Software Verification

PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000

REVISION NO.: 7

EXAMPLE 2-019
SHELL – LARGE BENDING DISPLACEMENTS

EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
This example uses a fixed base cantilever column to test static nonlinear analysis
with large bending displacements in SAP2000. A concentrated moment, M, is
applied at the top of the column equally split between the two top joints. The
moment M is increased until the rotation at the top of the column is equal to π
radians (180 degrees). The resulting vertical and horizontal displacements of the
top of the column and the moment required to create the desired deflected shape
are compared with independent hand calculated results.

Three different models, labeled A, B and C, are run for this example. The models
are identical, except for the meshing of the column, which is 1x4 (width by
height), 1x16 and 1x64 for Models A, B and C, respectively. To test the
SAP2000 automatic area meshing feature, all of the models are created with a
single area object and automatic internal meshing is assigned to the area object.

After running the analysis, use the Display menu > Show Deformed Shape
command to display the deflected shape. To get the deflected shape to display
properly, uncheck the cubic curve option, select the Scale Factor option in the
Scaling area of the form, and set the Scale Factor to 1.

GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING

3 Moment M is split Material Properties

M equally between E = 3600 k/in2
4 joints 3 and 4
Section Properties
Width = 12 in
Thickness = 1 in
100"

Deflected shape Restraint at Joints 1 and 2

Ux, Uy, Uz, Ry

Area Object Mesh

Z 2 Model A: 1 wide by 4 high
1 Model B: 1 wide by 16 high
Y Model C: 1 wide by 64 high
X

EXAMPLE 2-019 - 1
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 7

TECHNICAL FEATURES OF SAP2000 TESTED

 Static nonlinear analysis of shell structure with large bending displacements
using the SAP2000 P-Delta plus large displacements option
 Automatic area meshing

RESULTS COMPARISON
Because the column is subjected to pure moment, it should bend in a circular arc.
Thus, the independent results for displacement are calculated from the properties
of a circle. The independent results for the moment are calculated using Equation
4 in Article 7.1 of Chapter 7 on page 91 of Roark and Young 1975. The results
are presented separately for the thin plate option and the thick plate option.

Thin Plate Option

Output Percent
Model Mesh Parameter SAP2000 Independent Difference
Ux (jt 4) in 65.312 63.662 +2.6%

A 1x4 Uz (jt 4) in -100.017 -100 0%

My (jt 1) k-in -56.574 -56.549 0%

Ux (jt 4) in 63.742 63.662 +0.1%

B 1x16 Uz (jt 4) in -100.016 -100 0%

My (jt 1) k-in -56.55 -56.549 0%

Ux (jt 4) in 63.646 63.662 0%

C 1x64 Uz (jt 4) in -100.016 -100 0%

My (jt 1) k-in -56.549 -56.549 0%

EXAMPLE 2-019 - 2
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 7

Thick Plate Option

Output Percent
Model Mesh Parameter SAP2000 Independent Difference

Ux (jt 4) in 65.312 63.662 +2.6%

A 1x4 Uz (jt 4) in -100.017 -100 0%

My (jt 1) k-in -56.574 -56.549 0%

Ux (jt 4) in 63.742 63.662 +0.1%

B 1x16 Uz (jt 4) in -100.016 -100 0%

My (jt 1) k-in -56.55 -56.549 0%

Ux (jt 4) in 63.646 63.662 0%

C 1x64 Uz (jt 4) in -100.016 -100 0%

My (jt 1) k-in -56.549 -56.549 0%

COMPUTER FILES: Example 2-019a-thick, Example 2-019a-thin,

Example 2-019b-thick, Example 2-019b-thin,
Example 2-019c-thick, Example 2-019c-thin

CONCLUSION
The SAP2000 results show an acceptable match with the independent results for
both the thick and the thin plate options. As the meshing of the area object
increases, and the meshed model is able to more accurately approximate a
circular arc, the SAP2000 and independent results converge.

EXAMPLE 2-019 - 3
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 7

HAND CALCULATION

EXAMPLE 2-019 - 4