Lorriane B.

Paluga 1-29-2021
Educational Statistics
Assignment 1

1. Differentiate descriptive statistics from inferential statistics

Descriptive statistics describes or summarizes a given set of data using

numbers and graphs, while inferential statistics allows you to make
predictions or inferences from the data you take from samples and make
generalizations to a population.

2. Cite examples for each type.

Examples of a Descriptive Statistics

 You collect data on the NAT scores of all Grade 9 students in a school
for 5 years. You represent or summarize the data through a graph and
you interpret it.
 You want to know the sales of your business for the past 6 months.
You collect the data of your sales from June-December and you make
a graph. Then, you interpret the date being shown from the graph.

Examples of an Inferential Statistics

 In healthcare, you want to know the blood sugar level of your patient.
You take a blood sample from your patient and through tests and
experiments; you can make inferences or predictions.
 In a school, you want to know the English proficiency level of students
in the 10th grade. Instead of collecting the data from the whole
population of Grade 10 students, you choose representatives or
samples. You can make general inferences or conclusions from the
sample based from your further research, observation or testing.

3. Differentiate population from a sample; constant and variable

 A population refers to the complete set of entities under study, while

sample is a part or portion that is being selected to represent the whole
population.
 Constant is a quantity that can assume only one value and cannot be
changed, while variable is a quantity that can vary from one individual
or object to another.
4. Describe probability sampling method
Probability sampling method is mainly used in a quantitative research. In this
method, every member of the population has a chance of being selected.
There are different types of probability sampling. These are as follows:
 Simple random sampling
 Systematic sampling
 Stratified sampling
 Cluster sampling

5. Define non-probability sampling method

In this kind of sampling method, not every member of the population has a
chance of being selected. It is because you select a sample based on a non-
random criterion. There are different types under non-probability sampling and
these are as follows:
 Convenience sampling
 Voluntary response sampling
 Purposive sampling
 Snowball sampling