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Problem 1
F0
ρ0
CA0
CB0
V
ρ F
CA ρ
CB CA
CB
Figure 1: CSTR.
For both, simultaneous and reversible reactions, the quantities entering, leaving, and accumulating in the system
are, for a generic component j, as follows:
A: −(k1 + k2 )V CA
B: k1 V CA
C: k2 V CA
A: −k1 V CA + k2 V CB
B: k1 V CA − k2 V CB
1
The expressions for the continuity equations are:
d
A: (V CA ) = F0 CA0 − F CA − k1 V CA + k2 V CB
dt
d
B: (V CB ) = F0 CB0 − F CB + k1 V CA − k2 V CB
dt
Problem 3
For a batch reactor, the continuity equations are analogous to the CSTR example, without the inflow and
outflow terms.
1. Consecutive
d
A: (V CA ) = −k1 V CA
dt
d
B: (V CB ) = k1 V CA − k2 V CB
dt
d
C: (V CC ) = k2 V CB
dt
2. Simultaneous
d
A: (V CA ) = −(k1 + k2 )V CA
dt
d
B: (V CB ) = k1 V CA
dt
d
C: (V CC ) = k2 V CA
dt
3. Reversible
d
A: (V CA ) = −k1 V CA + k2 V CB
dt
d
B: (V CB ) = k1 V CA − k2 V CB
dt
Problem 5
M
x
θ
g sin θ
g
First, the forces experienced by the ensemble of mass M must be determined. The first is the component of the
weight parallel to the hill Fg = M g sin θ, the second is the air resistance Fr = kv 2 . Now from Newton’s second
law:
dx2
M = Fg + Fr
dt
2
dx
= M g sin θ − k
dt
dx
With initial conditions x(t=0) = 0, = v0 .
dt (t=0)
Assuming that halfway the sled already reached his “terminal velocity”, after Snoopy jumps, Charlie Brown
will decelerate, because Fg is momentarily smaller than Fr . In any case, the final velocity reached by Charlie
Brown alone will be smaller than the velocity that would have been reached is Snoopy remained in the sled.
2
LC
hβ Fβ
LC
F0
hα
Fα
Figure 3: Decanter.
Problem 7
Assuming that F0 , Fα and Fβ are volumetric flows, first a volume fraction is calculated as:
xα ρβ
xα,v =
ρα − xα (ρα − ρbeta )
The dynamic equations for the height of each phase are:
dhα 1
= (F0 xα,v − Kα hα )
dt Ad
dhβ 1
= (F0 (1 − xα,v ) − Kβ (hα + hβ ))
dt Ad
Where Ad is the transverse area of the decanter.
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