IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

IDEOLOGY OF
PAKISTAN
In Allama Iqbal View

2
 IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
SECTION 1: Ideology and importance of Ideology

SECTION 2: ideology of Pakistan

SECTION 3: Iqbal and Ideology of Pakistan

SECTION 4: Vision of a separate Muslim state

SECTION 5: Demand of Separate State

SECTION 6: Conclusion
 IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

Q: Define Ideology of Pakistan with reference to Allama Iqbal

Philosophy?
IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

Meaning of an Ideology

The word “ideology” is composed of two Greek words “idea” and “logos”. It literally means “the
science or study of ideas”. The ideology of any nation reflects the ideals and aspirations of its
people, and religion and cultural shape, their thinking which binds them together. An ideology in
the positive sense is a system of beliefs, values, ideals, convictions, institutions, goals and a body
of knowledge which a people considers true, binding and practicable.

Political Ideology
A political ideology is a system of beliefs that explain and justifies a preferred political order,
either existing or proposed and offers a strategy (institutions, processes programs) for its
attainment

Importance of an Ideology

Ideology is important in following aspects;

1. Ideology is a motivating force for a nation, which is striving hard to bring stability and
homogeneity to its nationhood.
2. It provides the cement-binding base to the scattered groups in a society and brings them
closer to each other on a common platform
3. Ideologies impel their adherents to follow a joint line of action for the accomplishment of
their goal.
4. Ideologies give shape to the revolutions and give birth to new cultures and civilizations.
5. Ideologies stress on their adherents to insist on the realization of their ideals through total
transformation of society.
6. An ideology offers an interpretation of the past, and an explanation of the present and a
vision of the future.

Thus the ideologies contain a set of proposals about human nature and society. These proposals
explicitly manifest human conditions, approaches and understanding of a social and political
order and provide and basis for the accomplishment of a desired social system.
 IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

Section 2
Ideology of Pakistan

The ideology of Pakistan took shape through an evolutionary process. Historical experience
provided the base; Allama Iqbal gave it a philosophical explanation; Quaid-i-Azam translated it
into a political reality; and the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, by passing Objectives
Resolution in March 1949, gave it legal sanction. It was due to the realization of the Muslims of
South Asia that they are different from the Hindus that they demanded separate electorates.
However when they realized that their future in a „Democratic India‟ dominated by Hindu
majority was not safe, they changed their demand to a separate state. The ideology of Pakistan
stemmed from the instinct of the Muslim community of South Asia to maintain their
individuality in the Hindu society. The Muslims believed that Islam and Hinduism are not only
two religions, but are two social orders that produced two distinct cultures. There is no
compatibility between the two. A deep study of the history of this land proves that the
differences between Hindus and Muslims are not confined to the struggle for political supremacy
but are also manifested in the clash of two social orders. Despite living together for more than
one thousand years, they continue to develop different cultures and traditions. Their eating
habits, music, architecture and script, all are poles apart.

The basis of the Muslim nationhood was neither territorial nor racial or linguistic or ethnic rather
they were a nation because they belonged to the same faith, Islam. They demanded that the areas
where they were in majority should be constituted into a sovereign state, wherein they could
order their lives in accordance with the teachings of Holy Quran and Sunnah of Holy Prophet
(PBUH).

The creation of Pakistan was unique in the sense that it was based on an ideology which sought
its roots from the religion of Islam.

The famous slogan was as under:-

“PAKISTAN KA MATLAB KIYA, LA ILLA HA ILL ALLAH”

It became the corner of the freedom movement and the basis of Pakistan.
 IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

Meaning and definitions of Pakistan Ideology are explained as under:-

Ideology of Pakistan is actually implementation of Islamic teachings.

1. To maintain and arouse the national dignity and struggles for unity among Muslim
Ummah and Islamic rule is in fact Ideology of Pakistan.
2. Two-Nation Theory on the basis of Islamic Philosophy in political and cultural
background of Sub-continent is called ideology of Pakistan.

3. Ideology of Pakistan is actually Islamic ideology.

4. The idea of Muslims, attaining Pakistan was infact Ideology of Pakistan.

Section 3

Allama Iqbal and Ideology of Pakistan

Introduction
 IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

Allama Muhammad Iqbal 9 November 1877 – 21 April 1938), known as Allama Iqbal, was
a poet, philosopher, theorist, and barrister in British India. He has been called the "Spiritual
Father of Pakistan" for his contributions to the nation. Iqbal's poems, political contributions, and
academic and scholarly research were distinguished. He inspired the Pakistan
movement in British India and is considered a renowned figure of Urdu literature,[5] although he
wrote in both Urdu and Persian.
When Iqbal was born, it was the time of troubles for Indian Muslims.

Educational period

He passed his graduation in 1897 from Government College Lahore and in the year 1899 he did
his Master in Philosophy. After doing M.A. he started his career as a lecturer of philosophy and
taught for some time at Oriental College and Government College Lahore.

In the year 1905, he went to England for higher education and he stayed there for three years. In
the year 1907, he received his Ph.D. degree from Munich University Germany. In the year 1908,
he passed barrister from England and in the same year he returned India. After his arrival in India
he joined Government College and taught for three year. In the year 1911 he resigned from his
Government service and started his career as a lawyer.

Political time

In 1926, Iqbal started his political career when he was elected as member of Punjab Imperial
Legislative Council (PILC). Allama Iqbal is a unique contributor to the making of Pakistan. In
the year 1927, he was elected as Secretary General of Muslim League Punjab. On 29th
December 1930 Allama Iqbal addressed presidential meeting of All-India Muslim League at
Allahabad. In his presidential address Allama Iqbal said, "I wanted to see Punjab, NWFP, Sindh
and Baluchistan amalgamated in a single state". This line contains the idea of Pakistan.
It was his historical speech which presented the Ideology of Pakistan.

In the year 1931-1932, he participated in second and third session of Round Table Conference
held in London but this conference bore no fruit because Mr Gandhi did not acknowledge
Muslim League as one and only political party of Indian Muslims.

In the same year Allama Iqbal also became the President of Muslim League Punjab and started
his efforts to make Muslim League stronger. At that time unionist party was ruling in Punjab and
Fazal Hussain was the head of Unionist party. Fazal Hussain did not co-operate with Muslim
League. At that time Allama Iqbal informed Quaid-e-Azam about the critical situation of Punjab.
 IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

Section 4

VISION OF A SEPARATEMUSLIMSTATE

Men like Allama Iqbal are born but in centuries. He was conscious of significance of Islam in
lives of the Muslims. His first public appearance was in 1899 at the annual session of Anjuman
Himayat-i-Islam in Lahore when he presented the poem, Nala-i-Yatim. At initial stages Dr Iqbal
was a nationalist by ideas and his poetry contained verses like Tarana-i- Hind. His poetry was a
critique of the existing societal conditions. Being educated from Europe, he knew all weak
aspects of the Western culture. He criticized capitalism, materialism and lack of spiritualism.

In the same year Allama Iqbal also became the President of Muslim League Punjab and started
his efforts to make Muslim League stronger. At that time unionist party was ruling in Punjab and
Fazal Hussain was the head of Unionist party. Fazal Hussain did not co-operate with Muslim
League. At that time Allama Iqbal informed Quaid-e-Azam about the critical situation of Punjab.

IQBAL- Focus on the conditions of the Indian Muslims

Islam can salvage the Muslims

Islam has always saved Muslim

Islam is a living and dynamic ideology that can meet modern challenges

Islam to help them to overcome their internal discord and enable them to meet external
challenges with spiritualism based derived from Islam ijtehad and Reinterpretation

(Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam)

Address to the Muslim League Session, Allahabad, December 1930 The climax of Iqbal’s
political career came in 1930 when at the annual session of All India Muslim League; he boldly
stated the Muslim demand for creation of a separate Muslim state within India.

In Allahabad Address he declared:

“I would like to see the Punjab, NWFP, Sindh and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single state as
self-government within the British Empire or without the British Empire, The formation of a
consolidated North-West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the
Muslims, at least, of North-West India.”
 IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

In short Iqbal gave the idea of Pakistan. He inspired the Muslims of India to make the demand
for a separate homeland. He infact, prepared the ground for Mr. Jinnah, who finally led the
Muslims to the goal of Pakistan. Mr. Jinnah acknowledged his debt to Dr. Iqbal in the following
words:

“His views were substantially in consonance with my own and had finally led me to the same
conclusions as a result of careful examination and study of the constitutional problems facing
India”.

Mr. Jinnah paid him a tribute two days after the Lahore Resolution that:

“If I live to see the idea of a Muslim state being achieved and I was then offered to make a
choice between the works of Iqbal and the ruler ship of the Muslim state, I would prefer the
former”.

Ideology of Allama Iqbal for Pakistan to be:

 In 1911 census Iqbal wrote an essay “ISLAMIC CULTURE”—in which he clearly
describes, survival of the Muslims will only possible when they have quality such as
“Orangzaib Alamgir” in their role. Whose faith is not secularism but it should be purified
Muslim thoughts. He defined his view in the next sentence that Islam is a name of
ideology of religion, it contains a wide study.

 In 1930, Allama Iqbal presented his mature political opinion on the political fate of
Indian Muslims in his presidential address at Allahabad at the annual session of Muslim
League. He said:

 “I am fully convinced that the Muslims of India will ultimately have to establish a
separate homeland as they could not live with the Hindus in the United States.”

 India is a continent of human beings belonging to different races, speaking different

languages and professing different religions I, therefore demand the formation of a
consolidated Muslim state in the best interest of India and Islam.”
 IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

Section 5
Demand of Separate State
 
“If British Government is interested to resolve Hindu-Muslim conflicts then India should be
divided into states. NWFP, Sindh, Baluchistan, Punjab, Aasam and Bengal should be converted
into one unit and authority should be given to Indian Muslims.”

He did not believe

in any system separated from religion and declared that religion and politics are not separated
from each other in Islam. Allama Iqbal believed in the federal system and thought it as an ideal
system for India in prevailing system. He believed that federal system would promote unity
amongst the various segments of the society which would help in defense of the country. His
concept of “Khudi” and philosophy of believe in faith and institutions led him to the concept of
Nation as Moral Consciousness which declared his genius in his famous Allahabad Address. It
was definitely Iqbal’s call to action in the name of Islam that Pakistan came into shape. It was
him who gave the meaning of ideology of Pakistan as ideology of Islam.

 In March 1932, he again gave the framework at the proposed Muslim state, he stated:
“there is need to amend the whole Ummah, so that we can fulfill our hopes and achieve
our aims, first of all we have to change our methods, God does not help those, who do not
help themselves. Success is not possible in any field without the intellectual
independence”.

 “You should not equate your community with western. The nation of prophet is unique
in its composition”

Muslims are Separate Nation

Allama Iqbal openly negated the concept of one nation and said:

“Nations are based with religion; not with territories. So we are separate nation because we have
our own ideology”
 IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

Conclusion