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Effect of Temperature Rise on the Performance of Induction Motors

Conference Paper · January 2010

DOI: 10.1109/ICCES.2009.5383074 · Source: IEEE Xplore

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 Effect of Temperature Rise on the Performance
of Induction Motors
Fahim .A. Khalifa Sobhy Serry Mohamed ..M. ismail Basem Elhady
Suez Canal University Suez Canal University Suez Canal University Suez Canal University

Abstract—This paper presents and discusses the II. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF INDUCTION MOTOR
theoretical and experimental results of the
associated effects of temperature rise on the
performance of the induction motor. These effects The two phase electrical equations of the
are theoretically studied, in which a model for the induction motor in an arbitrary frame rotating at
induction motor is developed by using MATLAB
program. The model adopted is involving the
speed [2] Ȧa are given by:
electrical, mechanical, and thermal effects of the d\ s
V s RsIs  Z a J 2\ s
induction motor. Simulation results was carried dt (1)
out on the induction motor to predict the effects of d\ r
the temperature rise on the stator resistance, stator 0 RrIr   Z a  Z e J 2\ r
and rotor current, rotor speed, stator flux, and dt
stator and rotor copper losses.
ª0  1º
J2 «1 0 »¼
where ¬
Index Terms— temperature rise, induction
motor, thermal model, electrical model. Finally, the mechanical equation can be
expressed as:
dZ
I. INTRODUCTION J  bZ T  T L
dt (2)
This paper is concerned with the phenomenon of
insulator breakdown due to the temperature rise Where J is the inertia of the motor, TL is the load
and with the effect of the temperature rise on the torque. Because the expression of T differs from
performance of the induction motors. Due to the one model to another, each variable will be
importance of the induction motors in practical denoted by a distinct symbol.
life, this phenomenon will be studied. Among
the various types of the induction motors is the III. THE THERMAL MODEL
squirrel cage type, which is the most commonly
used due to its small cost and good reliability.
The increase of mechanical loading on the motor
shaft. , Braking of the motor shaft and Short
circuit occurrence are all causes of raising the
temperature winding of induction motor.
The remainder of this paper is organized
as follows: Section II presents the mathematical
model of the induction motor adopted in this
paper. Section III discusses the thermal model of
the induction motor. Section IV discusses the Fig. 1 A schematically block diagram of the
proposed model of the induction motor. Section thermal model.
V discusses the effect of temperature rise on the
induction motor performance at different loads.
The experimental setup will be presented in In this Section, the developed model can be
Section VI, while the experimental results will applied to predict and help avoiding of induction
be presented in section VII. Finally, Section IX motors working under a range of operating
concludes the paper. conditions. A user wants to apply a 370 W, 4
poles, small induction motor with insulation

978-1-4244-5844-8/09/$26.00 ©2009 IEEE 549

class B (this class has the allowable temperature
threshold at 393°K) for a certain period of time.
According to requirements of the load, the
specified input parameters are: frequency is at 50
Hz, line voltage 380 V, and load torque 0, 0.5, 1,
1.5, 1.85 N.m.
To solve this and similar problems, a program in
SIMULINK that uses the thermal model [3] is
an input has been developed.
Fig.(1) gives a schematically block diagram of
the thermal model Fig. 2. Block diagram of the simulated model. .
The differential equation for the temperature rise
in a conductor, neglecting heat loss is [4]:-
dT
I 2R CT (3)
dt
I2 R is the input watts (conductor loss)
Ct is the thermal capacity of the conductor in
watt-sec./°C
dș /dt is the rate of change of temperature in
°C/second
The equation can be integrated to find the
temperature rise:
t
1
C T ³0
T I 2 R .dt (4)

IV. MODELING OF INDUCTION MOTOR

In this Section, the simulation model

implemented in MATLAB program as shown in
fig (2), the environment for induction motor will
be analyzed using electrical and thermal models;
the summation of all torques acting on the motor
shaft comprises the mechanical model. Here, the
driving torque developed by the motor is resisted
by the load torque and the moment of inertia of
all the rotating elements, each of them is slip
dependent. The thermal model depends on the
equation for heat rise due to current flowing in a
conductor determined by the thermal capacity in
watts, I2 R , thermal resistance, and the rotor
slip. According to the ultimate protection
criteria, the thermal model is used to estimate the
rotor temperature șt, resulting from the initial
condition based on the initial Temperature T0
[5, 6, 7].
Fig. (3) show the thermal model of the induction
motor using MATLAB.
Fig 3. Bock diagram of the model on MATLAB
VI. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP OF INDUCTION MOTOR
In this Section, the setup of the conducted
experiments is presented and shown in Fig (4).
Generally, the load increase can be done
mechanically or feeding DC generator with
resistive load. However, because the mechanical
load is not available, a resistive load is used
instead and is connected to induction motor via
the use of a separately excited DC generator. Let
us consider a motor operating a conveyor which
is coupled with a gearbox. If there is an overload
on the conveyor, this motor will draw more
current and thus will consume more power to
take over this extra load. If two gearbox cases
were suddenly engaged, the motor will draw a
high short circuit current and the protective
device will trip out. This will also result in an
increase in the motor temperature which may
exceed 180º C (class c). This in turn results in
the breakdown of the insulation.

550
 relationship between stator temperature and time
90
temp.-Calculated
temp.-Measured
80

70

stator temperature ( C )
60

50

40

30

20
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
time(minutes)

Fig.5. A curve describing the change of the

Fig 4. Experimental Model of the system motor temperature rise of the stator with time .

VII. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS relationship between stator temperature and stator current

is-Calculated
1.9 is-Measured

The objective of the experimental setup at

1.8
no load is to address the influence of temperature
stator current(Amp.)

increase on the performance of the induction 1.7

motor. The effect of the temperature rise on the 1.6

motor performance was investigated by
gradually increasing the motor load. In the 1.5

following, the experimental measurements and 1.4

simulation results will be shown and compared
with each other [8]. 1.3

Fig. (5) shows the temperature increase with

20 30 40 50 60 70 80
time. The maximum temperature reached stator temperature ( C )

according to the measurements was 85º C as

shown in Figs. (5), while in the simulation Fig 6. A curve describing the change of the
results it was 68º C due to the negligence of the stator current with temperature of the stator
environmental conditions. Also, the components
of MATLAB program are ideal. Fig. (6) shows relationship between stator temperature and input power
the decrease of the stator current with increasing 180
Pin-Calculated
the temperature according to the measurements Pin- Measured
160
due to the increase of the stator resistance with
the temperature. Also, in the simulation results, 140

the stator current decreases but with a smaller

input power ( W)

120
rate.
Fig.(7) shows according to the measurements the 100
increase of the input power with the temperature.
80
The simulation results show that the input power
is constant with increasing the temperature 60
because the load torque is kept constant. Fig.(8)
40
shows the decrease of the speed versus the
temperature in both theoretical and experimental 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
stator temperature ( C )
results. Fig (9) shows the increase of the slip
versus the temperature in the experimental
results, while in the simulation results, it Fig 7. A curve describing the change of the
increases by a very small rate. Input power with temperature of the stator.

551
 relationship between stator temperature and speed
1500
1490
speed (r.p.m)
1480
1470
1460
1450
1440
20 30 40
stator temperature ( C )
Fig 8. A curve describing the change of the
Rotor speed with temperature of the stator
relationship between stator temperature and slip
0.05
0.04
0.03
slip
0.02
0.01
0 Fuzzy Controller on Induction motor," M.Sc.
-0.01
20 30 40
stator temperature ( C )
Fig 9. A curve describing the change of the
Slip with temperature of the stator
VIII. CONCLUSIONS
The temperature rise due to a variety of
reasons affects the performance of the induction
motors. In this paper, the effect of temperature
variation on the performance of the induction
motors was investigated. The presented method
was implemented and simulated using MATLAB
and the results given by simulation are very close
to their experimental equivalents. The proposed
thermal model was utilized with the rotor
windings. An experimental setup was
constructed to measure the temperature rise
using a sensor, From the theoretical and
experimental results, we can conclude that t he
insulation resistance decreases with the increase
of the winding temperature , the stator current
decreases with the increase of the winding
temperature, the efficiency of the motor under
study becomes poor with the increase of
windings’ temperature due to the increase of the
motor losses, the unfavorable effect of
temperature rise on motor performance is more
significant in full-load cases, the maximum
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speed-Calculated
speed- Measured temperature reached according to the
measurements was 85º C, while in the simulation
results it was 68º C due to the negligence of the
environmental conditions. Also, the components
of MATLAB program are ideal , the increase of
the temperature could have an effect on the
performance of all the electrical machines and
finally the slip increases with the temperature in
both the experimental and simulation results.
The main contribution of this paper is the that
the motor performance decrease with increasing
50 60 70 80
of winding temperature , Increasing of motor
winding temperature increasing of the input
power consumption , the increasing in the
winding temperature of the motor cause
decreasing of the motor speed and decrease the
motor efficiency.
Slip-Calculated
estimated from measurments
REFERENCES
[1] B. Theraja, G. London, and Grad,"Electical
Technology,"1976.
[2] M. Ismail, "Selection of Optimal Flux Set
Point of Field Oriented Vector Control Using
Thesis, Cairo University, October 2000.
[3] D.H. Plevin, C.N. Glew,and J.H. Dymond,"
50 60 70 80 Equivalent Load Test For Induction Machines –
[4] Tee Forward Short Circuit Test," IEEE
Trans. on Energy Conversion, vol. 14, no. 3,
Sep. 1999.
[5] S. Zocholl, “Induction Motors: Part I-
Analysis,” Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories,
Inc., Pullman, Washington, available at:
http://www.selinc.com/techpprs/6023.pdf.
[6] W. Penrose," Repair Specification for low
Voltage Polyphase Induction Motors Intended
for PWM Inverter Application," Ph.D. Thesis,
Kennedy-Western University, 2001.
[7] J. K. Kim,S. Kwak,H. Jung, and S. Yong
Jung3," Optimization of Multilayer Buried
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2006.
[8] M.S. Rajagopal,K.N. Seetharamu,and P.A
Ashwa," Transient Thermal Analysis of
Induction Motors," IEEE Trans. on Energy
Conversion, vol. 13, vo. 1, March 1998.
[9] B. E. ElSaid, "Effect of temperature variation
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