Lecture 5

Ideology of Pakistan
According to the statement of Quaid-e-
Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
1. Definition of Ideology
2. Ideology of Pakistan
3. Importance of Ideology of Pakistan in National Life
4. Allama Iqbal and the Ideology of Pakistan
5. Quaid-e-Azam and the Ideology of Pakistan
6. Choudhry Rahmat Ali and the Ideology of Pakistan
7. The Two-Nation Theory
8. Importance of Two-Nation Theory
9. Evolution of Two-Nation Theory
Greek
words
Ideology

Ideo Logo
s

Science of Ideas
System of Ideas
 “Ideology”
Semantically… Etymologically…
Science of ideas 1. Napoleon
Metaphysics 2. Marxists
Abstract speculation  “Ideology is the ideas of the
ruling class… the class, which is
Visionary speculation ruling material force of society
A body of ideas at the same time its ruling
intellectual force… so that the
A way of thinking ideas of those who lack the
means of mental production,
*Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary
are on the whole subject to it.”
Marx and Engel*

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 Ideology of Pakistan

Fundamental assumptions
Religio-Political
of Muslim societies
als of Islam • Affirmation of the community
slamic state • Religious
material world • Political
Will draw inspirations • Spiritual/Temporal
and guidance from • Economic
• Dichotomy of Religion
Quran and Sunnah. • Sociological
and Society • Psychological
(secularism)
 The basis of nationhood in Pakistan is Islam
Ideology of Pakistan
(contd.)

Islam acted as a nation-building force long before the

establishment of Pakistan
 The formation of a Muslim-nation preceded the demand for a homeland.
Pakistan itself did not give birth to any nation; on the contrary, the
Muslim nation struggled for and brought Pakistan into being. Therefore,
Pakistan is not the cause of any kind of any kind of nationhood. It is only
an effect, a result or a fruit of the struggle of the Muslim nation for
territorial specification.
“ Ideology of Pakistan was the resolution of Muslims for their
survival as Muslim, to live in conformity with Islamic education
and style. In other words, Ideology of Pakistan means Ideology of
Islam. It guides us about every aspect of life. … in other words
ideology of Pakistan is the medium for Islamic style of life.”
(Prof. Mohammad Khalilullah)
 Objective of achievement of Pakistan
 While explaining the objective of establishment of Pakistan in his
speech, at Islamia College Peshawar on
January 13,1947 Muhammad Ali Jinnah had said;

 “We have not made the demand of Pakistan for a piece of land
but we wanted to have such laboratory where we could test the
principles of Islam.”

 In October1947, addressing the officers of the government of

Pakistan, he said,

“It is our aim to create a state where we could live as free human
beings, where we could grow and develop in the light of our
culture and where the Islamic concept of justice could get a
chance to rise and develop”.
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 Importance of Ideology of Pakistan in National Life
“The only force which keeps a nation united/alive is its ideology”

Purpose of establishing a separate homeland was;

1. To safeguard the Islamic ideology…
2. To develop a system of life as mentioned by Allah in Holy Quran…
3. To eradicate all forms of evil and to encourage all types of virtue in the
new political system…
4. To mould every aspect of life and activity in consonance with Islamic
morality…
So, citizens of Pakistan are expected to;
5. Follow the path of Islam and to embody the best that Islamic ethics ha
enunciated…
6. Develop a forum where the Muslims could use their faculties in the
service of the entire Islamic Ummah
7. Shape themselves and their lives with renewed vigor, confidence, and
determination under the influence of Islamic ideology to reform
the future
 Importance of Ideology of Pakistan in National Life
“The only force which keeps a nation united/alive is its ideology”
 The Islamic Ideology of Pakistan;
a. Should became a deeply instilled imperative to gain
experience in every walk of our life.
b. Is a widespread hope that the challenge of the survival of
Muslims is possible only by the consolidation of Islam.
c. Promotes a sense of self-identity.
d. Looks at man as forming a unity whose spiritual needs cannot
be divorced from his material needs.
e. It makes reference to the mandatory verses of the Quran
which cover all phases of human activity.
f. Assures us, as a nation, that the Pakistanis are divinely chosen
for an Islamic mission.
“In Allah We Trust”
 Importance of Ideology of Pakistan in National
Life
“The only force which keeps a nation united/alive is its ideology”
• For the ideology •of Pakistan to remain meaningful,
The Education So that no one is denied the
fundamental changes have to be made in:
System opportunity of being educated.
• So that every citizen, male or female,
The Legal System Muslim or non-Muslim, receives justice.

The Political • So that every institution gets the right and

System honest leadership.
The freedom to practice their religion and
live their lives as free and self respecting
individuals of an independent country.
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 Elements of Ideology of Pakistan
1. Islam – a nation-building force
2. Two Nation Theory – basis of struggle for
creation of Pakistan
3. Territory – necessary for promotion of Islamic
ideology; as soul requires body
4. Democratic System – Islamic democratic
system; the basic need of Muslims
5. Urdu Language – was (and ‘is’) necessary to be
sustained because it is written in Persian script
which is similar to Arabic, the language of Quran
 Dr. Allama Iqbal and the Ideology of Pakistan
• Is generally credited with initiating the idea of
separation.
• In his presidential address to the Muslim League’s
annual session of Allahabad in December 1930, he
narrated the famous sentence during his address
which gave him the title of the father of the Pakistan
idea:

• “I would like to see the Punjab, NWFP, Sindh, and

Balochistan amalgamated into a single state. Self-
government within the British empire or without the British
empire, the formation of a consolidated North-West Indian
Muslim State appears to me to be the final destiny of the
 Dr. Allama Iqbal and the Ideology of Pakistan
His Framework of a proposed Muslim State
“There is need to amend the whole Ummah, so that we can fulfil
our hopes and achieve our aims. … we should infuse Islam
into our individual and collective lives which might become
helpful for a strong country … for the attainment of this
objective, all the sources of Muslim Ummah must be
utilized, a permanent program must be followed with full
determination.”
Lahore
March, 1932
All India Muslim Conference
Dr. Allama Iqbal and the Ideology of Pakistan

IIlahabad address:
“India is a continent of Human beings belonging to
different languages and professing different
religions. To base a constitution on the conception
of homogeneous India is to prepare her for civil
war. I, therefore demand the formation of a
consolidated Muslim state in the best interest of the
Muslims of India and Islam. The formation of a
consolidated muslim N-West Indian state appears
to be final destiny of the Muslims at least of N-
West India.”
‫‪Dr. Allama Iqbal and the Ideology of Pakistan‬‬

‫اپنی ملت پر قیاس اقوام مغرب سے نہ کر‬

‫خاص ہے ترکیب میں قوم رسول ہاشمی‬
‫ان کی جمعیت کا ہے ملک ونسب پر انحصار‬
‫قوت مذہب سے مستحکم ہے جمعیت تری‬

‫جو کرے گا امتیاز رنگ وخون مٹ جائے گا‬

‫!ترک خرگاہی ہو یا عرابی واال گہر‬
‫نسل اگر مسلم کی مذہب پر مقدم ہوگئی‬
‫!آڑگیا دنیا سے تو مانند خاک رہگزر‬

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 Quaid-e-Azam and the Ideology of Pakistan
Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah gave practical shape to
the ideology given by Allama Iqbal. After joining Muslim
League in 1913, he continued with his efforts to bring about
Hindu Muslim unity but he was greatly disappointed to see
the prejudicial attitude of the Congress and Hindus towards
the Muslims. Following are some extracts from the
speeches and statements which he delivered from time to
time for explaining the ideology of Pakistan.
 Quaid-e-Azam and the Ideology of Pakistan
Address At Second Round Table Conference in
1931
Quaid-e-Azam believed that Congress and Hindus would never
recognize the rights of Muslims. He declared while representing
the Muslims in the second Round Table Conference in 1913:

“The Hindu Muslim dispute must be settled before

the enforcement of any system or constitution. Until
you do not give guarantee for the safeguard of the
Muslim interests, until you do not win their
(Muslims) co-operations, any constitution you
enforce shall not last for even 24 hours.”
Quaid-e-Azam and the Ideology of Pakistan
The Quran is the basis to form the Muslim Ummah
In 1943, addressing the meeting of Muslim league in
Karachi while stressing upon the need of referring to
the Holy Quran, he clarified,
“What is that relationship by which all Muslims
become one body? What is the bedrock on which
stands the building structure of this millat? What is
that anchor, through which the boat of this ummah
has been saved and sheltered? That relationship,
that bedrock, and that anchor is the Book of Allah
that is Quran–e–majeed. I am sure as we march
forward we shall grow more united”.
Quaid-e-Azam and the Ideology of Pakistan
In 1946, at Islamia College Quaid-e-Azam declared:
“We do not demand Pakistan simply to have a piece of
land but we want a laboratory where we could experiment
on Islamic principles.”

Address on 18th June 1945

In his message to the Frontier Muslim Students Federation,
he said:
“Pakistan not only means freedom and independence but
Muslim ideology, which has to be preserved which came to
us as a precious gift and treasure and which we hope, other
will share with us.”
 Quaid-e-Azam and Two Nation Theory
A firm advocate of TheTwo Nation Theory
“The Muslims are a nation by
every right to establish their
separate homeland. They can
adopt any means to promote
and protect their economic
social, political and cultural
interests.”
On 23rd March, 1940 at the historic
session of the Muslim League at
Lahore, he said:
“The Mussalmans are not a
minority. They are a nation
by any definition. By all
Muslim League at Lahore in 1940.
He said:
“India is not a nation, nor a
country. It is a Sub Continent of
nationalities. Hindus and Muslims
being the two major nations. The
Hindus and Muslims belong to two
different religions, philosophies,
social customs and literature. They
neither intermarry nor inter dine
and they belong to two different
civilizations which are based mainly
on conflicting ideas and
conceptions. Their aspects on life
and of are different. It is quite clear
that Hindus and Muslims derive
their inspiration from different
sources of history.”
 Two nation theory
In his March 23,1940 speech before the historic session
of the Muslim league he presented two nation theory.
“Islam and Hinduism are not only two religions, but in
reality are the two distinct social systems. Therefore
the desire that the Hindus and the Muslims will form
a single nation, shall be a mere fanciful dream. I say
in unambiguous words that they belong to two
different civilizations and the basis of both these
civilizations rests on such concepts and realities
which are conflicting and contradictory”.

The End
 Choudhary Rehmat Ali
The Man Who Coined the Name “Pakistan”
• Devoted his life for the revival of Islam and formation of
Pakistan.
• Bazm-e-Shibli
• Strong belief in Two-Nation theory
• Eight-page pamphlet known as “Now or Never; Are We to
Live or Perish Forever”. (1933)
• The major highlight of this pamphlet – the
name ‘Pakistan’ was used in it for the first
time.
• It was during the years 1930 through 1933,
that he seemed to have established the
Pakistan National Movement, with its
 Choudhary Rehmat Ali
•He was born on 16 November 1895 in a Punjabi Gujjar family in
Hoshiarpur District of Punjab.

•He graduated from Islamia Madrassa, Lahore in 1918.

•After teaching at Aitcheson College, Lahore, he joined Punjab

University to study Law.

•In 1930, he moved to England and joined Emmanuel College,

Cambridge.

•Rahmat Ali finished education in England, obtaining MA and LLB

with honors from the universities of Cambridge and Dublin.
 Bazm-e-Shibli
Initially he used the platform of
his own formed society Bazm-e-
Shibli for the division of India and
then he extended his activities and
worked for the safeguard of
Islamic culture and entity and
separate homeland for all the
Muslims of India.
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 Choudhary Rehmat Ali and Ideology of
Pakistan
•He was convinced that Hindus and Muslims are two separate nations in every
respect, “North of India is Muslim and we will keep it Muslim. Not only that,
we will make it a Muslim State. But this we can do only if and when we and
out North cease to be Indian… so the sooner we shed ‘Indianism’, the better
for us all and for Islam.” (a session of his organization
Bazm-e-Shibli – 1915)
•He wanted to establish Pakistan as a centre of Muslim unity, “…we Muslims are a
Millat distinct form the Caste Hindu Jati, … our destiny lies in integration
with other Muslims, and not with Caste Hindus.”
• “In my early youth three fundamental truths became clear to me about the
future of our people and our land.
i. …, that old names of our Indian homelands… are dangerous…for
our nationhood in our own country.
ii. …,in the modern world the recognition of our nationhood was
impossible without a national name for our people.
iii. …, we all… reintegrate ourselves into one nation under a fraternal
name, none of us… could survive and thrive in the world.
 Choudhary Rehmat Ali
The Man Who Coined the Name “Pakistan”
After the Independence:
≈ was quiet disappointed on severe massacre
≈ Distribution of areas was also not according to his will
≈ He was a very impulsive and fidgety person
≈ He was against any negotiations with Hindus
≈ That is why he developed the difference of opinion with
Muhammad Ali Jinnah and other members of Muslim League
≈ During the Pakistan Movement, he remained in England and
came to Pakistan after a year.
≈ He strongly criticized Jinnah and the Muslim League for
compromising the ‘full idea of Pakistan’ which he gave in his
pamphlet.
≈After Jinnah’s death in 1948, Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan
ordered him to leave the country. He died in England on 3rd
 Choudhary Rehmat Ali
The Man Who Coined the Name “Pakistan”
His Death:
≈ This is the tragedy of history that such an honest, loyal, patriotic,
and sincere person who devoted all his life for preaching of
Ideology of Pakistan was buried in the Cambridge City Cemetery,
London.
≈ Is it not a matter of shame that;
˜ A foreigner paid funeral expenses of a great Muslim who
worked hard for the creation of a Muslim State!!!
˜ A Pakistani hero is buried in a nobody’s foreign land!!!
˜ Pakistani government has never showed any interest in bringing
his coffin back to the country which was named by him!!!
≈ As Choudhary Khaliquzzaman has rightly stated:
“What a shame that the people in Pakistan don’t offer even fateha for
one who gave them the name of the State by which the swear!”
Thank You