Professional Documents
Culture Documents
com
CONTENTS
02 Making of Pakistan 05
05 Resources of Pakistan 13
08 Culture of Pakistan 20
09 Education in Pakistan 22
Page 3
ideology of Pakistan that they sacrificed their lives and properties for the achievement of
Pakistan.
COMMITMENT: Commitment means devotion one who sticks to the national ideology
devotes oneself to the nation.
HONESTY: Islam stresses on honesty. People worked with honesty at the time of
establishment of Pakistan so Pakistan survived and stood on its feet.
PATRIOTISM: Love for ones country is an element of religion. At critical times or when
their freedom is endangered, people show patriotism.
HARD WORK: Nations make progress through hard work it requires sense of duty,
commitment to work and honest performance.
NATIONAL INTEREST: Personal interests should never be superior to national interests
only those nations survive whose people do not compromise on their national interests. Q5:
Outline the statements of Quaid-e-Azam on the Ideology of Pakistan? Quaid-e-Azam
frequently emphasized on the ideology of Pakistan at several occasions. Here are some clear
views of Quaid-e-Azam on the ideology of Pakistan:
• Our demand for Pakistan is not for a piece of land but we want to setup a laboratory
where we could implement a system based on Islamic principles
• Hindu and Islam are not were two religions but they are two separate social systems it
would be a dream to think that the Muslims and the Hindus will form a common
nation.
• Both nations belonged to two different civilizations which are opposed to each other
Pakistan had come into being the day the first non-Muslim converted to a Muslim in
India
Q6: Briefly describe Allama Iqbal’s views on the ideology of Pakistan? Allama Iqbal was
one of those Muslim leaders of the sub-continent who gave the Muslim a concept of separate
state. He awakened the Muslims through his poetry and politics. First he was a supporter of
Hindu Muslim unity but the narrow- mindedness and prejudice of the Hindus compelled him
to think of demanding a separate state for the Muslims. Allama Iqbal demanded for a separate
state for the Muslims first of all at the All India Muslims League meeting at Allahabad in
1930. In his presidential speech he said that “India is subcontinent and not a country where
people belonging to different religions and speaking different Languages live”. The Muslims
have a unique religion and cultural identity so all civilized nations should respect their right
of self determination. He suggested uniting Punjab, NWFP, Baluchistan, and Sindh into a
Muslims state.
Q7: Discuss the contents of an Ideology?
Following are the contents of an ideology:
COMMON RELIGION: Religion is a binding force for the nations in the world. Nations in
the world are distinctive on the basis of their religion.
COMMON CULTURE: Generally the people sharing a common culture follow the similar
way of life. Normally they do not compromise on their customs and tradition. COMMON
CAUSE: A common cause unites the people for example the achievement of Pakistan was a
common cause under the influence of an ideology.
More Notes Visit TaleemCorner.com
Page 4
DEDICATION: The dedication of the people to some noble cause energizes and enriches an
ideology Muslims of South Asia were highly dedicated to the common cause of seeking
freedom and establishing a separate Muslim state.
FILL IN THE BLANKS
the Holy Quran into Persian language and wrote books on Hadith, Jurisprudence (Fiqha), and
Tafseer (exegesis) his most famous book
is Hujjatul Baligha. He also tried to remove social evils through various reformist movements
which started from his Madrasa Rahimiya in Delhi
Q4: Describe the struggle of Syed Ahmed Shaheed in eliminating the social evils from
the Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhuwa?
SYED AHMED SHAHEED’S STRUGGLE: Syed Ahmed Shaheed wanted to eliminate
domination of Sikhs in Punjab and KPK to revive Islamic values. He started Jihad in Punjab
and KPK. Shah Ismail Shaheed along with his six thousand followers joined him in this Jihad
against evil forces. Syed Ahmed Shaheed believed if Punjab and KPK were liberated from
the Sikh domination, the Muslim would regain their old position. Jihad movement was
initially very successful but soon conspiracies began against Syed Ahmed. Muslims fought
with great courage but Syed Ahmed Shaheed and his companions were martyred on 6th May
1831. Syed Ahmed Shaheed and Shah Ismail Shaheed were buried near Balakot.
Q5: Describe the achievement of Aligarh Movement?
The services which Sir Syed Ahmed rendered for renaissance of the Muslims are known as
Aligarh Movement. Aligarh movement became instrumental in the awakening of the Muslims
in the Sub-continent. Sir Syed took practical steps for the improvement of educational
standard of the Muslims. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan told the Muslims to forget the golden era of
the past and to look at the present and to plan for the future. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan asked the
Muslims to learn English so that they could learn modern scientific knowledge and make
progress. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan set up a scientific society at Ghazipur in 1862 which
translated western books into English then he set up a school at Aligarh which was later
upgraded to college named Muhammad Anglo Oriental College (MAO College) this college
later became a university.
Q6: Describe the role of Muslim league in the struggle for Pakistan? Muslim league
become a platform for the Muslims of the subcontinent since its establishment in 1906. The
role of Muslims league in the struggle for Pakistan is given below:
• The immediate target of Muslim league was to safeguard the rights of the Muslims of
the subcontinent.
• Quaid-e-Azam joined Muslim league in October 1913. Owing to Quaid’s efforts
Muslims league and congress made “Lacknow Pact” in December 1916. • The Hindus
accepted the separate status of the Muslims and accepted a separate electorate for the
Muslims.
• The number of Muslims in Central Legislative Assembly was agreed to be one-third. • In
the Muslim majority provinces of Punjab and Bengal, the majority of the Muslims in the
legislative assemblies were confirmed.
• In the Muslims minority province, their representation in proportion to their population
was doubled.
Q7: What role was played by the provinces in the struggle for Pakistan? • PUNJAB: The
people of Punjab especially the students and the women took active part in politics.
Pakistan Resolution was passed by in Lahore in 1940. In the 1945-46 provincial elections
More Notes Visit TaleemCorner.com
Muslim league got 75 seats out to 86 seats. Punjab made a great contribution to the
Pakistan Movement.
• SINDH: Sindh made great contribution to making Pakistan Sindh was the first province
in which Muslim league passed resolution demanding for an Islamic government in
the Muslim majority areas. Syed Sibghatullah Shah fought with the British
government and got martyrdom which strengthened Pakistan Movement.
• BALUCHISTAN: Qazi Muhammad Isa of Balochistan established Muslim league in
Balochistan which became a popular party soon. The Khan of Kalat, Mir Ahmed Yar
Khan of Kalat also supported Pakistan movement. In 1947, Shahi Jirga decided to join
Pakistan.
• KHYBER PAKHTUN KHAWA: Sardar Aurangzeb of K.P.K supported Pakistan
resolution in 1940. Muslim league started civil disobedience movement in the province in
1947. The students of Islamia College Peshawar and Edward College played an important
role in the Pakistan Movement along with religious leaders.
Q8: What are the responsibilities of a citizen of an ideological State?
RESPONSIBILITIES OF CITIZENS OF AN IDEOLOGICAL STATE:
• People should lead their lives according to the teaching of Islam.
• They should struggle for democracy founded on the Islamic principles. •
They should be loyal and patriotic to their country.
• They should earn their livelihood honesty.
• They should get education as it is essential to progress.
• They should be law abiding people.
• They should work for the country and helps the government in curbing the antisocial
elements.
• They should be hard-working and fulfill their duties.
• They should be cooperative and promote brotherhood.
Q9: Highlight the main points which make the character of Quaid-e-Azam a model for
others?
• He was a man of principle and acted upon whatever he said or promised to do. •
He was an intelligent political leader.
• He was a very bold person, he was never afraid of others.
• He possessed statesmanship, courage, sense of responsibility, integrity, forwardness and
dedication to his cause.
• He was a great supporter and admirer of young generation of students. •
He never compromised on the cause of Muslims and Pakistan.
Q10: Describe the role of Quaid-e-Azam as Governor General of Pakistan? ROLE OF
QUAID-E-AZAM AS GOVERNOR GENERAL: After the establishment of Pakistan
Quaid-e-Azam had to face a number of problems. Under these circumstances, the role of
Quaid-e-Azam as Governor General was as follows:
Quaid-e-Azam worked as a governor general of Pakistan for 13 months. His role can be
More Notes Visit TaleemCorner.com
summed up as follows.
• National Integrity: He worked for the national integrity and solidarity of Pakistan. •
Settlement of Refugees: The first and immediate problem of Pakistan was rehabilitation
of refugees. India pushed 6.5 million refugees to Pakistan Quaid-e Azam made
arrangements for their settlement very bravely and kindly.
• The political power is a sacred trust which shall be exercised by the representatives of
the people within the limits prescribed by Islam.
• Federal system of government shall be introduced in Pakistan and provincial
government was granted autonomy.
• Principals of democracy, equality, freedom and social justice as enunciated by Islam
shall be fully observed.
• Muslims shall be enabled to lead their individual as well as collective life according to
the teachings of Holy Quran and Sunnah.
• The rights of the minorities shall be protected. They will have the freedom to follow
their religion and promote their own culture.
Q3: Describe the salient features of the constitution of 1956?
• The preamble of the constitution embodied the sovereignty of Allah. •
The name of country will be Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
• The head of the state shall be Muslim.
• Federal parliamentary system was introduced in the country.
• Governor General was replaced by the president.
• The powers were distributed between the centre and two provinces of Pakistan, namely,
East Pakistan and West Pakistan under the federal system of government. • Maintain close
relations with the Muslims countries of the world.
• The rights of the non-Muslims minority were given due to protection. •
Urdu and Bengali were declared as the national languages of Pakistan. Q4:
Why did East Pakistan separate from West Pakistan?
Following are the main causes for the separation of East Pakistan:
• West Pakistan’s attitude towards East Pakistan looked like a master slave relation. • The
Bengalis were looked down upon. They were denied provincial autonomy, power, equal
status, democracy and other privileges, etc.
• India took the full advantage of the situation with the backing of Ten Million Hindus of
East Pakistan and with the full support of Both Russia and America India succeeds in
dismembering Pakistan.
• The repeated martial laws, look of democracy the wrong behavior of the West Pakistan
bureaucracy, international conspiracies, foolish military action in East Pakistan and
above all India’s determination to dismember Pakistan led to the fall of East Pakistan.
Q5: What role should Pakistanis play for the prosperity of the country? Pakistan’s
stability and prosperity is the joint responsibility of all the Pakistanis. Following are the main
role of Pakistanis for the peace and prosperity of the country:
• We should work hard in all the fields of national development to make the country
prosperous and economically independent.
• We should think of ourselves above ethnicity and regionalism
• We should help others and promote brotherhood.
• We should show patriotism though words and deeds.
More Notes Visit TaleemCorner.com
• The offices of president and prime Minister of Pakistan were restricted for the
Muslims only.
• A parliament consisting of two houses was established for the first time. The upper
house was called the senate and the lower house was called the National Assembly. •
The provincial governments were granted autonomy.
• In order to protect rights of the people necessary safeguard were provided to ensure
independence of judiciary.
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Primitive man lived in small family units.
2. After it was established, Pakistan needed a constitution.
3. In the preamble of 1956 constitution, it was stated that sovereignty rests with
Almighty Allah.
4. About 40 heads of Muslim states participated in the second Islamic summit
conference.
5. Bangladesh was recognized by Pakistan during the 2nd Summit.
6. The foundation of the constitution of 1973 was laid on the Objective Resolution.
7. The first constituent Assembly of Pakistan was dissolved by Governor General
Ghulam Muhammad
8. In all the three constitutions of Pakistan, it has been said that the sovereignty belongs
to Almighty Allah.
Chapter # 04: LAND AND CLIMATE OF PAKISTAN
this region.
• Sub-Tropical continental lowland: It consists of Punjab and Sindh. The summer
season is very hot here. The north of Punjab receives late summer monsoon rains
while the rest of Punjab receives less fall. Thal, Kachhi, Sibbi and south eastern plains
are dry and a large area in desert.
• Sub-Tropical Coastland: This climatic region includes the coastal areas of Sindh and
Baluchistan provinces, or the southern part of Pakistan. The temperature is moderate.
Annual average temperature is 320C and rainfall is 180 mm. May and June are the
hottest months.
and Turkey along with Pakistan are the members of ECO (Economic co operation
organization)
• Pakistan is situated near the oil producing gulf countries.
• Pakistan is a nuclear power and is playing a great role against terrorism.
Q7: Give a brief account of the physical features of Pakistan?
The land of Pakistan is divided into the following four physical features: 1) MOUNTAIN:
Any part of land which is 3,000 feet high and whose sides are steep is called a mountain.
The mountain of Pakistan is divided into two parts:
➢ Northern and North Eastern Mountains: This include (i) Himalayas (ii) Karakoram
➢ North-Western and Western Mountains: Western mountains are less in height than
northern mountains. These ranges are divided into following parts:
a) The Hindukash Mountains
b) The Koh-i-Safed Range
c) The Waziristan Hills
d) The Suleman Hills
2) PLATEAUS: The following two plateaus are located in Pakistan
➢ The Potwar Plateau: This plateau lies between the river Indus and Jhelum.
➢ Balochistan Plateau: It is located in the west of Kirthar and Suleman range.
3) PLAINS: The plains are divided into three parts.
➢ The upper Indus plain: It is the part of Indus plain above Mithan Kot.
➢ The lower Indus plain: It is the area of south of Mithan Kot.
➢ The Indus delta: The River Indus forms its delta near Thatta.
4) THE DESERTS INCLUDING COASTAL AREAS:
➢ Thal: It includes Mianwali, Muzaffargarh, and Dera Ghazi Khan. Huge sand dunes
are found here.
➢ Cholistan: 60% of Bahawalpur area comprises Cholistan.
➢ Thar and Nara Desert: It includes Khairpur, Tharparkar, Umer Kot and Sanghar.
➢ Chagai and Kharan Desert: It is located in Balochistan are extremely dry. ➢
Coastal Area: Pakistan has 700 square kilometers long coastal area.
Q8: Mention the benefits of the Northern-eastern mountainous region? • They
provide natural defense to Pakistan from the North due to their height. • They
protect from the cold freezing winds from the North Pole.
• They are covered with snow during the winter which melts in the summer and raises the
underground water level making water available for irrigation.
• They cover 80% forest of our country although 4.5% of the country’s area is under
forest.
• They cause rainfall in Punjab and NWFP in the summer.
Q9: Name the Neighboring countries of Pakistan?
There are four neighbouring countries of Pakistan
▪ China
▪ India
▪ Iran
More Notes Visit TaleemCorner.com
▪ Afghanistan
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1) The long border between Pakistan and Afghanistan is called Durand Line
2) Pakistan is divided into four climatic Regions.
3) The coastal areas of Pakistan are Sindh coast and Makran coast
4) The climate of upper Indus plains of Pakistan is hot and dry.
5) The water evaporation is about 4% in the atmosphere.
6) Water maintains 7% of the total weight of human body.
7) People of the Northern region in Pakistan perform household activities during winter
8) In the South-West of Pakistan, Iran is our neighboring country
Pakistan agriculture sector produces about 30% of the total raw materials and is a source of
providing Employment to 55% of the population. Agricultural export earns 70% of the
foreign exchange. There are two kinds of crops in Pakistan
1) Rabi crops: The Rabi crops are grown in October and November and are harvested in
April and May. Important Rabi crops are wheat, barley, gram, oil, seeds, and tobacco. 2)
Kharif crops: The Kharif crops are grown in May June and is harvested in October and
November. Important Kharif crops are: rice, maize, cotton sugarcane, sorghum (Jowar)
and millet (Bajra).
These two crops are further divided into two types.
Food crop: These crops provide food to the people. It includes wheat rice, pulses, maize etc.
Cash crop: These crops earn foreign exchange for the country. These crops include cotton,
sugar, tobacco etc.
Q7: Write a note on Nuclear Energy in Pakistan?
In Pakistan there are two atomic power houses are working. One is KANUPP at Karachi
which started working in 1971. The second is Chashma Plant (Mianwali), which started
working in 2002. It produces 300MW electricity. A third atomic power project is also being
constructed at Chashma with the Chinese assistances. Pakistan has become the 7th nuclear
power of world. On May 28, 1998, Pakistan made nuclear tests at Chagai. The credit for this
goes to team of Pakistani scientists. The government has changed the name of Kahuta
research Laboratories as “Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan (A.Q) Research Laboratories.
Q8: How are human and other resources interdependent?
Human resources and other resources have their independent and separate value as well as
utility. However, these resources are interdependent. The basic necessities of life include
food, clothing and shelter. Then there are other necessities which are not included in the basic
necessities but they are related with the comforts and luxuries of life. These necessities can be
fulfilled with the help of other resources which include the agricultural and mineral resources.
Human efforts play an important role to benefit from these resources. If human knowledge,
expertise and labor are excluded the other resources will become useless. The natural
resources of oil, gas, gold etc. became wealth because man discovered them and used them
for benefits. Thus we can say that human resources and other resources are interdependent.
Q9: Write a note on moderation in life?
Moderation in life means to live within the available means. There is a saying “excess of
everything is bad”. Moderation is a way of proper thinking, behaviour and actions. Those
who do not moderate their lives are exposed to trouble and hardships. Moderation demands
reasonable attitude towards actions in all matters economic, social and political. Islam taught
moderation in all walks of life and has always stressed on self control.
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1) The people involved in a number of tasks are called human resources 2) The
soil formed from the flooded layers of silt and loam is called Khaddar soil 3)
Mountain forests are found in north and northern western areas
4) The natural gas was first found in Pakistan at a place called Sui Balochistan in 1952
5) Moderation in life means to live within available means
More Notes Visit TaleemCorner.com
the production of sugar but also earns valuable foreign exchange through export of sugar.
Pakistan sugar is of best quality.
Q5: How do means of communication help?
Means of communication are very important for the development of the country. They help in
economic development. The material is carried to factories and manufactured goods are taken
to the market. They reduce unemployment as people can seek employment at distant places
and also travel frequently in brief means of communication help to. Pakistan has all the three
means of communication, namely land (roads) sea and air let us take an account of our means
of communication.
• Develop both agriculture and industry of the country.
• Promote national and international trade.
• Promote unity and national solidarity as people travel to different parts of the country. •
Strengthen defense of the country through quick mobilization of armed force. • Promote
knowledge and art and make their benefits available to other parts of the country.
Q6: Which important cities are situated on the National Highway from Karachi to
Peshawar?
Following cities are situated on the national highway from Karachi to Peshawar
• Karachi
• Hyderabad
• Nawabshah
• Sukkur
• Bahawalpur
• Multan
• Lahore
• Rawalpindi
• Peshawar
Q7: What are the uses of E-Commerce?
E-Commerce stands for electronic commerce. It is carried out by computer and internet. Its
uses are given below:
• The uses of include fast dollars and maintenance of an updated business record. •
It makes imports and export very easy.
• Payment has been made through internet.
• E-Commerce had made trade and business quicker and easier.
• It helps in maintaining an updated correct record of trade and business. Q8: What
steps can be taken for increasing the industrial development in Pakistan? Following
steps will be increasing the industrial development.
• Law and order situation in the country should be improved enabling the investors to
invest money without fear of loss of life or assets.
• Rules and Regulations for trade should be made easier and simplified. •
Smuggling should be eliminated.
• Quality control of products should be guaranteed
• A sense of dignity of labor should be created while training the staff in order to create
sense of devotion to work and doing hard work for more production.
More Notes Visit TaleemCorner.com
Q1: Describe the size and composition of the population of Pakistan? The study of the
changing numbers of births and deaths in a society over a specified period of time is called
demography. Pakistan is a densely populated country, with a density of 166 people per square
kilometer. In Punjab 358, in Sindh 218, in KPK 238, in Balochistan Q2: What is the literacy
rate in Pakistan? How does it affect national development? Literacy rate in Pakistan
remains quite low because of slow economic progress; the literacy rate of Pakistan is 54% in
2014.
Literacy Rate affects National Development: If a society has a high literacy rate, it can
make progress fast. A good literacy rate is a sign of good standard of living. The development
of a country depends on the educational skills and scientific and technical expertise and
know-how. Singapore has total population 3.5 million, its exports are 150 billion dollars
worth annually. Pakistan’s population now is 151 million but its exports are worth 12 billion
dollars per annual.
Q3: How does the growth and migration of population affect the country’s
development?
Pakistan is a densely populated country. Its total resources are not increasing in proportion
with the rate of growth of population. The rate at which the population is increasing has
caused a population explosion. It has resulted in the rise of unemployment, and a decrease in
the facilities of sanitation, health and education. It is necessary to reduce the rate of
population growth and to increase the national resources.
The majority of the Pakistanis live in rural areas. As a result of fast increase in
population and less chances of employment in the villages, people have started moving to the
cities. In spite of employment, there are other attractions for people in cities, e.g., better
opportunities of education and health, cultural activities and recreational facilities. Therefore,
people’s trend to migrate to cities from villages is increasing day by day.
Q4: What are the causes of growth of population in Pakistan?
Following are the causes of growth of population in Pakistan:
• Social factor: Majority of the people believe that ALLAH is the sustainer and provider.
Many people think that having a large family is a source of strength. • No to family
planning: People do not think and take interest in family planning. • Poverty: Poverty is
yet another reason. People think that they get rid of poverty by having a large family.
More Notes Visit TaleemCorner.com
• Early marriages: Early marriages also added to the growth of children. • Lack of
education: The low literacy rate also contributes to the higher population growth.
• Desire: The desire for a male results in producing more children.
Q5: How can a balance be maintained between the growing population and the national
resources?
There must be a balance between national resources and population for the economic and
social progress and development. In case of low population, natural resources cannot be
exploited. If the population is high and growth rate is also high, undue pressure falls on the
natural resources and prosperity cannot be maintained.
Steps That Might Reduce Pressure of Population on Resources:
• A balance must be maintained between population and resources. It is possible by
decreasing the population growth rate and increasing the national resources. • The
productive resources should be developed at a fast rate including industry,
handicrafts, cottage industry, agriculture and trade.
• Technical education and training should be encouraged. There is a shortage of skilled
people in the country.
• New land should be brought under cultivation.
Q6: Describe the effects of growing population on health and education? We have a lack
of government hospitals and health facilities. People have more health problems in villages
than in cities. Our doctors do not want to work in villages. The villagers are, therefore, bound
to go to the quacks for treatment. In cities, people are having difficulties in connection with
treatment facilities because private doctors charge very high fees. Private hospitals and clinics
also charge a lot of fees while the condition of government hospitals beyond description.
Effect of Growing Population on Health: The government’s efforts to promote primary
education have failed and the literacy rate is still low. The standard of primary education is
very low. The standard of education at all level is low. The reasons for that are low standard
of academic programs, old methods of exams, lack of schools and teachers in rural areas etc.
these trends are lowering our level of education day by day. The fast population growth rate is
also hindering the elimination of illiteracy and non standard education. Government should
raised the budget to Rs. 5 billion for the promotion of science and technology in the country
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1) The last Census of Pakistan was held in the year March 2017
2) The density of population in Sindh is 218 persons per Square Kilometers.
3) Total population of Karachi according to the 1998 Census is 10 million.
4) The majority of Pakistanis lives in rural areas.
5) The female literacy rate in Pakistan is 36% according to 1998 Census.
6) Population growth is the main problem of Pakistan.
7) Urdu is the common language of understanding throughout Pakistan.
More Notes Visit TaleemCorner.com
2) Role in Pakistan Movement: In Pakistan movement Urdu was the most favored
language.
3) Media communication: Urdu creating harmony among the people through television
and radio.
4) International language: it is understood by a lot of people outside Pakistan too.
5) Common medium: it is common medium for people to talk and get education.
6) Coordination: Urdu serves as the medium of coordination between different
provinces
Q5: What are the common cultural manifestations in the national life? Islam has united
the people of Pakistan in a fraternal relation. The following cultural manifestation is common
in the national life.
Mixed Culture: People from different regions having different cultures are settled in
Pakistan. With the passage of time mixed culture is emerging now.
Status of Men and Women: Men are the head of family and women are the head of home.
The rights and duties of men and women are determined in our religion. Social Life: Joint
family system is common in Pakistan. Men earn the livelihood and women take care of the
children at home.
Food: Wheat, rice, meat vegetables, pulses. Eating habits are also common. Entertainments:
Our entertainments are also common like Cricket, Hockey, and Football. Beside people watch
T.V and Radio.
Religious Events: We have religious events; e.g. Eid-ul-Fitar, Eid-ul-Adha. Besides, the
occasion of birth and deaths are similar.
Media of Communication: Radio, T.V, Newspaper, Magazines and means of transport all
are playing their part in developing common nation culture.
Single message of love and brotherhood: All the writers convey the message of higher aims
of life to people so that there is Love, Peace, harmony, brotherhood, justice, tolerance and
humanity among them.
Q6: Write down a note on the arts and crafts of Pakistan?
Arts of Pakistan: Arts or fine arts include painting, calligraphy, architecture and music.
Pakistani artists are famous for their painting, calligraphy, Quranic calligraphy, traditional
architecture, music, stone carving and preparation of ornaments with metal and iron. TV and
stage drams have also promoted fine arts.
Crafts of Pakistan: Pakistan is also famous for its handicrafts. Sindhi ajrak and glass
cutwork on clothes are very fine and popular. Embroidery and glass cutwork of K.P.K are
also very popular. Multan is famous for camel skin lamps. Bahawalpur is famous for its
painted vessels. Chiniot is famous for engraved furniture. The handicrafts of Pakistan are also
a source of earning foreign exchange.
Q7: Describe the importance of festivals as a part of our culture?
Many festivals are held in Pakistan every year. These occasions provide entertainment and
joy to the people of Pakistan.
(1) Eid-ul-Fitr: It is celebrated after the month of Ramadan ends and on the first of
Shawwal. This is a reward in the form of blessings of Allah to those Muslims who fasted for
the whole month of Ramadan. People wear good dresses eat vermicelli’s and exchange gifts
poor people are helped in cash and kind by the rich.
More Notes Visit TaleemCorner.com
(2) Eid-ul-Azha: It is celebrated on the 10th of the month of Zil-Hajj in the memory of the
great sacrifice of Hazrat Ibrahim when he offered to sacrifice the life of his dearest son
Hazrat Ismail to fulfill the decree of Almighty Allah on Eid-ul-Azha people sacrifice animals
and distribute meat among their relatives, friends, neighbors and the poor. The sacrifices is
offered for three days i.e. 10th 11th and 12thZil-hajj
(3) Eid Milad-un-Nabi: It is celebrated on 12th of the Islamic month of Rib-ul-Awwal with
great love and devotion. It is celebrated to express happiness on the birth of our Holy prophet.
Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W.S) Homes, streets and bazaars are decorated and illuminated
Religious meetings are held it is celebrated with great devotion and zeal.
FILL IN THE BLANKS
Secondary School Teachers: Those who possess BA/B.Sc degree are provided one year
training called “Bachelor of education” (B.ED) at the government college of education. These
colleges are at a few selected places in each province of the country. Those who further want
to specialize in the subject of education under go one year course called master in education
(M.ED) this course is conducted by the colleges of education and in the Institutes of
education in the universities.
Q7: Describe the importance of Technical and Vocational education in Pakistan? The
present era is that of technical and Vocational education which helps in sustainable economic
and industrial development, Therefore government has paid attention to improve technical
and Vocational education in the country polytechnic institutes have been set up at the level of
each district head quarter. Matric pass students are admitted in these institutes one the basic
of their Merit. The students are awarded Diploma in Technical Education. Government has
started technical projects in the country that objective is to provide physical facilities for
technical education institutions provide equipment, improve courses of technical education
and prepare teachers for imparting technical education. A science education project has also
been started by the government of Pakistan. The objective is to improve standard of
education in the courses of Mathematics Science and computer science. About 6 million
students will benefit from these courses
Q8: What are the educational problems of Pakistan?
Attitude of the Feudal: The feudal system in the main hurdle to our education system. The
feudal lords do not want that the poor people’s children get education. They fear that if
people are educated, they will lose the cheap labor so they discourage people and stop them
to get education.
Dropouts: Each stage of the education of the children dropout rate has increased. About 85%
children are admitted in primary schools but hardly 56% children complete the 5 years cycle
of primary education.
Teacher Absenteeism: In rural area teacher Absenteeism has adversely affected the progress
in education.
High Fees of Private Educational Institution: Private sector educational institutions charge
high fees as compared to the facilities provided there. Teachers are over worked but paid low
salaries Government should exercise control over these schools Registration fee in the private
school.
Shortage of Physical Facilities: The shortage of physical facilities and equipment in the
primary schools has resulted in the decline in the level of education about 25,000 primary
schools are without proper buildings. Most of the schools have no boundary walls, no toilets
and no water facilities. There is shortage of furniture I these schools. The quality of education
is poor in their schools.
Non Availability of Textbooks: Many pupils do not afford the higher cost of textbooks.
Textbooks prescribed by the private and English medium schools are very expensive.
Political Interference: Public representative interfere in the administration of educational
institutions especially in the appointment and transfer of teachers. Merit ignored and
appointments are made on favoritism or political recommendations.
Q9: Mention the objectives of IT education in Pakistan?
• To modernize the educational system of Pakistan by introducing information technology
at all levels.
More Notes Visit TaleemCorner.com
• The concept of an Islamic welfare state is that it maintains “Musawat” i.e. (Equality at
all levels).
Q4: What are the natural goals of Pakistan?
Pakistan is a sovereign Islamic state and its national Goals are:
Setting upon Islamic society: The foremost national objectives of Pakistan is the setting up
of an Islamic society as per the teachings of Islam and principles of democracy Quaid-i-Azam
had said that the purpose of the creation of Pakistan was not to just obtain a piece of land but
then objective was to establish a laboratory where we could practice principles of Islam.
Struggle against exploitation: It is also our national objective to establish an Islamic policy,
based on the principles of equality, social justice, mutual respect and cooperation. This is
possible when people get equal opportunities for progress and prosperity and do not fall
victim to ignorance poverty and exploitation.
State Security: It is the collective responsibility of the people and the government to
safeguard the country from Internal and external dangers. The protection of national identity
and freedom is another important national.
Self-Sufficiency: Pakistan must be made economically self-sufficient. This would require
sustained efforts at national level to work hard depend upon our own resources and promote
education and scientific knowledge. A sense of “Pakistanism” is to be developed to become
self-reliant.
Unity with Muslim countries: It is also our national objective to promote unity among the
Islamic countries and unite them on none platform we have to strengthen the role of
organization of Islamic countries (OIC) so that a uniform stand is taken on the issues
concerning the interests of Muslim Ummah.
Struggle for welfare state: The Most important objective is to make Pakistan a welfare state.
Our resources are limited. They only hurdle in making Pakistan a welfare state is that it has
scantly resources we should. Therefore develop our resources by improving literacy rate,
promoting scientific and technical education and increasing industrial products Elimination of
social evils and corruption in veritable for making Pakistan a welfare state.
themselves, nations of the world have various conflicts and misunderstandings. Peaceful
means should be sought to resolve those problems so that mankind could be prevented from
the horrors of war. A lot of institutions and organizations are working for the cooperation and
contact among the states. UNO is playing a key role in this connection. Peace in the world is
must.
Q7: What is the role of an individual in a welfare state?
When a welfare state is supposed to meet all the basic needs of its citizens, the citizens are
also required to fulfill obligations towards the state following are some important duties of an
individual.
• To remain loyal to the state and get ready for sacrifice at the time of a test. • To show
respect to the rights of the fellow citizens and protect their life honor and property.
• Not to misuse the facilities provided by the state for general public like electricity, gas,
water, supply system, Public parks. Means of transport and public property. • To take part
individually or collectively in a welfare activities.
• Pay the taxes regularly and not to damage government or private property at the time of
protest or agitation. For example damaging vehicles, traffic signals shops, etc. • To keep
the environment clean.
• To help poor, handicapped and needy people in the elements.
• To receive education, learn skills and utilize natural resources to accelerate the peace
progress.
Q8: What steps have been taken by the Government for universal education? Education
is recognized as a basic and fundamental right of the individual in Islam as well as in the UN
character. Education should be free and compulsory up to a specific level for all citizens.
After this level, equal opportunities are provided for all individuals for receiving
Page 28
higher education. This requires increase in the number of educational institutions and other
facilities. In Pakistan efforts are in progress for attaining the target of universal education
following have been taken to spread education in a country.
• In education known as Education Sector Reforms (ESR) have been introduced. The
purpose of these reforms is to introduce a system which fulfills the need and
obligation of independent ideological state of Pakistan. The new system will ensure
access to every citizen to receive education.
• Reforms in education: The study of Islamiyat and Pakistan studies is compulsory to
make the children enlightened and better individuals by understanding the real spirit
of Islam and the importance of Pakistan.
• Steps are being taken to discourage the tendency of business in education. A plane is
under way to provide free education up to class X in a phased manner.
• The service structure and service conditions of the teachers are being made better,
enabling them to work with interest and devotion.
• A program of award a scholarship to the meritorious and poor students has been started
by Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal.
• Awareness campaign has been started to Radio and Television to create interest among
the people to educate their children especially in the girls.
More Notes Visit TaleemCorner.com
• A program namely “Education for All” “EFA” has been started throughout Pakistan
under his scheme non format basic education at institutions has been opened in the
rural areas. Books and educational material are in these institutions.
Q9: Write a note on egalitarian society?
Egalitarian society upholds the principle of equality among the people. It remains stable and
progressive so long the rights of the individuals are safeguarded. A society where social
justice does not exist, remains disturbed and eventually vanished out. Social justice calls for
the protection of life and property of the people preservation of their honor and provision of
basic civic facilities of education, health and recreation are provided without discrimination
this will promote national integrity love and cooperation among the individuals.
The government of Pakistan has been making all out efforts to promote social justices for the
establishment of an egalitarian society.
Q10: Why are the sustained constructive efforts necessary for Pakistan? • Awareness
about the National Goals: Only those nations can make progress which is aware of their
national goals which determine their priorities.
• Dignity of Labour: Hard work is necessary for progress. We should have the dignity of
labour.
• Nature of Education: We should try to increase our literacy rate.
• Guidance and Encouragement: We need proper guidance and encouragement to
develop our nation.
FILL IN THE
BLANKS
• Access to Education and Health: Every child has the right to get education and health
care. The government is responsible for providing these facilities to its citizen. Obligations:
• Respect for law: Every citizen should have respect for law and avoid breaking the law.
• Perception for the rights of others: every citizen is under obligation to care for the
rights of others.
• Loyalty to the country: Every citizen should be loyal to one’s country. A citizen who is
not loyal to one’s country should be considered as traitor and will be duly punished.
Q2: Being a student, what are your duties/responsibilities?
The responsibilities of a student are as follows:
• It is the duty of every student o completes his education with devotion. • During
vacations, a student should devote his time to promote adult education, civil defense or
other welfare work.
• A student should refrain from malpractices such as copying in the exams or indulge in
narcotics or addiction to drugs or smoking.
Q3: What is the meaning of corruption? What are its harmful effects on the
society? Corruption:
• Any malpractices or any wrong doing is corruption.
• All violations of laws come under the corruption.
• Corruption is a crime and there is a punishment for it in all the countries of the world.
Harmful effects of corruption on the society:
• There is an increase in lawlessness.
• There is social and moral damage to society.
• The government does not get the money needed to build more schools, hospitals and
roads.
• People have to suffer more burdens on bills, taxes, and lack civic amenities due to
others’ corruption.
• There is injustice with people in every walk of life.
FILL IN THE
BLANKS
equality and justice in the world. It emphasizes the universality, indivisibility, interrelatedness
and interdependence of all human rights.
FILL IN THE
BLANKS
1) Dignity are those rights which are inherent in every person by virtue of being a human
being.
2) Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations
General Assembly on 10th December 1948
3) The Article 26 of UN Human Rights Declaration states about Right to Education.
Q1: Elucidate the role of the ombudsperson in redressal of public grievance? • The role
of ombudsperson is to provide protection against harassment of women • To create a safe
working environment for a woman which is free of harassment, abuse
and intimidation with a view towards fulfillment of their right to work with dignity •
With the help of ombudsperson The aggrieved person can lodge complaint through online
mechanism free of cost or by post
• The aim of Ombudsperson is to provide justice to the complainants at their door step,
equipped with adequate manpower and logistics.
• The existing law empowers a woman to lodge a complaint to the Ombudsperson. The
proposed amendments seek to ensure equality to both sexes to seek redressal of their
grievances.
➢ What is the role of Human Right Cell established in the Supreme Court of
Pakistan?
The role of human right cell is to deal with applications received on daily basis on the basis
of violation of human rights in Pakistan. This cell is established to provide speedy and fair
justice to the public without any cost. There are many functions of human right cell. It
receives application from public through general post or by email. An overseas complaint cell
has also established to deal with the applications of overseas Pakistanis.
➢ What are the functions of Ministry of Human Rights in Pakistan?
There are several functions of Ministry of Human Rights in Pakistan:
• To review human rights and protection of labour rights in the country without any delay
or discrimination.
• To coordinate activities of Ministries, Divisions and Provincial Governments in order to
facilitate the functions to human rights.
• To collect information, documents and reports on complaints and allegations of human
rights violation from Ministries, Divisions, Provincial Governments and other
agencies.
• To refer inquiries or investigations in respect of any incident of violation of human
rights.
• To pursue or defend issues, complaints representations and matters for and against
Pakistan relating to human rights.
➢ Identify various forms of harassment in your area and write a detailed note on
any two of them?
There are various forms of harassment that can be observed in our society.
➢ Racial harassment
➢ Religious harassment
➢ Sexual harassment
➢ Disability harassment
➢ Political harassment
➢ Bullying
➢ Stalking
Sexual harassment: Sexual harassment is the most common harassment on the basis of
gender. Mostly females are affected by sexual harassment particularly at workplace or
sometimes in public place. The men are less affected by sexual harassment as compare to
women. It includes physical contact, verbal contact, or sometimes inappropriate use of
gestures.
Racial harassment: Racial harassment also exists in our society and it has several bad
impacts on the people who are being harassed. This harassment occurs due to the superiority
complex on the basis of race, language and culture. This social ill can be diagnosed and
treated through proper counseling.
Prepared By USTANI G
More Notes Visit TaleemCorner.com
FILL IN THE
BLANKS