219 : Chapter 10 Pair of Straight Lines 10.1 Introduction Let = Ax + By +C,=0 be the equations of two straight lines. Consider the equation (Ax + By +C,) (A+ By+C,)=0 — .....(3) ‘The coordinates of any point lying in straight line (1) will satisfy (3) also. Hence all points onthe straight line (1) lie on (3). Similarly all points lying on the straight line (2) lie on (3). Conversely, the coordinates of any point lying on (3) will satisfy (1) or (2) or both. Hence equation (3) represents a pair of the straight lines given by (1) and (2). If the left hand side of equation (3) be expanded we get an equation of second degree in x and y, i.e. an equation of the form ax? + Qhxy + by? + 2gx + fy + c= 0. Thus we see that the equation of a pair of lines is a second degree equation. But the converse is not always true.As we shall see later, equations of second degree will represent 2 pair of straight lines only ifthe left hand side can be resolved into two Tinear factors. and Axx +By+C,=0 ......(2) Homogeneous Equation An equation with two variables x and y as a homogeneous equation. If the degree of homogeneous equation of degree two or a S general form of a homogeneous equation of de ax +2hxy + by =0. in which each term has the same degree is known each term is 2, then the equation is known as the ‘ccond degree homogeneous equation. The most gree two is of Second Degree ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0, traight Lines through the Origin. ax? + hry + by’ =0. 10.2 The Homogeneous Equation always Represents a Pair of S The homogeneous equation of second degree in x and y is The equation can be written as pots Sst=0, if b 40 © OBO go Scanned with CamScannersTHEMATICS: GRADE XI 220 Basic MAI _y This is quadratic in: Henee~ will have two values, ™ and m,, say = oT and =m apn a ory = But these are straight lines through the origin. Ifb = 0, the given equation becomes ax + hry =0 x(ax + 2hy) = 0. which represents two straight lines through Hence in all cases the homogeneous equation wi origin, a Notes Since m, and m, are two values of 2 Loe(2) + +2) $0 we have, 22h the origin viz. x=0 and ax + 2hy = 0. ill represent two straight lines through the and mym,= 10.3 Angle between the line pair represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0 i) and y=mx Let y=mx be the equations of two lines represented by the equation ax + Yhxy + by? =0 where m+ m= and mym,= 5. Slopes of the lines (i) and ({i) are m, and m, respectively, If be the a between the lines (i) and (ii), then 7 Fm) 4mm, T+ mm, mtn (a2 ead Condition of perpendicularity Two lines will be perpendicular to each other if @ = 90° Scanned with CamScannerPair of Straight Lines 221 $0, cot 90° = ane wath a ° Nib a+b =0 ive. coeff. of x? + coeff. of? =0 Condition for coincident lines Two lines will be coincident if @ = 0° So, tan 0 or, 0 ; WP =ab ‘Note: The homogeneous equation of degree two i.e. ax” + 2hxy + by? = 0 represents i) two real and distinct lines if h? - ab > 0 ii) two real and coincident lines if h? — ab =0 iii) two imaginary lines if A? - ab <0. 10.4 Bisectors of the Angles between the Pair of Lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0. Let y = myx and y = mx be the two lines through origin represented by ax” + 2hxy + by’ = 0, so that m, + m,=— and mm, =. Let OA and OB be the two lines asin the figure and let OC and”. OD be the bisectors of the angles between them. If OA and OB make angles 6, and 0, with OX, tan 0, = m, and tan @, = m,. Let OC make an angle @ with OX. From the figure, we have ZXOC = ZXOA + ZAOC 0 =0,+30,-0)=20,* 8) or, 20 =0, +8, or, tan 20 =tan (0, +8) ie. tan (2 ZXOC) = tan 20 = tan (0, + 8,) Also ZXOD = ZXOC+90°=0+90° and tan (2 ZXOD) = tan (20 + 180°) = tan 20. Scanned with CamScannerES 22 BASIC MATHEMATICS: GRADE XI av. Hence if (x, y) be any point in OC, or OD, we have tan ZXOC or tan ZXOD =", and tan 2 ZXOD = tan 2 ZXOC = tan 20. But tan 20 =tan (0, +0,) 2tang __tan@, +tan@, tan? 9 ~ 1 —tan 0, tan 0, or, or, heey?) = (ab) xy. Since this is true for any point (x, y) in OC or OD, it represents the two bisectors, Alternative Method: Let the two straight lines represented by the equation a+ Qhy+by=0 be y=mx and y= mx sothat m, +m,=—7h and The equations of the bisectors of the angles between the lines yomx=0 and y—mx=0 rata) yomx y-mx ae = ey ' itm? "tre Their combined equation is (FS Y=mx —y-mx itm? 4 TSS 5] . 5) y=m x)? em) Gees) -9 (1 m2) 0? ~ 2m ary + m22)—(1 +m or (m2 —m2)—~2xy (m, ea or (Py) (m2 — m3) = day (m, — e 1) (P= 2msxy + m2s2) = 0 2) —F (m2 — m2) =0 m,)(1—mym,) Scanned with CamScannerPair of Straight Lines 223 1-5 o FPR a) b or Boyt ay poy _y or “G-b kh or kG? -y2)=(a—4)xy which is the required equation. 10.5 Condition that the General Equation of Second Degree may Represent a Line Pair ‘The general equation of second degree in x and y is, ax? + hry + by + 2gr + 2fpte=0 (a#0). ‘The equation may be written as a quadratic in x, viz. act 2x(hy+g)+ bye + 2fyrc=0 Solving for x, rat Ly +9)2Vip tea? BHO} These equations will be linear only if (hy + g) — a(by"+ 2fy + ¢) be a perfect square ie. (P-ab)y+2Agh-af)y+(g’-ac) bea perfect square. ie. (gh—af)—(h? ab) (g?- ac) =0. ite, a(abe + 2fgh — af - bg? ch’)=0 Since a #0, the required conditions is abe + 2fgh - af ~ bg? — ch = 0. Ifa=0 but b £0, then the given equation can be expressed as a quadratic in y and we can find the condition in the same way. Note I: This condition may also be expressed in the following determinant form ahg hb f|=o te Note2: Ifa= 6 = 0 and A #0, then the given equation will reduce to 2hxy + 2gx + 2fyto=0 This can be written as -2x(hy + 8) +2iy+9) S 4 or, hy +8) ef) Fr eno y ‘This represents two straight lines its c=0 or, 2fg—ch=0 Bice ten 0 Scanned with CamScanner224 10.6 If the Equations ax? + 2hxy + by? BASIC MATHEMATICS: GRADE XI + 2gx + 2fy + ¢ = O represent a Paip of Lines, then ax? + 2hxy + by? = O represent a Pair of Lines through the Origin Parallel to the above Pair. ' Aah Let ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2gx + 2fp + c= 0 represent a pair of straight lines. So the left hand side can be resolved into two linear factors and the equation may they be written as (Lx + my +n,) (xt my tn,)=0 ny =, where Il) =a, mm,=b, nym : x Mt , Im, + ml, = 2h, Ln, + mb, myn, + myny ‘The separate equations of the lines are 7 Ixtmytn,=0 and Lx t+my+n,=0 Hence the equations of the ines through the origin parallel to the above lines are /x-+my =Oand Ix + my=0. ‘The combined equation is (hx+ my) (x + my) =0 or, Aylx? + (Lym, + Lym, xy + my? =0 or, ax + 2hxy + by? =0. Note 1 : Angle between two lines represented by ) ax? + Dhay + by? +2gx + If c= 0 is same as the angle between the two lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? =0 i di ‘Since the two lines represented by the equation (ii) are parallel to the two lines represented by the equation (i). So, the angle between the two lines given by (I) is same as the angle between the lines given by (i). But the angle between the lines represented by (ji) is given by tan =. ath ‘So, the angle between the two lines represented by equation (i) is also given by the same formula ‘The two lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2gx + 2fy + = 0 will be perpendicular to each other if 4+ b= 0 and they will represent parallel lines if h? = ab. Note 2: To find the equation of the bisectors of the angles between the lines represented by the general Note 3: The point of equation of the second degree we proceed as follows. Find the se} i and : : arate equations of the two lines, find the equations ofthe bisectors. Combine the two equations to get a single equation of the bsttor® ersection of the two lines represented by th i onl obtained by solving the separate equations Tse Axtmy+nm=0 and xt mytn,=0 for x and y, iti i : : 7 = 4, and writing down the result in terms of the coefficients of the given equation by using tht 1h=a, mym,=b, myn =c, 1 i + myl, = 2h, Ha tmh= 2 myn, +myn, = 2p The coordinates of the point of intersection will be ( [A=b aca Wad? A’ ab, Scanned with CamScannerPair of Straight Lines = {0.7 Lines Joining the Origin to the Intersection of a Line and a Curve Find the equation to the pair of lines joining the origin ‘ ‘ 2 to th “ine 1x + my= and the curve ax?+ Zhxy + by? + 2gr + Wr we = a Fe ee Solution. ‘The general equation of second degree ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2px + 2fp+e=0 i) in general, represents a curve, except in the case when it represent a pair of straight lines. Let the straight line /x + my = n meet the curve (or pair of “straight lines) in two points P and Q. We have to find the equation representing the line pair OP, OQ. The equation of given straight line may be written as ixt+my n ti) Now consider the homogeneous equation of second degree inx and y, : 2 at + Yaxy + by? + rer) + {a Deen edieeer (iii) Equation (ii), being homogeneous in x and y, represents a pair of straight lines through the origin. ‘Also the coordinates of the point of intersection of the straight line (ii) and the curve (i) satisfy both the equations (i) and (i), and hence they satisfy the equation (ji). The equation (til) therefore represents a pair of lines which passes through the origin and the points of intersection of the line (ii) and the curve (i). Worked Out Examples Example 1. Find the single equation representing the pair oflines y=xandy=-x. Solution. Writing the given equations with R.HLS. zero, y-x=0 and ytx=0 Hence the combined equation is we have Example 2, Find the separate equations of the lines repres i) P—Syy+4yr=0 sented by ii) x2 +2xy sec 0+)? =0. Scanned with CamScannerBASIC MATHEMATICS: GRIST © 226 Solution. i) Wehave x2-Sxy+4y'=0 om ae Ano ‘ ' is « ; ws i“ «are the two lines represented by the given equation, x 4y=Oandx-y= ii) Here a? +2xysec0+?=0 ie.(2) +2(2) seo +10. Since this is quadratic in >, it will have two values and m,, say, So that im, +m,=—2 sec @ and mm, = 1 Also (mt, —m,)? = (m, + m,)° — 4mym, =4 sec? 0-4 =4 tan? 0 m,—m,=+2 tan m,=—sec @ + tan 0, and m, = sec @ + tan 0. ‘The two values may be written as m, =~ (sec 0 + tan 0), and m, =~ (sec @— tan 0). Hence the two lines are y=—(sec 0+ tan 0) x and y= = (sec 0 tan O)x. Example 3. Find the angle between the line-pair 2x? + Ixy + 3y =0. Solution. Comparing the given equation with the equation a + Day + by? = 0 a=2, A= 2 b=3, Ifa be the angle between the lines, 5 then, tang = 2VP=ab_ aes ath ~*~ 953-41 @ =45° or 1352 Scanned with CamScannerPair of Straight Lines 227 Example 4. ___ Find the equation of the bisectors of the angles between the lines represented by Bx — Gry-y = 0. Solution. Here a=2,h=-3, b= The equations of the bisectors are given by h@P-y)=(a-b)xy ie. 30° -Y¥)=(2+ Ixy or a +P aay or +xy-y=0, Example S. Find the single equation of the lines through the origin and perpendicular to the lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0, Solution. Let y= m,x and y = mx be the separate equations of the given line pair ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0.0 2 ale tt Sei Equations of the lines through the origin and perpendicular to yamx and © y=m,xare respectively 1 Ie and ie, mytx=0 and The combined equation is (my +2) (my +x) =0 ie. mymyy? + (m, +m.) xy +2 =0 ie, op thy tao ie. ay? ~ 2hxy + br? = 0. Example 6. Ie the pair of lines x? - 2pxy ¢ y? = 0 and x? 2 —y? = 0 be such that each pair bisects the angles between the other pair, prove that pq = —1. - Solution, The pair of lines bisecting the angles between the pair x2 -2pry-y° = 0 is given by ~pe?-y)=[1-CD)ay Scanned with CamScannerBASIC MATHEMATICS: GRADE X! 28 or px'+2xy-Py sos By the question, the pair of bisectors 1s given by ¥-2gry-y=0 Hence pet 2xy-py=0 and x2 2gry-=0 must represent the same pair of lines Boe 17 =2g~=1 or pq=-l. Example 7. a Prove that 2 + Tay +3)? -4x- Ty +2=0 represents two straight lines. Solution. Comparing the given equation with the general equation of second degree, ax? + Uhxy + by? + 2gx + 2fytc=0, 7 Weave a=2, h=4,b=3,¢= 5,c=2, The condition for the general equation of second degree to represent two straight lines is abe + 2ghf- aft bg? ch* = 0. Substituting the values of the coefficients in the L.H.S. We have LHS. =232+2 a4 “ o- 2) 25 aye 4 = 1n+49-2_ 2n- P=, .. the given equation represents two straight lines, Example 8. Determine the two straight lines re 2 find the point of intersection of the tine ee Solution. The given equation may be written as ~ 129° —y (x-29) + 62 8x14 = 9, Solving for y, we have +(x- 29) VG Scanned with CamScannerPair of Straight Lines oe x= 29 4) — 58x + 841 + 2880 — 384y— OTD or Y= 24 x= 29 + 289x? — 442x + 169 or y= —24 8x—42 “and yo or -4y=3x-7, and 3y or 3xt4y-7=0 and 2x-3y +2 These are the required equations of the lines. Also solving these equations simultaneously, or 13 20 wehave x=77 and y=77 Hence the point of intersection is 13 #) Example 9. Find the equation of the straight lines which pass through the point (1, 2) and are perpendicular to the straight lines 12x? — Tay — 12)? + 19x - 17y + 5 =0. Solution. Let m, and m, be the slopes of lines represented by the given equation so that 7 . m,+m,=-T7 = @) myn, =—1 = (i) Then the slopes of the lines perpendicular to the lines represented by given equation are 1 ris and -t The equations of the lines through (1, 2) and perpendicular to given lines, are 1 on -2=-7-(e-1 esses Gil) y men) ( 1 : and y-2 =F) ond, (iv) Solving (i) and (ii) 4 3 Wehave m, m,=-3> m,=4 Substituting the values of m, and m, in (iii) and (iv) respectively, we have 3 -2=-46-1) and y-2=4@-1) or, 4x+3y-10=0 and 3x-4y +5=0. + The lines through (1, 2) and perpendicular to given lines are (4x + 3y— 10) Gx—4y +5) =0 Scanned with CamScanner230 BASIC MATHEMATICS: GRADE XI 2. 12x? = Txy — 12)? - 10x + 5Sy- 50=0 The same equation will be obtained if we take m, Alternative Method: Consider, 12x? - 7xy ~ 12)? = 12x? 16xy + Oxy 129? = Ax(3x — 4y) + 33x 4y) = Gx —4y) (4x +3y) Now, the equation of the lines perpendicular to the lines represented by given equation 12x Tay 12? + 19x-1Ty+5=0 is (4x + 3y + ¢,) Bx-4y +e.) =0 If the lines (i) pass through the point (1, 2), then (4x14+3x2+e)Gx1-4x2+6)=0 or, (10 +¢,) (5 +¢,)=0 e=-10, gg =5 @ Substituting the values of c, and c, in (i), we have (4x + 3y- 10) (3x-4y+5)=0 12x? ~ Tay ~ 125? — 10x + SSy-50=0 which is the equation of the lines through (1, 2) and perpendicular to the lines represented by given equation. Example 10. If the equation ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2gx + 2fy + c= 0 represent a pair of parallel lines, prove that i) Fa 5rF and ii) the distance between them is 2~\ | &5—SF Solution. Let the given equation represent two parallel lines whose separate equations are ix -+my + n=O and lx+ my + n'=0, then (e+ my +n) (ke +my + 1!) = a? + Uhxy + by? + Ix + ft ec. Equating coefficients of like terms on the two sides, we have P=a, m=b, mn =c, m(ntn)=2f, Kn+n')=2g, 2Im= 2h. i) wehave ab=Pn? =I? Scanned with CamScannerPalr of Straight Lines 231 or Also Hence ji) the perpendicular distance between the parallel lines /x + my +n = 0 and lx + my + n'=0 Nir VF + nF Ae ae lag? — dace a Yard Example 11. Prove that the straight lines joining the origin to the point of intersection of the line = + Look = Land the curve x* +y* =? are at right angles if 73 + 53= Solution. The equation of the given curve is gaye act (i) The equation of the given line is ¥+5=1 Betas “Fae th Suet i or, SMa y 3) Making equation (i) homogeneous wit ‘bx + ay)? xtypsc (2) or, aby? + aby? = (Hx? + 2abry + y”) on, (ab? — Be) 28 — 2abeay + (@b*- Aa’) P= 0 toca : This is the equation of the lines joining the origin and the points of intersection of the given curve andthe line, These straight lines are at right angles to each other if coeff. of x? + coeff. of RB + bb - Ca = Biot ea? = 20°F ith the help of equation (ii), we have Scanned with CamScanner232 BASIC MATHEMATICS: GRADE XI Example 12 If the equation ax? + 2ixy + by? + 2gr + 2fy + ¢ = O represents two straight lines, prove c that the product of the perpendiculars from the origin on these lines is [7p yz Solution il Ifa, + by +c, =0 and a,x + byy + c, = 0 be two lines represented by the equation ax? + Ihxy + by? + 2gr + 2fv+o=0 then (a,x+by+e,) (ax + by + ¢,) = ar + 2hyy + by” + 2gx + 2p re Equating the coefficients of like terms, we have, 4,0, = a, byby= b, eye, = € and a,b, + a,b, = 2h Length of the perpendicular from (0, 0) on the line ‘ & ax+by+e,=0 is Jara Again, the length of the perpendicular from (0, 0) on the line 0 a axtbyte=0 is Jaw Product of the lengths of the perpendiculars a afar +62 faz tbe Se eee la;?a,? + (a,7b,? + a7?) + bby Lip a ee (a,a,)° + (b)b,)° + (a,b, + a,b, — 2a,a,b,b, spt eta) c Va +B +4 —2ab Jab ae Example 13 Find the condition that one of the lines given by 2 + Qhy pe perpendicular to one of the lines given by de + hy + Bye sors ee Solution : Let y= mx be an equation ofa line given by ax? + 2hxy + by? =0 Then, ax? +2hxmx + bmx? =0, " bm? + 2hm+a=0 ; * @ The equation of the line perpendicular to y = mx and through origin is 1 m* Scanned with CamScannerPair of Strai ight Lines 233 which is one of the lines given by ale + Qhay + by? = 9 {i So, a’? + ais(-4s) + oe ep a’? —2h'm + b= : soon (il) Using the rule of cross-multiplication (from (i) and (ii)) MP ah he me 20h + Wa) ~ aa'— BB 3G ay _ aa’ ~ bb ~=2G8 + ay wd om = Ohta aa’ — bb aa'— bb! _ 2(b'h + ah’) 2(bh + ath) ~~ aa’ — bb" (aa’ — bb’ + 4(b'h + ah’) (bh' + a’h) =0 which is the required condition. 10-1 1 Find a single equation representing the line pair a) xt+y=0,x+2y=0 bd) ax—-by= ) xtyt+2=0,x+2y+1=0 So, , bx + ay=0 2. Determine the lines represented by each of the following equations: a) x-2y=0 b) x —Say+4y?=0 ©) xy-3x+2y-6=0 d) 2 +2y+y-2r-2y-15=0, 3. Find the angle between the following pairs of lines a) + 9xy+ 14? =0 b) x°-2xycot@-y=0. c) Sry t4y+x42y-2=0 4. Find the equations of the bisectors of the angles between the pair of lines a) 3x- 15xy + 2y?=0 b) x2 +2xycosecO+y?=0 °) ax + Qhxy + by +k +y7)=0. 5. Prove that each of the following equations represents a pair of lines: a) 2+ Ixy + 3? —4x—Ty+2=0 b) Gx?—xy— 12)? 8x + 29-14 =0 6 Find the following equations may represent a line pair a a b) 22+ Tay +39? —4x- T+ k=O B® Find the equation of the two lines represented by x° + Gxy + 9)" + a + 12y-5=0. i Prove that the two lines are parallel. Also, find the distance between them. Scanned with CamScanner234 8. 9. 10. a) Show that the lines joining the origin to the point of intersection of the line x + y a)x? + 3xy +27 =0 ) abr? + (a? —b%) ay — aby? =0 BASIC MATHEMATICS: GRADE X! b) Find the equations of the two lines represented by the equation 2x° + 3xy + y+ S45 2y~3= 0, Find their points of intersection and also the angle between them, If the line pairs ax? + 2hxy + by? =O and a’? + 2h'xy +b)” = 0 have fe Fans prove that h(a’—b’)=h'(a- 6) . a) Find the equation of the straight lines through the origin and at right angles to the lines x? — Sxy + 4y?= 0. b) Find the equation to the straight lines passing through (1, 1) and parallel to the lines represented by x? - Sxy + 4y? +x + 2y-2= 0 c) Find the equation of the straight lines perpendicular to the lines given by x? + xy~6? +7x-+3ly— 18 =0 and passing through the origin. with the curve 4x2 + 4y? + 4x — 2y— 5 = 0 are at right angles to each other. b) Show that the lines joining the origin to the points common to x? + hxy—y? + gr + fy =O and fc - dy = 2 are at right angles for all values of A #0. ©) Find the equation of the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of x+2y=3 and 4x + L6xy — 12? - 8x + 12y — 3 = 0. Also find the angle between the two lines. RA t Lo ek 4) Find the equation to the pair of straight lines joining the origin to the intersection of the straight line y = mx + c and the curve x? +)? = a?. Prove that they are at right angles if 2c = a'(I +n?) Prove that the two straight lines (x? + y2) sin? a = (x cos 6 — y sin 6)? include an angle 2a. . Find the condition that one of the lines ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0 may coincide with one of the lines ax? + 2h,xy + by? = 0. . Prove that the product of the perpendiculars drawn from the point (x,, y,) on the lines ax; + Uhey, + by? Va-oP ae ; | Form a homogeneous equation of degree two which represents two (i) coincident lines i) perpendicular lines. Check your results with the help of the condition of coincident lines and perpendicular lines in pair of lines. What does x? + y? = 0 represent? Can this be Tepresented in the graph? represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? =0 is Answers o)xP +22 + Buy t drt Sy t2=0 a)x=0;x-2y=0 b)x-4y=0;x-y=0 )x+2=0;y-3=0 d)xty-5=0;x+y+3=0 t I a) tan" (4) »8 o) tan! ( a) 15x? + 2xy- 1577 =0 b)xP-y=0 ©) AG? —y2) = (ab) Scanned with CamScannerPair of Straight ight Lines 235 2 6, adk=zor3 b)k=2 y+5=0,x43y-1=9 M0 1. axt3y xt3y-1 =o, 4 Datys3-020+y-1-0,4-7,.00"(“4) *4y"+ 3x—3y=0 0) 62 +xy-y2=0 167 =0, tan! (« 107 10. ¢) 3x7 + 40xy — 16)? = 0, tanr (198 ¢d (Cami? + 202mg + (2—ay?=0 13, (aby ab) = 40h, ~Byh) (ahah, 9, ar +Suyty?=0 b)2— Sxy Additional Questions 1. For what value of A does the equation 12x2 — 10xy + 2y? + Ix - Sy + A = 0 represent two straight Hine ? Show that the angle between them stan), 2. If the two pair of lines represented by x? - 2axy — 3y? = 0 and x2 — 2bxy ~ y? = 0 be such that each pair bisects the angles between the other pair, prove that ab+2=0 ~ 3. If the lines joining the origin to the point of intersection y=mx+ 1 with sxe +y = 1 are perpendicular, find the value of m. 4, Find the value of k so that the lines which join the origin to the point of intersection of the lines y—x = k and the curve x? + y? + 4x — 6y — 36 = 0 may be at right angles. 5. Prove that the equation of the lines bisecting the angles between the bisectors of the pair of lines ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0 is (ab) (?-y°) + 4hxy = 0 6. Prove that one of the lines ax? + 2hxy + by’ = 0 will bisect the angle between the co- ordinate axes if (a + b)? = 4/?. 7. Show that the pair of lines a*x? + 2h (a + b)xy + by? = 0 is equally inclined to the pair of the lines ax? + 2hxy + by? =0. 8. Prove that the straight line joining the origin to the points of intersection of the straight line Ze + my = n with the curve x° + y? = a? are at right angles if a°(P + m?) = 2n?. 9. The equations of the two pairs of opposite sides of a rectangle are x° - 7x + 6 = 0 and ¥~ 14y + 40 = 0. Find the equation of its diagonals. 10. Prove that the two pairs of lines given by y* +.xy ~ 12? = 0 and dy? ~ 13xy + 3x? = O have one line in common and the other two liens are perpendicular to each other. 11. Show that the two straight lines x%(tan’® + cos*®) ~ 2xy tan @ + y? sin?@ = 0 make with X-axis angles such that the difference of their tangents is 2. Answers 3.41 4,90r-4 9. 6x— Sy + 14=0, 6x + Sy-56=0 Scanned with CamScanner