#!

/bin/bash

REDIRECT TO A FILE

echo “hello” > file.txt

>> : APPEND

COMMENTS

#this is a cat command

: ‘
This is the segment of multi-line comments
Through this script, you will learn How to do multi-line
commenting
‘

CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

count=10
if (( $count > 9 )) - if [ $count -eq 10 ]
then
    echo "the condition is true"
 else
    echo "the condition is false"
fi

count=10
if (( $count > 9 ))
 then
    echo "the first condition is true"
 elif (( $count <= 9 ))
 then
    echo "then second condition is true"
 else
    echo "the condition is false"
fi

& OPERATOR

age=10
if [ "$age" -gt 18 ] && [ "$age" -lt 40 ]
then
    echo "age is correct"
else
    echo "age is not correct"
fi
age=30
if [[ "$age" -gt 18 && "$age" -lt 40 ]]
then
    echo "age is correct"
else
    echo "age is not correct"
fi

OR OPERATOR

age=30
if [ "$age" -gt 18 -o "$age" -lt 40 ]
then
    echo "age is correct"
else
    echo "age is not correct"
fi

age=30
if [[ "$age" -lt 18 || "$age" -gt 40 ]]
then
    echo "age is correct"
else
    echo "age is not correct"
fi

LOOPS

WHILE

number=1
while [ $number -lt 10 ]
do
    echo "$number"
    number=$(( number+1 ))
done

number=1
while [ $number -le 10 ]
do
    echo "$number"
    number=$(( number+1 ))
done

UNTIL

number=1
until [ $number -ge 10 ]
do
    echo "$number"
    number=$(( number+1 ))
done
FOR LOOP

for i in 1 2 3 4 5
 do
    echo $i
 done

for i in {0..10}
 do
    echo $i
 done

for i in {0..10..2}
 #{starting..ending..increment}
 do
    echo $i
 done

for (( i=0; i<5; i++ ))

 do
    echo $i
 done

BREAK AND CONTINUE STATEMENT

for (( i=0; i<=10; i++ ))

 do
    if [ $i -gt 5 ]
    then
    break
    fi
    echo $i
 done

for (( i=0; i<=10; i++ ))

 do
    if [ $i -eq 3 ] || [  $i -eq 7 ]
    then
    continue
    fi
    echo $i
 done

SCRIPT INPUT

args=("$@") #you can also specify the array size here

 echo ${args[0]} ${args[1]} ${args[2]}

args=("$@")
 echo $@

args=("$@")
 echo $@   #prints all the array elements
 echo $#   #print the array size
Reading file using stdin

while read line
do
    echo "$line"   
done < "${1:-/dev/stdin}"

Script output

ls -al 1>file1.txt 2>file2.txt

Concatenation
echo "enter Ist string"
read st1
echo "enter 2nd string"
read st2

c=$st1$st2
echo $c

Numbers and Arithmetic

n1=4
n2=20
echo $((  n1 + n2 ))

n1=20
n2=4

echo $(( n1 + n2 ))
echo $(( n1 - n2 ))
echo $(( n1 * n2 ))
echo $(( n1 / n2 ))
echo $(( n1 % n2 ))

FUNCTIONS

function funcName()
{
    echo "this is new function"
}
funcName

function funcPrint()
{
    echo $1 $2 $3 $4
}
funcPrint Hi This is Linuxhint