ADAMSON UNIVERSITY

College of Science
Physics Department

Experiment No. 1
Familiarization with Electrical
Apparatus and Connections

4
Group No. SCHEDULE Grade

C.N. NAME COURSE SIGNATURE

Jovy Rose Barotil BS-Chem
Micah Yla Monte de Ramos BS-Chem
Xandra Samson BS-Chem

D.O.P. D.O.S.

Mr. Ronald Rey Ranay

Instructor
https://bit.ly/2Fj8Jvw

A measuring instrument
used to measure the current
in a circuit.
 measure voltage, current, and
resistance.

https://amzn.to/3hfELpz
 plate, which is, of course,
the diaphragm.

https://bit.ly/2DIW7gN
 a common enclosure.

https://bit.ly/2R9Xybq
https://bit.ly/3bGX0TC
https://bit.ly/2DHzbys
 impedance matching in antenna
tuners.

https://amzn.to/35goluN
https://bit.ly/3jU6opQ
 creating very high electric
potentials.

https://amzn.to/35k9UpC
 ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL
APPARATUS SYMBOL
1.SPTS (Single Pole Single Throw)

2.SPDT (Single Pole Double Throw)

3.Cell

4.Battery

5.Capacitator
6.Voltmeter

7.Ammeter

8.Galvanometer

9.Resistor

10.Variable Resistor (Rheostat or

Potentiometer)
11. Bulb

12. AC power supply

13.DC power source

Data and Results:

Fill in the table with the data gathered from the experiment. For your computations, you may
use a clean bond paper for the solutions, take a photo or scan it and attach it in the paper that
you will be submitting. You may also use equation tools for your solutions.

Table 1.2: Use of Ammeter and Voltmeter

Resistance (Ω) Current (A) Voltage (V)

20Ω 2.00A 40.00V
40Ω 1.00A 40.00V
60Ω 0.67A 40.00V
80Ω 0.50A 40.00V
100Ω 0.40A 40.00V

Table 1.3: Series Connection of SPST Switches

S1 S2 Observation and Interpretation

When the S1 is off and the S2 is on, it ceases the electron
Off On movement, then the light bulb does not emit light.
When the S1 is on and the S2 is off, it ceases the electron
On Off movement, then the light bulb does not emit light.
If all switches are turned on, the electrons begin to travel slowly,
On On because the battery voltage is set to 10.0 volts, and now the light
bulb generates light.

Table 1.4: Parallel Connection of SPST Switches

S1 S2 Observation and Interpretation

Once the S1 is off and the S2 is turned on, the electrons slowly
begin to move on the side of the S2 and detach to the S1, and it
Off On persists because the S2 wire is still attached to the battery, which
is why the light bulb still produces electricity.
Once the S1 is on and the S2 is turned off, the electrons slowly
begin to move on the side of the S1 and detach to the S2, and it
On Off persists because the S1 wire is still attached to the battery, which
is why the light bulb still produces electricity.
 If all the switches are flipped on, the electrons move more
slowly than the previous two, since there are two directions in
On On which the electrons will pass, the side of the S1 and the S2, and
indeed the light bulb also generates electricity.

Table 1.5: SPDT Connection on Figure 1.6b

Switch on Observation and Interpretation

As soon as the left switch is flipped on and the right switch is flipped off, the
electrons slowly continue to travel to the left side of the switch and disconnect to
Left
the right switch, and this continues because the left switch cord is still connected to
the battery, which is the reason why the bulb still generates electricity.
As soon as the left switch is flipped off and the right switch is flipped on, the
electrons slowly continue to travel to the right side of the switch and disconnect to
Right
the left switch, and this continues because the right switch cord is still connected to
the battery, which is the reason why the bulb still generates electricity.

Analysis

This section analyses the result of the experiment. Upon the first experiment on first test
with the resistor on 20Ω resistance, it was recorded by the ammeter that the current flow is 2.00A
while the voltmeter recorded 40.00V. By the second test where the resistance was raised to 40Ω
resulting to the current flow to decrease to 1.00A, yet the voltmeter did not record any change at
all. The process was repeated with the resistance increasing by 20Ω each test and the current flow
keep on decreasing drastically recorded by the ammeter with the voltmeter not recording any
change at all. This is true following the Ohm’s Law which covers the three elements manipulated
in this experiment – resistance, current, and voltage – and in which states that voltage is directly
proportional to the current running to the resistance; to which in this case can be said as if the
voltage did not change and the resistance keep on increasing, the flow of current will keep on
decreasing.
 During the 1st experiment on series circuit with SPST switches, it was observed that if
either one of the switches were turned off, then the electron ceases to flow from the battery to the
bulb. Only when both switches were on that the circuit closes off resulting to the bulb generating
light since the electron can finally flow from the battery. This had happened for the reason that
there was only a single path from the battery to the bulb, as the characteristic of a series circuit,
and when something disrupted the flow of current, the whole operation on the circuit cease to stop.
On 2nd experiment, where the circuit was modified to a parallel circuit, it was observed that
unlike previous experiment, the bulb lights up even with only one of the switches were turned on.
The current on the circuit did not cease to flow even if one of the switches were off but they simply
look for alternative way to flow from the battery to the bulb and back for the very reason that it
was a parallel circuit. In a parallel circuit, the bulb was connected to the battery in more than one
way, a distinct characteristic of this circuit, that when a disruption happened, it was still possible
for the current to reach the bulb through the other way.
Meanwhile, on the experiment with the SPDT switch, the same observation was found the
only difference is the type of switch that was used. With the earlier experiment, two SPDT switches
were used therefore there were two separate poles that control the circuit to which also have two
separate ON options that directs the flow of current from battery to the bulb. With the SPDT
switch, there was only one pole that has two possible ON options that connects the flow of current
from battery to the bulb.

Conclusion

Overall the experiment was successful into proving that increasing the resistance in a
circuit will lower the flow of current, provided that the voltage did not change in value, following
the rules of Ohm’s Law.
The experiment on SPST switches proved the rule of thumb when it comes to
classifications of circuits: in series circuit, when disruption happened, the whole operation ceases
to stop for the very reason that there is only a single path of current from the battery to the bulb;
while in parallel circuit that has multiple ways from battery to the bulb, even with one of those
was disrupted, current still flowed from battery to the bulb with the other paths that were not
disrupted.
 Another factor that was considered in this experiment was the use of switch. This
experiment found out that the use of a single SPDT switch is better than the use of two SPST
switches in parallel circuit for the reason that why would one have to use two when the action
could be done with only one. Though both have different strengths, such as in the use of two SPST
switches, there is still a possibility of an OFF button, when both switches were off; with SPDT,
however, OFF is not an option for in either side the switch was turn into, another wire was open.
Documentation:

B2: Use of Voltmeter and Ammeter

Figure 1: Resistance with value of 20 Ω

Figure 2: Resistance with value of 40 Ω

Figure 3: Resistance with value of 60 Ω

Figure 4: Resistance with value of 80 Ω

Figure 5: Resistance with value of 100 Ω
B3: Use of SPST Switches – (a) Series Circuit

Figure 6: Series Circuit used for Table 1.3

 Figure 7: Series
Figure Circuit
9: Series when
Circuit S1 both
when is OFF and S2are
switches is ON
ON

Figure 8: Series Circuit when S1 is ON and S2 is OFF

 B3: Use of SPST Switches – (a) Series Circuit

Figure 9: Parallel Circuit used in Table 1.4

Figure 10: Parallel Circuit when S1 is ON and S2 is OFF

 Figure 11: Parallel Circuit when S1 is OFF and S2 is ON

Figure 11: Parallel Circuit when both switches are ON

 Figure 12: Circuit used in Table 1.5

Figure 13: Circuit used in Table 1.5 when Left is ON

Figure 14: Circuit used in Table 1.5 when Right is ON