A

Project Report

On

“Investor perception towards different investment avenues in

navsari region”

Undertaken at

Nirmal bang

Submitted By:

Parth Chauhan
Enrolment No: 201803100310014

Guided by:
Mr. Nisarg Shah

Submitted To:

BhulabhaiVanmalibhai Patel Institute of Management,

Uka Tarsadia University

Academic Year 2019 -2020

Acknowledgement
I am greatly thankful to BhulabhaiVanmalibhai Patel Institute of Management, for giving
me an opportunity to work on “Investor perception towards different investment avenues in
navsari region” project at Nirmal Bang

I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Vijay Gondaliya, I/c Director of

BhulabhaiVanmalibhai Patel Institute of Management, Gopal Vidyanagar, Uka Tarsadia
University.

I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to my internal guide Mr. Nisarg shah and company
guide Mr. Pragnesh Gandhi whose constant help and support at all stages of this project has
enabled me to complete it.

Last but not least, I thank all those who have helped me directly or indirectly during the
course of this project.

Parth Chauhan
201803100310014
Declaration

I, Parth Chauhan from BhulabhaiVanmalibhai Patel institute of Management, Uka Tarsadia

University, hereby declare that the project report entitled “Investor perception towards
different investment avenues in navsari region” has been undertaken as a part of 6th
Semester of Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) syllabus of Uka Tarsadia
University, Bardoli. I declare that this report has not been submitted to any other university
or institute for any other purposes.

Date:

Place: Uka Tarsadia University Parth Chauhan

201803100310014
 INDEX

Ch. No Topic Page No

Acknowledgement

Declaration

Executive Summary

1 Introduction

2 Review of Literature

3 Research Objectives

4 Research Methodology

5 Data Analysis

6 Findings

7 Conclusions

8 Recommendation

9 Reference

10 Appendix
List of Tables

Table No. Table Description Page No

List of Figures / Charts

Chart/ Table Description Page No

Figure No.

Enrolment number

List of Abbreviations
Executive Summary
Para 1 About your Project

Para 2 Brief Methodology

Summary of Questionnaire with Value

Para 3 Findings

Para 4 Conclusion

Para 5 Recommendation
1.ABOUT COMPANY
1.1 Introduction:
NIRMAL BANG Securities was founded in 1986 and is based in Mumbai, India.
Nirmal Bang Securities Private Limited, a retail broking house, provides an online
share trading platform to customers to trade on equities, derivatives, commodities,
currency derivatives, insurance, depository services, and subscription to initial
public offerings and mutual funds in India.
Nirmal Bang is drawn from a diversity of professional backgrounds, and blend of
experience, skill and dedication is shared with its clients. Nirmal Bang
emphasizes adequate, thorough research local and world-wide developments,
balancing these with the astute discovery of intrinsic values, synergies and
growth. The aim is simply to help the investors to maximize their returns.
The company offers daily and company reports, stock ideas, and sector updates. It
also provides franchising opportunities to individual to use its infrastructure by
being its channel partners. Nirmal Bang group has membership of Bombay
exchange limited, National stock of India Limited, multi commodity exchange of
India limited and is also a depository of NSDL and CDSL, the depository of the
country.

1.2 Business Focus

The focus of the business is the customer-customer service, customer education,

customer relation and last but not least customer acuquisition.The execution
transparency, timely settlement, risk monitoring and superior service shall have
topmost priority, in the best interest of all concerned.
1.3 Vision, Mission Statement and Company’s Value

1.3.1 Vision Statement:

“TO CREATE VALUABLE RELATIONSHIP AND PROVIDE THE BEST

FINANCIAL SERVICES MOST PROFESSIONALLY”

1.3.2 Mission Statement:

“TO WORK TOGETHER INTEGRITY & MAKE OUR CUSTOMER FEEL
VALUEED”
1.3.3 Core Value:
“RESPECT OUR COLLEAUGE AND THE BUSINESS ITSELF”
1.4 Product & Services
Nirmal bang offer a diverse range of financial services which includes institutional
and retail brokerage of equity, derivatives, commodities, currency, online trading,
depository services, distribution of IPOs , mutual funds, fixed deposits & bonds,
dedicated desk for NRIs and institutional clients, insurance broking(both life &
general), clearing services, margin financing, investment banking, portfolio
management, wealth advisory & research.

 Equity & Derivatives

"Shares are the most Commonly known form of investment in the world .It gives
you part of ownership or share in Business .An equity investment generally refers
to the buying and holding or trading of shares to gain income from daily price
movements, dividends and capital gains, as the value of the stock moves. The
tenure of investors varies from few minutes (for day Trader's/ arbitrageurs-Short
term) to multiple years (for long term investors). In today’s equity markets
provide modern, fully computerized trading systems designed to offer investors to
invest in easier way”

 Forex-Trading

Trading in currency derivatives or Forex trade as it is better known is a very

lucrative investment option in India. Nirmal Bang provides our services as the
retail Forex brokers to our esteemed clients on a personalized level. Our extensive
research based speculations help the clients to choose the right currency to trade
 with and help them secure maximum benefit from the investment. Our online
Brokerage services are committed to provide better and faster execution of this
difficult trade on behalf of the investors in the simplest manner.

 Commodities
"We offer our clients commodity trading in the commodity markets involving
Grains, metals, oil, crude, etc. Our personalized services in commodity trade and
investment through our competent and knowledgeable team of professionals
involve trading of commodity derivatives in terms of futures and options.

 Institutional Broking
The institutional broking at Nirmal Bang Broking offers corporate houses and
institutions dealing capabilities on India leading stock exchanges (NSE and BSE)
in the cash and derivatives segments. This unit has devised a process driven
approach to address the needs of institutional Clients who have unique and
specialized investment needs.

 Depository Service
We at investment ideal offer depository service which is registered as a
depository participant with NSDL & CDSL. Enjoy the dual benefits of trading
and depository services under one roof and experience efficient, risk-free and
prompt depository service.
1.5 Nirmal Bang Group

Table 1.5.1

Name Position
Mr. Rahul Arora Chief Executive Officer
Mr. Vishal Mulchandani Vice President
Mr. Dilip M. Bang Director
Mr. Kishor M. Bang Director
Mr. Rakesh Bhandari Chartered Accountant
Mr. Deepak Agrawal Chartered Accountant
Mr. Shuvinay Sharam Chartered Accountant
Mr. Naresh Samdani Chartered Accountant
Mr. Deepak Patel Chartered Accountant
Mr. Sunil Jain Chartered Accountant
Mr. Anup Agarwal Chartered Accountant
Mr. Brijmohan Bohra Chartered Accountant
Miss. Monika Bafna Chartered Accountant
Mr. Brijmohan Bohra Company Secretarial

 Nirmal Bang Profile

Registered office:

“NIRMAL BANG HOUSE”

38, Khatau Building, Floor,
Alkesh Dinesh Modi Marg, Fort,
Mumbai-400 001,
Maharashtra, India.
Tel: 91-2264-1234, Fax: 91-3027-2006

Navsari Branch
202 Manohar empire Complex, opp. Daboo Hospital,
Near Fuwara, Station Road, Navsari- 396445

 Geographical Overview
NIRMAL BANG is the stock broking firm of the 7500 crores (approx) with over
89 branches,3000 employee (approx),28 lakh investors.
 Present in 26state
 89 Branches
 More than 2000 employees
 More than 360 cities
  More than 2000 Franchisees

 Performance Graph of the Nirmal Bang

Graph 1.5.2

Profit
18 ccrccxcccr.)
15.3
16
14 12.4
12
10
7.4
8 profit(in cr.)
6 4.2
4 2.2
2
0
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

 Principal activities of ‘Nirmal Bang Group’

 Member: National Stock Exchange of India limited
 Member: Bombay Stock Exchange Limited
 Participant: National Securities Depository Limited
 Participant: central Depository service (India) Limited

 Nirmal Bang Commodities Private Limited

 Member: Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited
 Member : National commodity and Derivatives Exchange Limited

 BANG Equity Broking Private Limited

 Member: Bombay Stock Exchange Limited

 Nadi Finance & Investment Private Limited

 RBI registered Non-Banking Finance Company

 Publication of NIRMAL BANG

 NIRMAL BANG- Beyond Market
 Organization Chart:

Chairman

Managing

Director

Zonal

Manager

Regional

Manager

Alternative Operation Human

Retail
Channel Channel resource
Marketing Territory Team
HR Executive
Manager Manager
Territory
Branch Operation
Manager
Manager Manager
Channel
Branch
Executive
Manager

Asst. Br.

Manager

Business DEV
MGR.
Sales
DEV MGR.

Sales Dev.

Mgr.

Chart 1.5.1
 Competitors
 Share khan Limited

 Karvy stock broking

 Motilal oswal Securities

 Religare Securities

 India Info line

 ICICI Direct

 Reliance Money

 Kotak Securities

 UTI Securities
2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Investment is the application of money for earning more money. The investment basically
refers to the buying of financial product or any value item with anticipation that positive
returns will be received in the future. People are earning, but they do not know where,
when and how to invest their funds or money earned by them. A proper understanding of
money, its value, the available investment avenue, various financial institution providing
the facility of investment the rate of return or risk.

Each investment alternative has its own strength and weakness. Some options seek to
achieve superior return, but with corresponding higher risk. Other provide safety but at the
expense of liquidity, but at the cost of return.

Investment is a sacrifice from current income to gain returns at a later stage or date.
Investment should be done to yield more return than rate of inflation. The current income
of an individual can be put aside for two things either consumption or savings. The money
once consumed is gone forever, whereas the savings bears fruit.

In this uncertain and volatile life, even the markets refuse to perform as per the
expectation of the investor. Hence, one need to analyses well in advance which security
can be considered worth of invests into; which security is suitable.

Investors are homogeneous group, they may be a large or small, rich or poor, expert or
lay man and not all investors need equal degree of protection. An investor has three
objectives while investing his money, namely safety of invested money, liquidity positio9n
of invested money and return on investment. The return on investment may further be
divided into capital gain and return on investment as interest or dividend. Among all
investment option available, securities are considered the most challenging as well as
rewarding.
Major element of any investment is time and risk. It purely depends upon individual
capacity to give importance to either of the two elements, on the basis of one’s need. There
are plenty of areas where money can be invested like government bonds, equities, gold,
real estate, stocks, fixed deposits, etc. A proper planning and analysis should be done in
order to reach to a perfect decision of investment or portfolio management.

2.1 Investment Objective

An investment is made because it serves some objective for an investor.
Depending on the life stage and risk appetite of the investor, there are main three
objective of investment: safety, growth and income. Every investor invests with a
specific objective in mind, and each investment has its own unique set of benefits
and risk.

 Safety:
While no investment option is completely safe, there are products that are
preferred by investors who are risk averse. Such near-safe products include fixed
deposits, savings accounts, government bonds, etc.

 Growth:
Many investors, a majority of them invest to receive capital gains, which means
the y want the invested amount to grow. There are several options in the market
that offer this benefit. These include stocks, mutual fund, gold, property,
commodities etc.

 Income:
Some individual invest with the objective of generating a second source of
income. Consequently, they invest in products that offer returns regularly like
bank fixed deposits, corporate and government bonds, etc.

2.1.1 Other objective:

 Tax exemption:

Some people invest their money in various financial products solely for reducing
their tax liability. Some products offer tax exemption while many offer tax benefit
on long term profits.
 Liquidity:
Many investment options are not liquid. This means they cannot be sold and
converted into cash instantly. Such liquid instruments include stock, money
market instrument and exchange treaded funds, to name a few.

 Total return:
Total return investing factor in both capital appreciation – how fast the share price
grows – and dividend yield. Total return is sometime called growth with income

2.2 INVESTMENT ALTERNATIVE

Investment avenues are the outlets of funds. There are varieties of Investment
Avenue or alternative. The investors are free to select any one or more alternative
avenue depending upon their needs. An investor can select the best avenue after
studying the merits and demerits of different avenue. Even financial advertising,
newspaper supplements on financial matters and investment journals offers
guidance to investor in the selection of suitable investment alternative. The
following investment avenues are popular and used extensively in India:-

 Investment in shares, debentures and bonds of different types issue by

companies and public sector organization.
 Post saving schemes

 Public fund, public provident fund and other tax sheltered savings
schemes such as national savings schemes, national saving certificates
and tax saving schemes of LIC, ICICI, infrastructure bonds and so on.

 Investment in investment intermediaries such as UTI and mutual funds

run by LIC, banks and HDFC, etc.

 Deposits in companies or deposits in public sector organizations and

banks.

 Life insurance investment i.e. investment in different life policies such

as whole life policy, endowment policy and so on.

 Investment in real estate.

 Investment in gold, silver, precious metals and antiques.

  Investment on GILT – edged securities and securities of government and
semi – governments

2.3 Investment Avenues

All categories of investors are equally interested in safety, liquidity and reasonable
return on the funds invested by them. In India, investment alternatives are
continuously increasing along with the new corporate securities, public
provident fund, mutual fund etc. thus, wide variety of investment avenues are now
available to the investors. However, investor should be very careful about their
hard money. There are several investment avenues are available in India.
Perceptions of investors toward different investment avenue are different according
to their savings. Different Investment Avenue are as follows:

Low Risk Avenue:

 Saving account
 Bank fixed deposit
 Public provident fund
 National saving certificate
 Post office saving
 Government securities.

Moderate Risk Avenue:

 Mutual fund
 Life insurance
 Debenture

High Risk Avenue:

 Equity share market
 Commodity market
 Forex market
 Traditional Avenue:
 Real estate
 Gold
 Silver

 Equity share:

Equity investment represents ownership a running company. By ownership, we mean

share in the profits and assets of the company but generally, there are no fixed returns.
It is considered as risky investment but at the same time, they are most liquid
investment due to present of stock markets. Equity shares of the companies can be
classified as follows:

 Blue chip scrip

 Growth scrip
 Income scrip
 Cyclical scrip
 Speculative scrip

Features of equity share:

1) Equity shares are permanent in nature.

2) Equity shareholders are actual owner of the company and they bear the highest
risk.
3) Equity shares are transferable, i.e. ownership of equity shares can be transferred
with or without consideration to other person.

4) Dividend payable to equity shareholders in an appropriation of profit.

5) Equity shareholders do not get fixed rate of dividend

6) Equity shareholders have the right to control the affairs of the company.

7) The liability of equity shareholders is limited to the extent of their investment.

 Debenture and government bond:

A debenture is a debt instrument which is not backed by any specific security,
Instead the credit of the company issuing the same is the underlying security.
 Corporate treasury uses this as a tool to raise medium – to long – term funds. The
funds raised become part of the capital structure but not share capital of the company.

Bond, however, in India is typically issued by financial institutions, government

undertakings and large companies. The interest rate is assured and is paid as affixed
interval. In today’s scenario, you see many government undertakings and companies
issuing bonds. These are done to fund their long term capital expenditure needs. In
case of a government, raising the same help in funding its current expenditure. There
are many types of bonds, but only a few types are relevant to the Indian marker are as
follows:
 Deep discount bonds
 Corporate bonds
 Sovereign bond
 Convertible bond

 Public deposit

A company can accept deposits from the public to finance its medium and short term
requirement of funds. This source has become very popular off late because companies
offer higher interest than the interest than the interest offered by the bank. A company
wishing to invite public deposits makes an advertisement in the newspapers..

Features of public deposits:

 Total public deposit cannot exceed 25 percent of the paid up capital and free
reserves of the company.
 It is an uncertain source of financing.
 There are legal restrictions on the acceptance and renewal of public deposit.

Advantage of public deposit

 Acquisition of finance through public deposits is very easy.

 Interest paid on public deposit is tax deductible expenditure.

 Administrative cost of issuing a public deposit is lower than the cost involved in
issuing shares and debentures.

 Since the rate of interest paid on a public deposit is fixed, it helps the company
play trading on equity.
  It does not dilute the control of shareholders.

 Bank deposit

In deposit terminology, the term bank deposit refers to an amount of money in cash or
checks form or sent via a wire transfer that is placed into a bank account. The target
bank account for the bank deposit can be any kind of account that accepts deposits.

Types of bank deposit

Time deposit:
A deposit at banking institutions that cannot be withdrawn for a present fixed
‘term’ or period of time. When the term is over it can be withdrawn or it can be
rolled over for another term. Generally, speaking the longer the term the better the
yield on the money.

Fix deposit:
Fix deposit (FD) is a financial instrument provided by bank which provides
investors with a higher rate of interest than a regular savings account, until the
given maturity date. It may or may not require the creation of separate account.

Recurring deposit:
Recurring deposit a special kind of term deposit offered by banks in India which
help people with regular incomes to deposit a fixed amount every month into their
recurring deposit account and earn interest at the rate applicable to fixed deposit.

 Post office saving

Post offices in India play a vital role in the rural areas. They connect these rural areas
with the rest of the country and also provide banking facilities in the absence of banks in
the rural areas. They come under the department of pots which is the part of the Ministry
of Communications and Information Technology under the government of India. The apex
body of the department of postal service board. The board consists of a chairman and six
members.
Types of post office saving schemes:
 Post office monthly income scheme:
 Post office monthly income account is meant for those investors who want to
invest a lump sum and earn interest on monthly basis for their living.

 Public provident fund:

Public provident fund, properly known as PPF, is a savings cum tax saving
instrument. It also severs as a retirement planning many of those who do not have
any structured pension plan covering them.
 National saving certificate:
It is popularly known as NSC, is a time tested tax saving instrument that
combines adequate return with high safe.

 Post office saving account:

Post office saving account is similar to a savings account in a bank. It is a safe
instrument to park those funds, which you might need to liquidate fully or
partially at very short notice.

 Post office time deposit:

Post office time deposit account is just like the bank fixed deposit account. These
time deposits are meant for those investors who want to deposit a lump sum for a
fixed period.

 Senior citizens saving scheme:

Offer fixed investment option for senior citizens for a period of five years, which
can be extended, at a higher rate of interest that are paid in quarterly installment.

 Recurring deposit account:

Recurring deposit account is a systematic way of saving money. The scheme is
meant for those investors who want to deposit amount regularly or periodical
basis.

 Mutual fund scheme

A mutual fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investor who share a
common financial goal. The money thus collected is invested by the fund manager in
different types of securities depending upon the objective of the scheme. These could
 range from shares to debenture to money market instruments. The income earned through
these investments and the capital appreciations realized by the scheme are shared by its
unit holder in proportion of the number of units owned by them. Thus mutual fund is most
suitable investment for common man as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified,
professionally managed portfolio at a relatively low cost. Anybody with an inventible
surplus of as little as a few thousand rupees can invest in mutual fund. Each mutual fund
scheme has a defined investment objective and strategy.

Characteristics:
 A mutual fund is actually belonging to the investors who have pooled their funds.

 A mutual fund is managed by investment professionals and other service provider

who earn a fee for their services, from the fund.

 The pool of fund is invested in a portfolio of marketable investments. The value

of the portfolio is updated every day.

 The investors share in the fund is denominated by ‘units’. The values of the
units change with change in the portfolio’s value, every day.

 Insurance policy

It is must for every individual to keep himself/herself updated about insurance policy
information, as buying best insurance policy with maximum coverage is the need of all.
If you don't want to end up with a wrong choice, it is important to gather the insurance
policy information from different sources. Right choice will ensure best returns in future.

There are several details in an insurance policy. It is comprised of various features.

According to the kind of health risk it weaves along specific features and benefits.
Pertaining to that each policy offers different kind of coverage. More so, one must not
forget that a policy includes various insurance terms. You must be aware of the following
terms used in this field: premium, deductibles, exclusions, coverage for pre-existing and
existing diseases, waiting period and risk period. It is only after comprehending all these
terms that you can choose the best plan, which is must to avail quality care.

Obtaining all complete insurance policy information is extremely important for the buyer.
Before taking any final decision, the individual must go through all the related details.
Right choice in this regard can annihilate all health related worries. The person can claim
best medical care under the coverage of a suitable plan. Today health insurance policies
have been designed not only for individuals but also for families, group and seniors. This
offers wide range of choice to masses. As per the need all can invest in the plan that can
promise best and comprehensive coverage in times of need. Also, affordability issue is
resolved with the policy variants. They enable people to buy the plan even with higher
sum insured. This helps them claim maximum benefits as per the pocket size. However, to
avoid any confusion while selecting the plan, the buyer is strictly advised to go through
complete insurance policy information.
 Public provident fund

The public provident fund is savings cum tax saving instrument in India, introduced by
the National Savings institutes of the Ministry of Finance in 1968. The aim of the
scheme is to mobilize small savings by offering an investment with reasonable returns
combined with income tax benefit.

 PPF Maturity Options:

 Complete withdrawal.

 Extend the PPF account with no contribution:

 PPF account can be extended after the completion of 15 years. This is the default
option meaning if subscriber doesn’t take any action with one year of his PPF
account maturity this option of extension with no contribution is chosen.

 Extend the PPF account with contribution:

 With this option subscriber can put money in his PPF account after extension. If
subscriber wants to choose this option then he needs to submit from H in the bank
where is having PPF account within one year from the date of maturity.

 Gold

Gold is one of the most popular precious metals for investment today. It can be passed
on from one generation to the other by way of inheritance.Bought for consumption
purpose or as an investment avenue. Thus, we can attach following three values to
gold:

 Emotional value:
 Gold in the form of inheritance or gift on special occasions like marriage,
birthdays, etc.
 Consumption value:
For self-consumption or for future generation for their consumption or gift.

 Investment value:
As a hedge against inflation & during economic uncertainties as a medium of
exchange.
 Ways of investing gold:

1) Purchase of physical gold

2) Investment through gold mutual fund
3) Investment thorough gold exchange traded funds
4) Investment through derivative markets
5) Electronic gold

 Real estate
Real estate popular as an investment avenue not just in resident Indians but also with
Indians posted offshore or on secondments to international destinations. If you are
already serving a home loan while going on a posting abroad, nothing much changes.
The government is plying messiah by assisting the industry with favorable schemes
such as introduction of real estate investment trusts and in VITS easing FDI norms in
real estate and most recently the favorable amendment in the Regulatory Bill etc.
There exists a light at the end of the tunnel. There exists a substantial potential upside
in both commercial and residential

Real estate in India for the next 5-8 years. With traditional bank financing for real
estate remaining hard to come by and likely revival of the real estate industry in sight,
the most likely vehicle to sustain and develop this space is alternate investments via
private equity funds that are in a position to provide, demand and deliver.
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
1) G.C.Venkataiah and Prof. B.K. Surya Prakasha Rao (2018), measured the impact of
demographic factors on the investors choice of investment and to analyze the decision of
the investors towards various investment avenues across gender followed by an attempt to
elucidate the factors that influences the investors preferential selection of various
investment options. The study was conducted in Vijayawada city of Andhra Pradesh with a
sample size of 120 respondents. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study and
the primary data was collected through schedule method with the help of a structured
questionnaire and direct interview method and the sampling technique adopted was
Convenience sampling technique. Data was analyzed and interpreted with the help of
statistical tools like Mean, Standard Deviation, Chi-square test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U
test and Kruskal-Wallis test. The study concludes that investments by the investors towards
various investment avenues.

2) Dr.S.Poorna Prabhat, N.Srivani and Ch.Varalakshmi (2016), analyze investor’s

behavior towards different investment avenues from the respondents of Vijayawada city.
The demographic variables and objectives of the investors have been obtained from
respondents and the relationship between variables has been analyzed. The study also
offers suggestions to the investors to make investments. Primary data was collected by
using the questionnaire approach from 100 investors of Vijayawada region. Chi-Square test
was used to test whether there was a relationship between various factors and the level of
risk taking ability of the investors.

3) U M Gopal Krishna, Aliya Sultana, T Naraya Reddy (2019), attempted to find out the
investor’s perception in primary and popular investment avenues in Kurnool District of
Andhra Pradesh. From the respondents all Demographic variables and investors objectives
have been collected and computing the relationship between these variables and objectives
of the investment. Furthermore the study also finds the investor’s investment decision
making behaviors in their investment avenues. Descriptive Research Design has been
used, because of the data has been collected in single time period and this study
explains a common trend of investors’ perception.

4) G. Velmurugan1 V. Selvam2 N. Abdul Nazar (2015), attempted to examine the

investors perception towards various investment avenues in Vellore city, Tamil Nadu, India.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Primary data using convenient sampling through
questionnaire and interview method as well as secondary data from wide range of
literature from various journal publications had been utilized. Frequency distribution,
percentage analysis, Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis Test were used to test the
objectives of the study. In order to test the reliability of the scale, the researchers
applied Cronbach’s Alpha (CFA) to measure the internal consistency of the variables.
Findings: The findings of the study on investors’ perception towards various investment
avenues emphasized that the aged and high income investors prefer to invest only in
post office and bank deposits for safety investment reason. Originality/Value: An
Empirical Analysis on Investors’ perception towards various investment avenues in
Vellore city, Tamil Nadu and India is the original work of the authors.

5) Shivam Bhardwaj ,Dr. Ankit Saxena (2020), study the impact of the demographic
profile of the investors in Agra on their risk perception towards various alternative
opportunities and to know about investors preferences toward investment. Convenient
snowball sampling was conducted for research, and the responses were received using
a structured questionnaire. An appropriate statistical analysis was performed over the data
collected using SPSS. Results revealed the point that the most prominent reasons for
investment are principal stability and growth of income. A sample of 60 investors using
convenient sampling technique is taken into consideration to conduct research.
Responses were received using questionnaire and the Chi-square test was applied for
finding out the impact of the demographic profile of the investors on the investment
pattern with the help of hypothesis testing, and for finding out the most preferred
investment alternative among the investors.

6) Dr. S.N. Geethaa, Dr. K.Vimala (2014), discussed about how demographic variable
influence the investment decision and how Information technology has also deeply
influenced the operations of financial markets. The changed scenario has also led to a shift
in the perception of the individual investors toward various avenues. This study is based on
sample survey method. This study mainly assesses the level of awareness, to know the
perceived opinion and to measure the attitude of individual investors toward financial
instruments. The subjectively decided sample size of 500 investors /respondents has
been taken from the “targeted relevant population segment “based on the purposive
random sampling covering different gender, income, education ,age and occupation.

7) V.L.Shobhana and J.Jaylakshmi (2006), intro of a research on “investors awareness

and preferences – A study” with an objective to examined the level of investors awareness
regarding investment options and investment risks. The tool uses for data analysis were
percentage analysis and Garret ranking technique. The researcher concluded that awareness
about investment options and risks are high among aged, high educated and those who are
professionals by occupation. Demographic variables such as age and education do not have
significant influence over investor’s awareness whereas difference in occupational status
leads to difference in the awareness level of investors.

8) Avinash Kumar Singh (2006), intro of a research on topic “investment pattern of

people” with an objective to analyze the investment pattern of people in diversified analysis
of the study was undertaken with the help of survey conducted city. The technique uses for
data analysis were convenient sampling technique. The researcher concluded that many
investors are more conservative in nature and they prefer to invest in those avenues where
risk is less like bank deposits, small savings, post office savings etc.

9) Mittal M. And A. Dhade (2007), intro of a research on “gender difference in investment

risk taking: An Empirical study with an objective to observed that risk taking involves the
selection of options that might result in negative outcomes. The used ‘Prospect theory’
developed by Kahneman and Tversky. The researcher concluded that all investment
involves risk.

10) Sunil Gupta (2008), intro of a research on “Investment pattern among different groups
in city has relabeled a clear as well as a complex picture with an objective to awareness
about different investment avenue”. The technique uses for data analysis were convenient
sampling technique. The researcher concluded that most of the cities though being rich have
a tendency of investing then surpluses in FD of bank, provident fund real estate etc.

11) Manish Mittal and Vyas (2008), intro of a research on “Investors have certain
cognitive and emotional weakness which come in the way of their investment decisions”
with an objective to identify investors risk taking ability. The technique uses for data
analysis were convenient samplings technique. The researcher concluded that India
investors with a different personality types and explores the relation between various
demographic factors and the investment personality exhibited by the investors.

12) Arul Stephan and Dr.V.Darli8mg Selvi (2009), intro of a research on “Investment
Avenue for senior citizens” with an objective to idea about investment will provide senior
citizens a steady income which helps them in the phases of rising cost in future. The tools
uses for data analysis were percentage analysis and Garret ranking technique. The
researcher concluded that it is the need of hour for the elders to think and act wisely in their
investment decision. As all the investments are not equally good, awareness of various
schemes and the aged will help them to select the best suitable investment avenue.

13) G. Prabakaran and G. Jayabal (2009), intro of research on “investors risk tolerance
towards mutual fund investment with an objective to know risk taking ability of mutual
fund holder. The researcher concluded that mutual fund investors from low and moderate
risk tolerance of individual investors. The mutual fund organizations most consider these
socioeconomic variables of the investors that have an important influence on investment
decision making.

14) S. Saravana Kumar (2010), intro of a research on “An analysis of investors preference
towards equity and derivatives” with an objective to aware of risk involve in derivative
market. The researcher concluded that even though risk is higher, some investors prefer
derivative market where return is also higher. The investors are highly satisfy with equity
shares because of many reasons, i.e., liquidity, low investment, capital appreciation etc.

15) P Neelakantan et.al (2011), intro of a research on “Impact of risk analysis in selection
of Investment Avenue – A study on debt market investors” with an objective to investment
in debt market instrument as become an imperative choice of the investors with the
objectives of return optimization. The tools uses for data analysis were percentage analysis
and Garret ranking technique. The researcher concluded that risks in debt market
instruments are poised of the demands that bring variations in the return of income.

16) V.R.Panalanivelu & K.Chandrakumar (2013), intro of a research on “A Study on

preferred investment avenue among salaried people with reference to Namakkal Taluk,
Tamil Nadu, India” with an objective to identify the preferred investment avenue among the
individual investors in Tamil Nadu. The tools uses for data analysis were percentage and
chi-square test with the help of using statistical software. The researcher concluded that
many of them invest in common investment avenue and not aware about investment in
share market, equity etc.

17) Priti Mane (2016), discussed the customer perception with regard to the mutual funds
that the schemes they preferred, the plans they are opting, the reasons behind such
selections. This research dealt with different investment options, which people prefer along
with and apart from mutual funds, like postal saving schemes, recurring deposits, bonds,
and shares. Conclude that mutual fund linked with share market and investors are not taking
advice from authority advisor to lead them for their investment in mutual fund so it creates
the difficulty to select the mutual fund plan favorable for them.

18) Shukla (2016), attempted this research paper, about investor’s preference towards
investment avenues and the study focused on the salaried person only. The author
concluded that majority of the respondents invested their money based on education
background and they invested in purchasing home and long-term investment. Respondents
have the criteria of investment as safety and low risk.

19) Amudhan et al. (2016), analyzed the performance investment behaviour concerned
with choices about purchases of small amounts of securities, deposits, mutual fund,
insurance, Chit Funds. Researcher confirmed that there looks to a positive degree of
correlation between the factors that behavioral finance theory and previous empirical
evidence identified the average investor. The result described investment offer to a person’s
money to gain future income in the form of interest, dividends, rent, premium, pension
profit or approval of the value of their standard capital.

20) Selvi (2015), discussed some studies that are available on the investors' attitude towards
investment avenues failed to offer a lot of information the conventional investment avenues,
bank deposits and gold are the most preferred avenues, while insurance schemes and post
office instruments are getting increased attention. She concluded most of therespondents
have not preferred to invest their savings in UTI and mutual funds.

21) Vaidehi et al. (2016), argued that because of different investment strategies as motives
and styles by different needs. It studies the need for better accepting of behavioral pattern
the paper investors, the behavior pattern would aid the investment advisors to envision how
the investors respond to market schedule, and would allow them to developed suitable
allotment approaches for their customers. Among the selected factors the investment
motives, attained the long-term gain, which established toan essential factor chased by
dividend and growth prospects and balancing of short-term and long-term gain. Educational
qualification, occupation, age, income and amount of equity investments choose the
investing styles of the investors notably.

22) Mishra (2015), explained that this study aimed to investigate perception of investor
towards mutual funds with travel the important aspects of mutual funds affecting perception
of investors and it examined difference of perception of large and small investors based on
explored factors. Difference of view about mutual fund analyzed with the help of‘t’ test.
Small investors focused on tax returns and savings but large investors expect future return.
Thus mutual fund companies must give due significance to these size for their survival and
growth in Indian context.

23) Rastogi (2015) , analyzed behavioral feature in the investment choice making method.
Behavioral finance provides solution to many problems until now not answered suitably by
the usual finance theory. The study concluded that behavioral biases not affected by the
combined categories of gender and occupation.

24) kumar (2015) , carried out a research to find what plays a vital role in the minds of the
investors before decided on investment. The nine factors namely security, risk tolerance,
lucrative return, investment duration, periodic return, share preference, long term
investment, futuristic return and investment dynamics influenced the investor’s perception
the author conclude that investors compared their returns and calculate the inverse
proportionality between time and the return. Among these factors, the futuristic goals of
equity investors are very considered as a factor important for estimating their level of
satisfaction.

25) Muruganandam et al. (2015), examined the evidence that investor’s intention of
analyzed investor’s perception towards risk and return on investment shares in organization
their portfolio constructions and the strategies of portfolio management. Suggested that
successful companies must thorough understanding of psychology of the investors revealed
that proper diversification of portfolio would make sure the investors to get higher return,
higher salary and high liquidity with least risk.
`

4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 Need for research:

In this competitive scenario many financial organization provide private and public
investment opportunity for the people to invest in different avenue. Investment Avenue
is available with in terms of different risk and return. Investment Avenue is positive
source of income for investor. Most of investors have lack of knowledge about
investment scheme and they are not properly aware about the alternatives. This
research helps to identify investors risk ability and perception of rate of return and
provide guidance to investors to where, when and how to invest in different avenue.

 Title of project:

The problem has been study on “Investors Perception towards different investment
avenues in Navsari Region.”

 Research objective:
A. Primary objective:
 To study investor perception towards various investment avenues.
B. Secondary objective:
 To identify the awareness level of investors.

 To study preference of investor towards various investment avenues.

 To study factors considered by investors while selecting an investment avenues.

 Research design:

Research design is specification of the plan and method that helps to collected the
relevant information. The researcher has been use descriptive research design in this
study to know the problem of the subject under investigation.

 Variable under study:

 • Risk tolerance
• Time horizon
• Return on investment
• Safety
• Investment knowledge
• Income and net worth

 Tools/techniques for data collection:

There are main two techniques for data collection:
I. Primary data collection
ii. Secondary data collection
The researcher has been use primary data collection technique. Primary data has
been collected through questionnaire from respondents.

 Sampling design:

A. Sample unit:

The researcher has been study of investor in limit of region of Navsari

city.
B. Sample size:

The sample size of 100 respondents has been taken from Navsari.
C. Sample technique:
The researcher has been use non-probability convenience sampling technique.

 Tools for data analysis:

Data has been presented in form of charts and tables for proper understanding of the
result of the research.
 Limitation of the study:

 The result cannot be generalized because survey conducted in limit of

area.
 Sometimes respondents not give appropriate response.

 Researcher may not get answer properly due to lack of knowledge of

responded.

5. DATA ANALYSIS
Table 1.1 Representing Gender of respondent

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative

Percent Percent
Valid Male 81 81.0 81.0 81.0
Female 19 19.0 19.0 100.0
Total 100 100.0 100.0

Chart 1.1

Interpretation
From the above chart we can interpret that 81% of male invest in different investment
avenues and remaining 19% female invest in different investment avenue, so majority
proportion of investment come from male person in navsari region.
Table 1.2 Representing Age (In Year) of respondent

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative

Percent Percent
Valid 18-30 52 52.0 52.0 52.0
31-45 21 21.0 21.0 73.0
46-60 20 20.0 20.0 93.0
Above 7 7.0 7.0 100.0
60
Total 100 100.0 100.0

Chart 1.2
Interpretation
From the above chart we can conclude that out of 100 respondents the majority belongs to
age group between 18 to 30 that is 52 %, while the age group of 31 to 45 is 21% and 46 to
60 consists of 20%. Only 7% investment comes from above 60 years people.

Table 1.3 Representing Occupation of respondent

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative

Percent Percent
Valid Business 26 26.0 26.0 26.0
Service 43 43.0 43.0 69.0
Retried 5 5.0 5.0 74.0
Student 7 7.0 7.0 81.0
Professional 18 18.0 18.0 99.0
Farmer 1 1.0 1.0 100.0
Total 100 100.0 100.0

Chart 1.3
Interpretation
The table shows that majority of respondents that is 43% of investors are from service
sectors so they are possessing private sectors or public sector. In navsari region 18% of
investment belongs to professional people and only 7% students invest in different
investment avenues.

Table 1.4 Representing Qualification of respondent

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative

Percent Percent
Valid Primary 14 14.0 14.0 14.0
School
High School 23 23.0 23.0 37.0
Graduate 43 43.0 43.0 80.0
Post 20 20.0 20.0 100.0
Graduate
Total 100 100.0 100.0
 Chart 1.4

Interpretation
Above graph states that 43% investors are graduate and 20% of investors are post graduates
and 23% of investors have completed their schooling . The level of literacy is good in
navsari region.

Table 1.5 Representing Annually income of respondent

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative

Percent Percent
Valid Bellow 57 57.0 57.0 57.0
3,50,000
3,51,000- 27 27.0 27.0 84.0
500,000
5,01,000- 9 9.0 9.0 93.0
700,000
Above 7 7.0 7.0 100.0
700,000
Total 100 100.0 100.0
 Char1.5

Interpretaion
The above graph states that out of 100 respondents, majority of investors that is 57%
respondents possess bellow 3, 50,000 incomes. And 27% respondents have 3, 51,000-
500,000 income. And 7% of respondents have more than 700000 level of income.

Table 1.6 Representing period prefer for investment

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative

Percent Percent
Valid Short term (0-5 year) 52 52.0 52.0 52.0
Medium term (5-10 35 35.0 35.0 87.0
year)
Long term (above 10 13 13.0 13.0 100.0
year)
Total 100 100.0 100.0
 Chart 1.6

Interpretation
From the above chart and table it can be interpreted that 52% of investor prefer short term
(0 to 5 years), 35% of investros prefer medium term (5 to 10 years) and 13% investor prefer
long term (above 10 years). Most of investors prefer short term for invest in avenues. Future
is uncertain so majority people believes that short tem investment is better option.

Table 1.7 Representing Cross tabulation between annual income and

period of investment

Annually income * Period prefer to invest Cross tabulation

Count
Period prefer to invest Total
Short Medium Long term
term (0- term (5-10 (above 10
5 year) year) year)
Annually Bellow 40 14 3 57
income 3,50,000
3,51,000- 12 12 3 27
500,000
 5,01,000- 0 7 2 9
700,000
Above 0 2 5 7
700,000
Total 52 35 13 100

Interpretaion
From above table, it interprets that income group of below 350000 investors prefer short
term of investment that is for 0 to 5 years that is 52 respondents. The income group of
500000 and above 700000 mostly prefer long term investment that is 13 respondents. The
income goup of 351000 to 500000 prefer medium term investment that is 35 respondents.

Table 1.8 Representing the proportion of income invest yearly

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative

Percent Percent
Valid 0% - 20% 51 51.0 51.0 51.0
20% - 35% 36 36.0 36.0 87.0
35% - 50% 11 11.0 11.0 98.0
50% and 2 2.0 2.0 100.0
above
Total 100 100.0 100.0
 Chart 1.8

Interpretation
From the above chart and table it can be interpreted that out of 100 responded 51% invetors
invest 0 to 20 % of yearly income, 36% investors invest 20 to 35% of yearly income, 11%
investors invest 35 to 50% of yearly income and only 2% investors invest more than 50% of
yearly income. At least we should contribute 0 to 20% of our income in different investimet
avenues for better living.

Table 1.9 Representing Cross tabulation between annual income and

proportion of income

proportion of income Total

0% - 20% - 35% - 50% and
20% 35% 50% above
Annually Bellow 42 11 4 0 57
income 3,50,000
3,51,000- 6 18 3 0 27
500,000
 5,01,000- 2 6 1 0 9
700,000
Above 1 1 3 2 7
700,000
Total 51 36 11 2 100

Interpretaion
From above table we can conclude that there are 42 respondents that spent 0 to 20% on
investment and there income falls below 350000. There are 3 respondets who spent 35 to 50
% of their income and their annual income is above 700000

Table 1.10 Representing expectation of return on investment

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative

Percent Percent
Valid Less than 1 27 27.0 27.0 27.0
year
1 - 3 Year 35 35.0 35.0 62.0
3 - 5 year 27 27.0 27.0 89.0
5 - 10 year 10 10.0 10.0 99.0
More than 10 1 1.0 1.0 100.0
year
Total 100 100.0 100.0
 Chart 1.10

Interpretation
From the above chart and table it can be interpret that out of 100 respondents 27% expect
return in less than 1 year, 35% investor expect return in 1 to 3 years, 27% investors expect
return in 3 to 5 years, 10% investors expect return in 5 to 10 years and 1% investors expect
return more than 10 years. Majority of people expected their return in 1 to 3 years on their
investment.

Table 1.11 Representing get information about investment avenue

Frequency

Broker 59

News paper 37

Friend &relatives 41

Internet 47

Advertisement 24

News channel 35
Financial planner 72

Hording 25

Chart 1.11

Interpretation

From the above table and chart it can be shows that 59% investors get information about
investment avenues from brokers, 41% investors get information from friends and relatives,
24% of investors get information from advertisement, 25% investors get information from
hordings, 37% investors get information from news paper and 47% investors get
information from internet, 35% investors get information from news channel and 72%
investor get information from financial planner.
5) Through whom you invest? (Multiple choice)

Frequency

Stock broker 37

Mutual fund 33
company

Through agent 35

Online 29

Bank 87
Interpretation

From above table it can be interpret that out of 100 responded 37% of investors invest
through stock broker, 87% investor invest through bank, 33% investor invest through
mutual funds, 29% investors invest through online and 35% invest though agents, most of
investors make investment through the bank .

6) Where do you generally prefer to invest (where 5=Highly prefer, 4=Prefer, 3=Neutral, 2=Highly
not prefer, 1=not prefer)

Mean value

Saving account 3.74

Bank deposit 4.09

Shares 3.03

Debenture and government bonds 2.72

Mutual funds 3.52

Post office savings 3.34

Insurance 3.91

PPF 2.74

Gold 2.49

Money market security 2.13

Real estate 2.45

Precious object (painting, old coins) 2.12

Interpretation

From the above table and graph it can be interpret that, the highest mean value is of bank
deposit is 4.09 so we can say that majority investors highly prefer bank deposit as it is more
secure investment avenue and which consists fix interest rate. The mean value of money
market security and precious object is near by 2 so it shows that investors are not giving
much prefernce in such avenues. Because individual investors can not invest in money
market securities.

Cross tabulation between age and investment avenues

Age (In Year) * where prefer to invest Saving account Cross tabulation
Count
where prefer to invest Saving account Total
Not Highly Not Neutral Prefer Highly
Prefer Prefer Prefer
Age (In 18-30 4 1 22 16 9 52
Year) 31-45 1 0 8 8 4 21
46-60 0 0 4 8 8 20
Above 0 0 1 1 5 7
60
Total 5 1 35 33 26 100

Interpretation
From the above table it can be interpret that, investor whose age between 18 to 30 neutral
with the saving account as it offers you liquidity and safety.

Age (In Year) * where prefer to invest Bank deposit Cross tabulation
Count
where prefer to invest Bank deposit Total
Not Highly Not Neutral Prefer Highly
Prefer Prefer Prefer
Age (In 18-30 4 1 12 21 14 52
Year) 31-45 0 1 5 5 10 21
46-60 0 0 1 5 14 20
Above 0 0 1 0 6 7
60
Total 4 2 19 31 44 100

Interpretation
From the above table it can saws that the investors of age group between 18 to 30 and 46 to
60 who highly prefer bank deposit because it gives tax benefit, flexibility and also higher
rate of interest.

Age (In Year) * where prefer to invest Shares Cross tabulation

Count
where prefer to invest Shares Total
Not Highly Not Neutral Prefer Highly
Prefer Prefer Prefer
Age (In 18-30 7 10 12 13 10 52
Year) 31-45 3 5 5 2 6 21
 46-60 1 9 6 2 2 20
Above 60 1 4 0 2 0 7
Total 12 28 23 19 18 100

Interpretation
As per above table it can be interpret that investor whose age between 31 to 45 and 46-60
neutral about invest in shares while 18-30 age investor highly prefer shares as its gives
higher return than the bank deposit. And also gives a dividend income.

Age (In Year) * where prefer to invest Debenture &Government bond Cross
tabulation
Count
where prefer to invest Debenture &Government Total
bond
Not Highly Neutral Prefer Highly
Prefer Not Prefer
Prefer
Age (In 18-30 7 12 14 17 2 52
Year) 31-45 3 7 4 5 2 21
46-60 2 11 6 0 1 20
Above 0 6 1 0 0 7
60
Total 12 36 25 22 5 100

Interpretation
Above table states that, investor whose age between 46-60 not much prefer debenture and
government bond, As holding a debenture the lender loses their right to vote and take a
share of company profits.

Age (In Year) * where prefer to invest Mutual fund Cross tabulation
Count
where prefer to invest Mutual fund Total
Not Highly Neutral Prefer Highly
Prefer Not Prefer Prefer
Age (In 18-30 3 3 10 12 24 52
Year) 31-45 4 3 3 6 5 21
46-60 2 6 4 5 3 20
Above 3 0 3 1 0 7
60
Total 12 12 20 24 32 100

Interpretation
From the above figure it saws that majority investor prefer mutual fund because it gives risk
reduction, convenience and fair pricing.

Age (In Year) * where prefer to invest Post office saving Cross tabulation
Count
where prefer to invest Post office saving Total
Not Highly Neutral Prefer Highly
Prefer Not Prefer Prefer
Age (In 18-30 10 10 18 11 3 52
Year) 31-45 3 2 5 4 7 21
46-60 0 1 3 5 11 20
Above 0 0 1 1 5 7
60
Total 13 13 27 21 26 100

Interpretation
Above table states that investor whose age between 46 to 60 and above 60 people highly
prefer post office saving as the risk exposure is very less to the account holders because
they can avail an assured return on all the investment.

Age (In Year) * where prefer to invest Insurance Cross tabulation

Count
where prefer to invest Insurance Total
Not Highly Neutral Prefer Highly
Prefer Not Prefer Prefer
Age (In 18-30 4 1 9 20 18 52
Year) 31-45 0 1 4 10 6 21
46-60 1 1 4 9 5 20
Above 0 0 1 5 1 7
60
Total 5 3 18 44 30 100
Interpretation
As per above table it can be interpret that investors whose age between 18 to 30 and 31-45
prefer insurance because it provides financial protection and encourages saving which
beneficial from the future perspective.

Age (In Year) * where prefer to invest PPF Cross tabulation

Count
where prefer to invest PPF Total
Not Highly Neutral Prefer Highly
Prefer Not Prefer Prefer
Age (In 18-30 4 23 8 8 9 52
Year) 31-45 2 12 1 1 5 21
46-60 1 15 1 0 3 20
Above 0 6 0 1 0 7
60
Total 7 56 10 10 17 100

Interpretation
As per above table it can be interpret that people age between 31-45 investing in ppf as it
gives tax benefits, investment security and core advantage of its transparency, and as a
pension tool.

Age (In Year) * where prefer to invest Gold Cross tabulation

Count
where prefer to invest Gold Total
Not Highly Neutral Prefer Highly
Prefer Not Prefer Prefer
Age (In 18-30 12 10 21 4 5 52
Year) 31-45 8 4 6 2 1 21
46-60 4 5 7 3 1 20
Above 2 3 2 0 0 7
60
Total 26 22 36 9 7 100
Interpretation
Above table states that investor whose age between 18 to 30 neutral on investing in gold as
it has gives liquidity and high volatility in the price.

Age (In Year) * where prefer to invest Money market Cross tabulation
Count
where prefer to invest Money market Total
Not Highly Not Neutral Highly
Prefer Prefer Prefer
Age (In 18-30 3 42 4 3 52
Year) 31-45 0 19 2 0 21
46-60 0 19 1 0 20
Above 0 7 0 0 7
60
Total 3 87 7 3 100

Interpretation
As per above table it can be interpret that people age between 31-45 and 46-60 highly not
prefer money market security because an individual not able to do investing in money
market security

Age (In Year) * where prefer to invest Real estate Cross tabulation
Count
where prefer to invest Real estate Total
Not Highly Neutral Prefer Highly
Prefer Not Prefer Prefer
Age (In 18-30 8 23 12 4 5 52
Year) 31-45 7 8 2 3 1 21
46-60 5 8 1 3 3 20
Above 2 1 3 1 0 7
60
Total 22 40 18 11 9 100
Interpretation
From the above table we can conclude that most of the investor highly not prefer real estate
investment as it has less liquidity than others investment avenues.

Age (In Year) * where prefer to invest Precious object (painting old coins)
Cross tabulation
Count
where prefer to invest Precious object (painting old Total
coins)
Not Highly Neutral Prefer Highly
Prefer Not Prefer Prefer
Age (In 18-30 11 28 6 5 2 52
Year) 31-45 4 15 2 0 0 21
46-60 2 16 1 0 1 20
Above 1 5 0 1 0 7
60
Total 18 64 9 6 3 100

Interpretation
The above figure it saws that investor whose age between 18 to 30 and 46 to 60 not much
prefer precious object because it’s not provide regular current income and poor liquidity.

7) Which factors do you consider while investment? (Where 5=Highly consider, 4=Consider,
3=Neutral, 2=Highly not consider, 1=Not Consider)

Mean value

Investment horizon 3.26

Safety 4.68

Liquidity 3.28

Professional advice 4

Expected return 4.74

Investible surplus 3.68

Capital appreciation 4.47

Past market trends 2.69

Future financial planning 2.73

Contingency 3.81

Retirement 2.93

Health care 4.57

Interpretation
From above table and chart we can conclude that the highest mean value is of expected
return that is 4.74 it indicates that investors highly consider this factor while doing
investment as expected return on investment is key aspect from the investor’s perspective
and also investors highly consider safety and its mean value is 4.68, as ever individual who
invests wants safety of their investment. And they also give preference to health care, which
play a vital role in every individual life. the investor is neutral with the investment horizon
and liquidity on their investment Investors consider contingency and professional advice
while doing investment as future is uncertain as any point of time any emergency emerge
investors can utilize those funds. Professional advice seeks professional knowledge and
professional advisers have specific knowledge regarding investments. The investors
preference to the past market trend and future financial planning which indicates they
highly not consider this factor. Past market trends refers not all time circumstances are
same.

Cross tabulation between age and factor while investment

Age (In Year) * Factor consider while investment Investment Horizon Cross
tabulation
Count
Factor consider while investment Investment Horizon Total
Not Highly Neutral Consider Highly
Consider Not Consider
Consider
Age (In 18-30 6 1 23 8 14 52
Year) 31-45 2 0 11 7 1 21
46-60 7 0 8 5 0 20
Above 1 0 1 1 4 7
60
Total 16 1 43 21 19 100

Interpretation
From the above table it can be interpret that investor whose age between 18 to 30 neutral
with the investment horizon as some of investor not much thinking about their investment
period, some doing for long term and some of prefer medium and short term. It is totally
differ from every individual to individual perspective.

Age (In Year) * Factor consider while investment Liquidity Cross tabulation
Count
Factor consider while investment Liquidity Total
Not Highly Neutral Consider Highly
Consider Not Consider
Consider
Age (In 18-30 5 2 18 19 8 52
Year) 31-45 4 2 9 5 1 21
46-60 2 1 10 6 1 20
Above 0 0 3 3 1 7
60
Total 11 5 40 33 11 100
Interpretation
From the above figure it saws that investor whose age between 18 to 30 consider the
liquidity of their particular investment. It consists convert something to cash and maintain
its value.

Age (In Year) * Factor consider while investment Professional advise Cross
tabulation
Count
Factor consider while investment Professional advise Total
Not Highly Neutral Consider Highly
Consider Not Consider
Consider
Age (In 18-30 5 4 8 15 20 52
Year) 31-45 0 1 3 6 11 21
46-60 1 0 1 6 12 20
Above 0 1 3 1 2 7
60
Total 6 6 15 28 45 100

Interpretation
From the above table we can conclude that 18 to 30 and 46 to 60 highly consider
professional advice as they have expertise in specific field.

Age (In Year) * Factor consider while investment Expected return Cross
tabulation
Count
Factor consider while investment Expected Total
return
Highly Not Neutral Consider Highly
Consider Consider
Age (In 18-30 1 1 9 41 52
Year) 31-45 0 1 3 17 21
46-60 0 1 4 15 20
Above 0 0 1 6 7
60
Total 1 3 17 79 100
Interpretation
Above table states that investor whose age between`18 to 30 highly consider expected
return on their investment as it is provide an investor with an idea of probable profit vs.
risk. This gives the investor a basis for comparison with the risk free rate of return.

Age (In Year) * Factor consider while investment Investible Surplus Cross
tabulation
Count
Factor consider while investment Investible Surplus Total
Not Highly Neutral Consider Highly
Consider Not Consider
Consider
Age (In 18-30 2 1 18 19 12 52
Year) 31-45 2 0 9 4 6 21
46-60 1 2 4 5 8 20
Above 1 0 3 3 0 7
60
Total 6 3 34 31 26 100

Interpretation
From the above table it can be interpret that investor whose age between 31 to 45 neutral on
investible surplus. It refers amount of money remaining with you after meeting all your
expenses. It is the money you don’t need now or in the near future, and available for long
term.

Age (In Year) * Factor consider while investment Capital Appreciation

Cross tabulation
Count
Factor consider while investment Capital Total
Appreciation
Not Neutral Consider Highly
Consider Consider
Age (In 18-30 1 6 16 29 52
Year) 31-45 0 1 3 17 21
46-60 0 5 4 11 20
Above 0 0 2 5 7
60
Total 1 12 25 62 100
Interpretation
The above table states that investor whose age between 31 to 45 and 46 to 60 highly
consider capital appreciation, as it consist the portion of an investment where the gains in
the market price exceed the original investments purchase price.

Age (In Year) * Factor consider while investment Past Market trend Cross
tabulation
Count
Factor consider while investment Past Market trend Total
Not Highly Neutral Consider Highly
Consider Not Consider
Consider
Age (In 18-30 10 13 8 13 8 52
Year) 31-45 6 7 3 3 2 21
46-60 8 4 3 4 1 20
Abov 2 2 0 1 2 7
e 60
Total 26 26 14 21 13 100

Interpretation
From the above table it can be interpreted that the majority of investor not considering past
market trends because from the past market data to take a decision for a future is not
favorable.

Age (In Year) * Factor consider while investment Future Financial Planning
(Chlidren'sEducation) Cross tabulation
Count
Factor consider while investment Future Financial Total
Planning (Chlidren'sEducation)
Not Highly Neutral Consider Highly
Consider Not Consider
Consider
Age 18-30 12 19 5 7 9 52
(In 31-45 5 9 3 1 3 21
Year) 46-60 3 2 5 4 6 20
Above 1 3 3 0 0 7
60
Total 21 33 16 12 18 100

Interpretation

From the above figure it can be interpret that investor whose age between 18 to 30 highly not
consider future financial planning as investor facing a difficulty to forecasting and problem of
coordination also.

Age (In Year) * Factor consider while investment Contingency Cross

tabulation
Count
Factor consider while investment Contingency Total
Not Highly Neutral Consider Highly
Consider Not Consider
Consider
Age (In 18-30 5 1 20 12 14 52
Year) 31-45 0 0 5 7 9 21
46-60 1 1 5 3 10 20
Above 0 0 1 5 1 7
60
Total 6 2 31 27 34 100

Interpretation
From the above table we can conclude that 18 to 3o aged investor neutral on contingency. It refers
a future event or circumstance which is possible but cannot be predicted with certainty.

Age (In Year) * Factor consider while investment Retirement Cross tabulation
Count
Factor consider while investment Retirement Total
Not Highly Neutral Consider Highly
Con Not Consider
sider Consider
Age (In 18-30 13 23 5 7 4 52
Year) 31-45 2 4 4 6 5 21
46-60 4 0 3 7 6 20
Above 60 0 1 1 1 4 7
Total 19 28 13 21 19 100

Interpretation
From the above table it can be interpret that investor whose age between 18 to 30 highly not
considering retirement as it possible declines in mental health, difficult lifestyle transition
and it could be bad for your health.

Age (In Year) * Factor consider while investment Health Care Cross
tabulation
Count
Factor consider while investment Health Total
Care
Neutral Consider Highly
Consider
Age (In 18-30 4 18 30 52
Year) 31-45 1 0 20 21
46-60 2 5 13 20
Above 1 4 2 7
60
Total 8 27 65 100

Interpretation
From the above table we can conclude that majority of investor highly considering health
care factor. As it increased access to health services, improved quality of care and early
management of health conditions.
 6. FINDING

 According to the analysis majority of people are in position held.

 Out of 100 responded , 52 % investors prefer to invest for the long term ( above 10
year) and 35 % investors invest for medium term (5 to 10 year) and remaining 13%
investors invest for short term (0 to 5 year).

 Out of 100 responded , 11% of investors invest 35% to 50 % of their yearly income
and 51% of investors invest whose income between 0% to 20%.

 Out of 100 responded , 35% investors expected to need of return on their

investment between 1 to 3 year.

 Out of 100 responded , most of the investors get information about investment
through financial planner, broker and internent