz. D4) isadequte‘American Concrete Institute ‘Always advancing ‘As ACI begin its second century of advancing concrete knowledge, its original chartered purpose remains “to provide a comradeship in finding the best vraysto do concrete work of all Kinds and in. spreading knowledge.” In keeping with this purpose, ACT supports the following activities ‘Technical committees that produce consensus reports, guides, specifications, and codes. 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American Concrete Institute ‘38800 Country Club Drive Farmington Hills, ME 48931 Phone: +1.248.848 3700 Fax: 1.248.848.3701 wwem.conerete.org,‘American Concrete Institute a "hivays eovancrs ‘saa00Couny Cho One ‘amon a, 148331 USA ‘12485885700 ‘The Americen Concrete institute ACs a leadhg authority end resource worldwide forthe development and distibution of consensus-based Siandaids and technical (esources, educational programs, and certifications for indiduais and organizations Involved h conerete design, constuction, ‘and materials, who share a commitment to pursuing he best use-of concrete Individuals intorosted in the actnties of ACI are encouraged to exctorethe {ACI wetste for membership opportunities, committee activites, an a wie varity of concrete resources. As a voluntees member-iven orgenizaton, ‘ACI hutes parineishins and welcomes all concrete professionals who vsh 10 be part of @ tespected. connected, social group that provides an opportunity for professional grow, networking end enjoymont, Il I 990893 |