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Full Title of Paper

Charlotte Fox

Department, Bow Valley College

Course Code: Course Name

Instructor’s Name

Due Date
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Full Title of Paper

Presenting Problem

Dani is a 27 year-old, black male of mixed race. Dani has been using crack cocaine for

the past three years. Initially, he was smoking the drug. A year ago he began using snorting and

intravenously. Dani dissolve the crack with lime juice and inject into his body at least four times

per day

Personal Status

Dani is the last of ten siblings. He has four older brothers and five older sisters. Dani
was born and raised in Ocho Rios. He moved to Discovery Bay at the age of 23 when he finished

the University of Technology. He got a lucrative job in finance at one of the prestigious hotel in

nearby Runaway Bay. The property is owned by his parents and two of his older siblings. Dani’s

parents are rich and they helped him to buy a house. When he started working at the hotel he met

and fell in love with a former Miss Jamaica World, she was the one who introduced him to

drugs. He was so much in love with her that he succumbed to her bidding even though he knew it

was wrong. In addition to using crack/cocaine Dani is also a heavy drinker especially on

weekends when he is off work. The majority of Dani’s social circle is made up people who is

girlfriend introduced him to and they all do drugs. Recently, Dani and his girlfriend and their

crowd have started indulging in sexual orgies. At these orgies persons rarely use any for

protection.

Drug History and Current Pattern of Use

Dani first began experimenting with drugs at the age of 23. His girlfriend introduced him to

crack cocaine and at first they drank alcohol and smoke or snort the drug every weekend. At 24

he began drinking heavily and using crack cocaine every day.

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Dani uses crack/cocaine at least four times per day. Last year he learned how to inject himself

and since then he injects himself at three times per day.

Substance Abuse Treatment History

Dani’s father placed him a recovery center in Kingston for a month last June. This was

after he called Dani’s phone and got no response. His father drove to the home where he found

Dani and his girlfriend passed out in vomit and fecal matter. He successfully completed

treatment and was enrolled in Narcotic Anonymous meetings. In October of last year, Dani’s

best friend died from COVID. He took it very hard and had a relapse after four months. After

being arrested in St. Ann’s Bay for cocaine possession he entered a drug treatment center in

Montego Bay, and successfully completed a three weeks Rehabilitation Program. Dani has not

followed up with aftercare. Dani realize he has a serious problem and checked into a detox

facility for a week. He wants to complete an Intensive Outpatient Program because he wants to

convince the judge that he has got over his addiction.

Medical History and Current Status

Dani has had diabetes and hypertension for the past two years. His AIC is 8 and is last

blood pressure reading was 220/100 which is high. Due to sexual promiscuity, Dani has had

syphilis and gonorrhea in the past. He is currently waiting on a HIV test to know his status.

Family History and Current Relationships

Dani was raised in a two parent household in the community of Columbus Heights in Ocho Rios.

The family is Christian of Indian and Jamaican descent. Dani’ father and mother both used

marijuana in the past, but were strict parents to their ten children. The family is upper middle

class, his mother is a lawyer and his father is an entrepreneur.

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Both parents live in Ocho Rios, they love their son and want him to get clean. Dani has a good

relationship with his parents and siblings. Dani currently lives with his partner of 3 years. Their

relationship is strained due to their drug use and infidelity. His parents and siblings have been

pressuring him to leave the girl. She rarely works and they hate how she keeps his house untidy.

She tells Dani if he leaves her, she will commit suicide and because of that he is afraid to put her

out.

Positive support system

Dani’s parents and his siblings are very supportive of and want him to get over his

addiction. Dani recently began attending services at his parent’s church. He was encouraged to

join the choir after the church members found out he had a lovely tenor voice. He has made

friends on the choir and states that the Choir leader has been a great support to him. The Choir

leader has asked him to supervise the tenor section of the choir. Dani like that because in high

school he did music at the advanced level, he even plays the guitar, drum and piano.

Crime and Delinquency

Dani was arrested for cocaine possession in St. Ann’s Bay last year, the case is presently

before the courts. Dani realize that he needs serious help to overcome his addiction. He wants to

get clean so that he will not get sentence to prison. His lawyer told him that since he is a first

time offender, if he has medical records to show that he is over the addiction he can get a

suspended sentence. Dani is afraid of going to prison because he had a bad experience when he

was arrested last year. He was placed in a cell with some very cruel men and they beat him badly

that he ended up in the hospital with a broken hand and nose. He spent a week in the hospital

because of the beating.

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Education

Dani graduated from a prestigious high school in St. Ann and was successful in the

external examinations sat. He completed his Bachelor’s and Master’s in Business

Administration. The same time he started taking drugs, he was to start his doctoral program at

university overseas. His parents and older siblings who are wealthy paid for his tuition through

college and they were going to foot his doctoral tuition. Dani was a gifted student in high school

and was a member of the prefect body. He won several certificates and award for doing well in

school at every level.

Employment

Dani is the current financial controller at the family-owned hotel in Runaway Bay. He

has worked in this position since completing his Master’s education. The family is amazed that

his drug addiction has not affected how he carries out his duties. His father wants him to run the

business one day, but his fearful because of his drug addiction.

Readiness for Treatment

Dani accepts the fact that he is in need of treatment. Furthermore, if he does not get over

his addiction he will go to prison.

Mental Status Exam Narrative

Dani is a twenty-seven-year-old male of Indian Jamaican descent. He appeared much

younger than his stated age. He dressed appropriate for the meeting and his decorum is

remarkable. He wore black dress pants with black leather belt, short dress shirt, neatly tucked in,

and dark loafers.

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His grooming was typical of a cooperate executive person. During the interview Dani was

cooperative in the interview and he answered all questions respectfully. His mood was both sad

and apologetic. He was upset with himself for allowing another person to introduce him to drugs,

several times during the interview he cried.

Dani’s affect was applicable to the content; he was very emotional because of his current

situation. He spoke slowly when talking about stressful subjects, but otherwise normal. He

alternated between tones throughout the interview. His thought processes were logical; and he

confessed that because of his love for his beautiful girlfriend he was willing to do her biddings.

He did not blame her for his dilemma, instead he argued that he should not have allowed her to

inveigle him into taking drugs.

Dani does not exhibit any psychotic symptoms. He states that he has no current

hallucinations; however, he declares that when he uses crack/cocaine he smells flowers and it

increases his sexual urges. He accepts that he has obsessions and compulsions. Dani is aligned

with time, place, and person. His memory was intact and his intelligence was far above average.

His judgment and impulse control are adequate.

Diagnosis

AXIS I: Crack/cocaine dependence

AXIS III: Type two diabetes

AXIS IV: Problems related to interaction with the legal system (waiting on trial)
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Treatment Plan OUTLINE---OUTLINE---OUTLINE

A. PROBLEM

DSM-IV Diagnosis

B. PROBLEM DEFINITION:

Connection to DSM-IV diagnosis. Why did the client seek service?

C. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES:

Examples of Strengths: intelligent

accountable

smart

Examples of Weaknesses: easily persuaded

co-dependent

people-pleaser

D. GOALS:

Counseling outcomes

E. STRATEGIES OR INTERVENTIONS:
Examples: cognitive behavior therapy
relaxation
desensitization
assist client in identifying life changes
rehearsal to refuse high risk situations
F. TYPE OF COUNSELING:
Individual Counseling _____ Xs weekly
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Cognitive-behavioral treatment (cbt) models are widely used evidence-based

interventions for alcohol- or illicit-drug-use disorders (Magill & Ray, 2000). Cognitive

behavioral therapy guides a person in getting rid of negative thoughts which incite drug or

alcohol abuse. More specifically, the model examines how a person’s thoughts impact their

feelings and behaviors. By discerning the connections of these elements are connected, a person

is better able to respond in a confident way to achieve sobriety.

As a treatment method, cognitive behavioral therapy assists a person in facing and

dealing with thought patterns and problems in their life which pushes drug cravings. A mind

altered by addiction can lead to an unhealthy domain of negative thoughts, impulsive emotions,

and demand for drug use (McHugh, Hearon & Otto, 2010). In combination these elements

impact how a person reacts to their experiences and alter the way they view their addiction. A

sober find it hard at times to cope with demanding thoughts and emotions life. When a person is

addicted to drug it is even more difficult to cope with thoughts and emotions. If drug addicts do

not get help and guidance from trained professionals, they will not know how cope with these

issues in meaningful ways.

Negative thoughts and injurious behaviors which relates to them can provoke drug or

alcohol abuse. Therapy is the best way to help persons sever the cycle through treatment which

creates a strong foundation that leads to recovery. Cognitive-behavioral strategies are grounded

in the theory when a person has a maladaptive behavioral patterns like substance abuse, learning

processes play a critical role (NIH, 2018). Persons engaged in CBT grasp how to pinpoint and

amend problematic behaviors by using various skills to control drug abuse and to deal with a

range of other problems that often happen along with drug abuse. In addition to stopping drug

abuse, the goal of treatment is to return people to productive functioning (NIH, 2018)
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Step 1: Initial Assessment – 1 session – session created to get to know the patient, delve in to

main cause of the drug addiction, probe factors that may have contributed to your problems, and

identify clear goals and aims for treatment.

Step 2: The CBT Model – 1 session – session will explore the rationale for treatment, so that you

can fully understand why we are doing what we are, as well as the importance of working on

your thoughts and behaviours in treatment.

Step 3: Learning & Understanding Your Problem – 2/3 sessions – learn and understand the

symptoms of your specific anxiety or depression, explore the potential causes of it, what

maintains it and what to be aware of when you start to tackle it.

Step 4: Behavioural Changes & Thought Re-Training – 4/6 sessions – this will be the main part

of the therapy, and the entire focus of the sessions in this section of treatment will be to work on

changing behaviours contributing to your main presenting problem and then focusing on re-

training your thoughts.

We will use specific techniques and tools whilst working on Thoughts and Behaviours which

are specific to the type of Anxiety or Depression that was identified at your Initial Assessment.

The Thoughts and Behaviours will be tackled individually, and the order in which we work on

these areas depends again on the Initial Assessment findings.

Step 5: Self Management – 1 session – This session explores and reinforces how to maintain the

progress made in therapy, prepares you for discharge, and encourages you too reflect back over

the treatment to see if your pre-treatment goals have been met in therapy.
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Step 6: 3 Monthly Post Treatment Session – 1 session – A 3 month post-treatment care session

is important, as it helps to ensure that the gains form treatment are still being maintained, as well

as sorting out any additional issues that you feel maybe still contributing to your Anxiety or

Depression symptoms.
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References

Magill, M., & Ray, L. A. (2009). Cognitive-behavioral treatment with adult alcohol and illicit

drug users: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of studies on alcohol

and drugs, 70(4), 516–527. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2009.70.516

McHugh, R. K., Hearon, B. A., & Otto, M. W. (2010). Cognitive behavioral therapy for

substance use disorders. The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 33(3), 511–525.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.012

National Institute on Drug abuse. (2018) Principles of drug addiction treatment: A research-

based guide (Third Edition). https://www.drugabuse.gov/download/675/principles-drug-

addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third

edition.pdf?v=74dad603627bab89b93193918330c223