Digital

Signal Processing
 About the course

•  Course Objectives

•  Recommended Course Books

•  Expectations

•  Syllabus Outline

•  Marking Scheme

•  Introduction to DSP
 Course objec6ves
•  An understanding of basic concept of discrete-time
signal processing on which analysis of digital signal
processing is based.

•  The capability to use discrete-time signal

processing principles to analyze and design simple
digital filter.
 Recommended course books
1.  Tan, Li. 2008. Digital Signal Processing: Fundamental and
Applications. USA: Elsevier.

2.  Ludeman, Lonnie C. 1987. Fundamentals of Digital Signal

Processing, Singapore: John Wiley and Sons.

3.  Lyons. 2001. Understanding Digital Signal Processing, 2nd

Ed., New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

4.  Poornachandra, S., Sasikala, B. 2010. Digital Signal

Processing, 3rd Ed. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill.
 Expecta6ons
•  Student will have a new insight of this lecture and
can apply it into telecommunication field.
 Syllabus outline
WEEK LECTURES READINGS ASSIGNMENTS
HW-1:
Slides
1 Introduction to DSP Resume of DSP
 
Applications
 
Signal Sampling and Quantization HW-2:
2 Ref 1: Ch 2
Lab Problems Ch 2
 
HW-3:
3 Digital Signal and System (1) Ref 1: Ch 3
Problems Ch 3

Digital Signal and System (2) HW-4:

4 Ref 1: Ch 3
Lab Problems Ch 3

HW-5:
5 DFT (1) Ref 1: Ch 4
Problems Ch 4

DFT (2) HW-6:

6 Ref 1: Ch 4
Lab Problems Ch 4

7 Mid Exam Lecture 1 to 6  

 Syllabus outline (cont’d)
WEEK LECTURES READINGS ASSIGNMENTS
Z Transform HW-7:
8 Ref 1: Ch 5
Lab Problems Ch 5

HW-8:
9 Basic of Filtering (1) Ref 1: Ch 6
Problems Ch 6

Basic of Filtering (2) HW-9:

10 Ref 1: Ch 6
Lab Problems Ch 6

Time-and frequency-domain design HW-10: Problems

11 Ref 1: Ch 8
techniques for recursive (IIR) filters (1) Ch 8
Time-and frequency-domain design
HW-11: Problems
12 techniques for recursive (IIR) filters (2) Ref 1: Ch 8
Ch 8
Lab
Time-and frequency-domain design
HW-12: Problems
13 techniques for non-recursive (FIR) Ref 1: Ch 7
Ch 7
filters (1)
Time-and frequency-domain design
techniques for non-recursive (FIR) HW-13: Problems
14 Ref 1: Ch 7
filters (2) Ch 7
Lab
 Marking scheme
•  Weekly Activities (homework, exercise) 30%

•  Mid Exam 20%

•  Final Exam 20%

•  Final Project 30%

Session - 1

INTRODUCTION TO DSP
DSP Applica6on: Image Processing
Applica6ons of DSP: Audio Processing
Applica6ons of DSP: Speech Processing
 Applica6ons of DSP: Others

•  Security

•  Defence

•  Art

•  Culture

•  Banking

•  Metrology dan Geophysic, etc

 A Journey

“Learning digital signal processing is not

something you accomplish; it’s a journey you
take”.

R.G Lyons,
Understanding Digital Signal processing
 Learning DSP

•  Means, learning DSP is a

journey. When we gain an
understanding of some topic,
questions arise that cause
you to investigate some
other facet of DSP. Armed
with more knowledge, we’re
likely to begin exploring
further aspects of DSP much
like those shown in this
diagram…
 DSP is the most powerful technologies!

Digital Signal Processing is one of the most powerful

technologies that will shape science and engineering
in the twenty-first century.

Revolutionary changes have already been made in a broad range of

fields: communications, medical imaging, radar & sonar, high fidelity
music reproduction, and oil prospecting, to name just a few. Each of
these areas has developed a deep DSP technology, with its own
algorithms, mathematics, and specialized techniques.
 How to learn DSP (1)
•  Talking in digital signal processing language does not require both
strong analytical skill and complex mathematical background.
–  All you need is your experience in learning Basic Mathematics, such as
Trigonometry (you know what is sinusoidal wave, etc.), and the appropriate DSP
books.

•  In the beginning, we only know about analog and continuous signal

(Continuously, with no break at all. For example: If we have one data
from t = 0 until t = 1 s, it means that we have all of the data
completely, not only at t = 0 s or t = 1 s exactly).

•  The existence of the computer technology, signal processing is

progressing because the signal data can be stored and processed
using computer. How it could be?
 How to learn DSP (2)
!  Sampling

According to previous explana6on, can you imagine, how much data is

stored if it is s6ll to be con6nuous?
From t = 0 s to t = 1 s, they can be unlimited!

But, there is another op6on, convert con6nuous data into discrete data!

For a par6cular t, for example: sampling period (T ) is 0.5 s means that its
sampling frequency (fs) is 2 Hz or 2 data for every second. So, in 1 minute,
it will have 60 x 2 data or 120 data/ minute.
 How to learn DSP (3)

!  Quan5za5on,

To convert analog unit into digital unit (n-bits).

For example, if we have 3-bits there are 23 = 8 data.

More bits will be more accurate but a lot of storage space is
needed.
 How to learn DSP (4)

•  Digital data still have to be analyzed because it still

in time domain.

–  We cannot do further more in this domain.

–  We have almost no information.

•  We have to convert the data into frequency domain.

•  That’s why we have to learn Discrete Fourier

Transform or DFT.
 How to learn DSP (5)
•  You might be have questions:
“How does DFT work?”
“Why is there leakage (cacat) in the result?

•  The answers are:

“Convolution”
“Window Functions “

•  Again, you might have questions,

What is window functions? What for? How does it work?

The answer is:

You have to learn digital filters.
 What is a filter? Why we have to learn it?

•  Any medium through which the music signal passes, whatever

its form, can be regarded as a filter. It can modify the sound
in some way.

–  The different vowel sounds in speech are produced primarily by changing

the shape of the mouth cavity, which changes the resonances and hence
the filtering characteristics of the vocal tract. The tone control circuit in
an ordinary car radio is a filter, as are the bass, midrange, and treble
boosts in a stereo preamplifier. Graphic equalizers, reverberators, echo
devices, phase shifters, and speaker crossover networks are further
examples of useful filters in audio. There are also examples of
undesirable filtering, such as the uneven reinforcement of certain
frequencies in a room with “bad acoustics.”

–  A well-known signal processing wizard is said to have remarked, “When

you think about it, everything is a filter”.

Sumber: Agfianto Eko Putra (http://agfi.staff.ugm.ac.id)

 What is a filter? Why we have to learn it? (2)

A digital filter is just a filter that operates on digital signals, such as sound
represented inside a computer

!  It is a computa0on which takes one sequence of numbers (the input

signal) and produces a new sequence of numbers (the filtered output
signal).

!  The filters are not digital only because they operate on signals that are not
digital. It is important to realize that a digital can do anything that a real-
world filter can do.

!  Thus, a digital filter is only a formula for going from one digital signal to
another.
◦  It may exist as an equa0on on paper, as a small loop in a computer subrou6ne, or as a
handful of integrated circuit chips properly interconnected.