LA-13100-H

History

Documents and Related Materials Associated

with the Contents and the Origin ofthe
Los Alamos Technical Series and the
National Nuclear Energy Series
RECEIVED
JUN 0 3 1996

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 LA-132 00-H
Hisfont
UC-700
Issued: April 2996

Documents and Related Materials Associated

with the Contents and the Origin of the
Los Alamos Technical Series and the
National Nuclear Energy Series
Edward F. Hammel"

'LANL Afiliate

Los Alamos
N A T I O N A L L A B O R A T O R Y
Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
 INTRODUCTORY NOTES A N D CONTENTS

These materials were obtained primarily from, and with much assistance from, the staff of
the Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Report Library in connection with the author’s
preparation of an account of Plutonium Metallurgy Work in D-Building during World War II.
Also included are a few papers relating to the National Nuclear Energy Series. A Table of
Contents follows:

SECTIONS

1. Pages 78,150,151,163,256, and 257 from LA-2532-MS7Vol. I,

Manhattan District History, Project Y,
The Los Alamos Project by David Hawkins
(These pages deal with the eariy metallurgy and other topics relating to Pu metallurgy
work at Los Alamos.)

2. Pages 102,103,207,209,210,211, and 212 fromLA-2532-MS7Vol. II

(Same subject as en& 1 above)
by Edith C. Truslow and Ralph Carlisle Smith
(These pages deal with the Los Alamos Technical Series and include Appendix 7:
A Description of the Technical Series.)

3. LAMD-76. This report is a collection of early memoranda relating to the preparation of

the Los Alamos Technical Series
(The pages are already numbered 1-16.)

4. LAMD-770. A detailed outline of the documents incorporated in the

Los Alamos Technical Series (The pages are already numbered 1-13.)

5. The Los Alamos Technical Series:

A Record of the Publications Which Constitute Each Volume of the Series
by Judy Young, Sept. 30,1981 (The pages are already numbered 0-5.)

6. A Partial Listing of the National Nuclear Energy Series Volumes

7. “Essential Reference Documents for All Nuclear Energy Collections”

U.S.Atomic Energy Commission: National Nuclear Energy Series: Divisions I-X
8. A Partial Listing of “Ahtracts of Classified Reports,” Vol. 14
January 15-December 31,1958
 DOCUMENTS AND RELATED MATERIALS ASSOCIATED WITH THE
CONTENTS AND THE ORIGIN OF THE LOS ALAMOS TECHNICAL SERIES
AND THE NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY SERIES

Edward F. Hammel

ABSTRACT

The rationale for preparing this document arose from the fact that
the author (who worked in D-Building during wwn) was asked to
contribute a short article on “Plutonium Metallurgy at Los Alamos
During the War” for inclusion in the 50th anniversary book, “Behind
Tall Fences,” published in 1993 by the J. R. Oppenheimer Memorial
Committee. I agreed, believing that all of the source material needed
was readily available in the Los Alamos Technical Series, a detailed
account of all of the R&D carried out at Los Alamos from 1943 to
1945.
The obvious place to start was the LANL Report Library. As will
be seen by the perusing the following memoranda and reports (which
were assembled one at a time by following up successive leads), it
finally turned out that, of all six chapters of Vol. 10, “Metallurgy,” of
which Cyril S. Smith was the general editor, the only one “not yet
issued” was Chapter I on ‘Tlutonium Metallurgy,” which had been
assigned to Eric R. Jette, the wartime Group Leader of the Plutonium
Metallurgy Group.* Jette left Los Alamos at the end of August 1956 to
join the Union Carbide Research Institute in Tarrytown, New York,
where he was director until June 1962 when he retired to his valley
home in Pojoaque. In February 1963, he was awarded the US Atomic
Energy Commission citation for meritorious contributions to the
Nuclear Energy Program; shortly thereafter he died.
Before accepting the fact that Chapter I did not exist, the present
author undertook to find out as much as possible about the Los
Alamos Technical Series, including the circumstances relating to its
preparation. The related memos, etc., once retrieved, seemed worth
preserving in a single report-hence this document.

*It was later discovered that this chapter was never written.
SECTION 1
Metallurgy

4.29 Another virtue of the hydride program not mentioned in para-

graph 4.13 was the interest taken in the preparation and fabrication of this
material. Studies were begun, among the first undertaken by the metallur-
gists, in the art of preparing high density compacts of this material. The
result was that although after a year or so it was known that the hydride
would not yield an efficient weapon, this material could be easily fabricated,
and was used in making experimental reactors.
4.30 The main goal of metallurgical research in this period was the
development of techniques for handling the final preparation of active and
tamper materials in the large amounts necessary for the bomb. A p a r t from
early work with the hydride, effort was first concentrated on the metallurgy
of uranium. This subject was already fairly well developed in ather branches
of the project. The Los Alamos requirements were, however, somewhat dif-
ferent and more exacting. There was much greater emphasis on mahtaining
a high chemical purity and on yield. A bomb-reduction technique was de-
veloped in the first period and perfected in the second, which admirably sat-
isfied these requirements.
4.31 One of the reasons for the early work on uranium metallurgy was
its hoped-for resemblance to that of plutonium, as yet nonexistent in workable
amounts. When the first such amounts of plutonium appeared - in March
-
1944 techniques for its reduction were already under development; by the
end of the first period satisfactory bomb-reduction methods had been per-
fected,
4.32 The investigation of plutonium metallurgy was one of the princi-
pal undertakings of the metallurgical groups. A properly scientific study of
the properties of the new element was of necessity limited by the time
available and the pressure for usable methods. The standards of usability,
moreover, were much harder to meet than in the case of uranium. Accord-
ing to the original purity requirements, all operations would have to be car-
ried out in such a way as to avoid contamination with light elements, even of
a few parts per million. This made necessary a large subsidiary program
for the development of heavy-element refractories. The substantial relaxa-
tion of purity requirements that came with the abandonment of the plutonium
gun program at the end of the first period was sufficient to guarantee suc-
cess. Indeed by this time the original high purity goals had nearly been
reached, and some simplification of techniques became possible. In July
1944 experimental proof was obtained of the alpha (room temperature) and
beta phases.

- 78 -
of being both dustproof and air-conditioned. It was largely completed and
staff members were moving in by December 194:3.
8.6 Immediately upon undertaking his duties, Thomas set up a program
for the extraction of polonium, either from lead dioxide residues that had
been located or from bismuth which could be irradiated in the piles at
Clinton or Hanford. Research on the former problem was undertaken at the
Monsanto Laboratories and on the latter at Berkeley.
8.7 As already noted, a division of labor in many problems continued
under Thomas' direction. For example, in the case of the investigation of
plutonium chemistry as distinguished from purification proper, a Berkeley
group provided information on the oxidation and valence stater of plutonium,
while the earliest reports on density and crystal structure of the metal came
from the Metallurgical Laboratory. E might be noted, relative to the last
mentioned work, that the measurements at the Metallurgical Laboratory were
made before it was definitely established by investigations conducted at LOB
Alamos that then3 was more than one allotropic form of the metal (8.38).
However, it was suggested in February of 1944 that the difference in struc-
ture in barium- and calcium-reduced plutonium, reported by Chicago workere,
might be caused by the existence of at least two such forma.
8.8 Further instances of co-extenaive programs at various sites oc-
curred in the work of the bomb method of plutonium reduction (8.41-8.43) by
both the Metallurgical Laboratory and the Los Alamos group, although the
work at the former was only on a small scale. The simultaneous develop-
ment was undertaken at these two laboratories of methods of spectrographic
analysis for many elements, in particular the cupferron-chloroform extrac-
tion method with copper spark analysis (8.76). As to the latter, work on the
method continued at Chicago with the final development being done at Loa
Alamos.
8.9 Thomas further arranged in the course of the liaison work that
the Metallurgical Laboratory should be primari1.y responsible for the pro-
curement of two groups of materials for the entire project, reagents of much
higher purity than those commercially obtainable and refractories for use by
the many metallurgical groups. The problem of securing an adequate supply
of satisfactory refractories became increasingly important with the expaneion
of work by the Los Alamos metallurgists. These difficulties had been mag-
nified by the fact that initial arrangements for procurement were not satis-
factory. Under Thomas auspices, however, arrangements for the develop-
ment and production of these refractories were initiated in January 1944,
and it was eventually decided that a group under F. H. Norton at the Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology was to undertalre the research problems

- 150 -
involved. The technical problems considered will be discussed later (8.52).
It should be noted that arrangements were also made about this time to carry
a t research on the use of cerium sulfide, principally at the University of
California. Cerium metal was produced at the Iowa State College, with the
bulk of the output being sent to M.I.T. Some clubsfdiary work was also done
at Brown University.
8.10 Despite the most careful liaison efforts, work by tbe Lo8 Alamoa
metallurgists was sometimes delayed beoawe of the time lag between changes
in requirements for refractories and corresponding changer in the outplt by
the fabrication groups at other sites. In order to overcome this time lag,
the local refractory research group was enlarged during April 1944, and
production of standard refractories undertaken. Sukequently, at a meeting
of the chemistry md metallurgy group at Chicago in June 1944, it was de-
cided to send the production of Berkeley, Ames, and M.I.T. to Loa Alamos
in an effort to meet the sharp rise in demaad for refractories there. ~ e -
spite all these efforts the problem of procuring a sufficient number of the
proper types of refractories continued throughout the period covered by this
report.
8.11 With the discovery of Puzc0,there was no further need for CO-
ordination of purification work. The discovery came at a time when it had
become clear that the chemical purification of Pun' could be accomplished,
although atill with great difficulty. The division of labor between the vari-
ous sites, moreover, was at that time well worked out.
8.12 The chemistry of UZs, and ita attendant liaison, presented much
simpler questions than plutonium. There were two main problems to be ex-
amined by workers at Loa Alamos: The processing of the tetrafluoride for
experimental work in the laboratory and for the production of weapons; and
problems concerning the Water Boiler, such as the deccmtaminntion of solu-
tions. The purification of U2% to the tolerance limita specified by the Los
Alamos Laboratory was undertaken by Tennessee Eastman at ook Ridge.
Los Alamos chemists were interested in knowing the processing whlch the
material had undergone before shipment and the nature of the analyeis done
at Oak Ridge. They also specified the chemical form in which the material
was to be shipped, for example, as the sulfate, nitrate, or tetrafluoride.
Other questions which arose were connected with isotopic concentration, mix-
ing of lots with different concentrations, methods of assay and the like. One
special item of liaison was the cooperation between Lo8 Alamos and the
Clinton Laboratories at Oak Ridge on the production of radiobarium-radio-
lanthanum for the implosion studies (17.42). In the course of .the work in
connection with the Water Boiler and particularly the decontamination of

- 151 -
would have virtually exhausted the country's supply.
8.49 Various methods of obtaining high density were tried, among them
impregnation with magnesium fluoride, but the fluoride was undesirable from
a nuclear point of view. A method of impregnation with beryllium nitrate
followed by ignition proved rather poor. The method finally chosen was a
hot pressing technique, somewhat unusual for a refractory material.
8.50 Experimentally, the bricks were prepressed in a steel mold, then
hot pressed in graphite at 1700.C at preseures in the neighborhood of 1000
pounds per square inch for 5 to 20 mhutes. Fifty-three bricks were made
for the Water Boiler tamper, shaped to fit around the 12-1/16 inch sphere
of the boiler. F o r this production job the method was a variation of the
method described above. The density averaged 2.76.

CRUCIBLE AND REFRACTORY RESEARCH

8.51 The purpose of this important work was to find materials for
crucibles and liners which would not introduce contaminants into purified
uranium and plutonium. Wetting, sticking, and thermal sensitivity had also
to be considered. In this program a great many substances were investi-
gated including cerium sulfides, calcium oldde, magnesium oxide, tantalum,
graphite, a tantalum-thorium nitride mixture, zirconium nitride, thorium sul-
fides, beryllia, uranium nitride, thoria, tungsten carbide, tantalum carbide,
titanium nitride, and many others. Cerium sultlde was one of the really
hopeful materials found during this period and effort was concentrated on
trying to improve the fabricated material's resistance t o thermal shock, its
main weakness.

MISCELLANEOUS SERVICE ACTIVITIES

8.52 The metallurgists prepared a great variety of materials for

physics and ordnance experiments. These involved machining, heat treating,
metallographic studies, casting of various metals, electroplating, miscella-
neous plastic preparations, and powder metallurgy. Metallographic methods
for uranium and plutonium studies were essentially new. This work was
done mainly by the Heat Treating and Metallography Group, and the Miscel-
laneous Metallurgy Group.

- 163 -
in the recovery operations. The need to vary procedures to fit the type of
contamination involved made the development of enclosed apparatus difficult.
Such apparatus was, in fact, not developed until after the period covered by
this history (November 1945 at D P Site). The main safety effort was perforce
the careful monitoring of personnel; those who showed exposure in excess of
body tolerances were taken away from further exposure until counts returned
to normal (9.30).

Plutonium Metallurgy
\

17.24 When the new purity tolerances were established, all metal re-
duction methods were eliminated except the stationary bomb reduction of the
tetrafluoride, Work continued as before in the field of crucible research for
remelting. It became possible, however, to use magnesia since with increased
tolerances the danger of magnesium impurities was less serious. A good
deal of research was done on the physical properties of plutonium metal,
since more than two allotropic phases were suspected, and this was of pri-
mary importance in forming operations. Work began on alloys, with the
purpose of finding one that would keep a high temperature phase stable at
room temperature. The stable room temperature phase, called the alpha
phase, is brittle and difficult to work with. Fabrication operations were
investigated, as were methods of surface cleaning and protection. Because
plutonium is highly susceptible to corrosion, these were far more important
topics than in the case of uranium.
17.25 The techniques of metal reduction and remelting were well estab-
lished by August 1944. This work, of course, was on a very small scale,
and the techniques had to be adapted to large scale operation as more pluto-
nium became available.
17.26 Within the limited time available to them, the metallurgists made
rather extensive studies of the physical properties of plutonium. The first
transuranic element manufactured in kilogram amounts proved to have a re-
markable physical structure. It exists in five distinct allotropic forms be-
tween room temperature and the melting point, labeled in the order of tem-
peratures at which they are stable a, p, Y , 6, E. It is very electropositive,
but had the highest electrical resistivity of any metal. It is very corrosive
in water and air.
17.27 Of all the phases the a, or room temperature phase, is the den-
sest. Because this phase is brittle, and the 6 and E phases malleable, the
material was pressed at 6 phase temperatures. When a series of hemispheres

- 256 -
were cast by this method for multiplication studies, warpage and cracks ap-
peared after the metal stood a day o r so at room temperature. Evidently
higher temperature phases were being retained for a time at room ternpera-
ture, the warping and cracks being caused by a delayed transition to the
denser phase.
17.28 While cleaning and etching plutonium surfaces caused no serious
problems, that of protective coating did. A large number of electroplated
and evaporated metal coatings were tried, and electrodeposited silver was
decided upon for the Triniw hemispheres. A t the last minute, however,
small pinholes were discovered in the coat as well as blistering caused by
the retention of small amounts of plating solution under the coat. Since the
scheduled test was only a few days away, it was decided to use the material
in this condition, with the blisters polished down to restore the fit of the
hemispheres.

Miscellaneous Metallurgy

17.29 The principal metallurgical work of this period, other than ura-
nium and plutonium metallurgy, was that of the Miscellaneous Metallurgy
Group in fabricating the gun tamper, beryllium (crucibles and refractories,
and some boron compacts.
17.30 In crucible research cerium sulfide continued in use for some
time after the lowering of purity standards. The material finally adopted
for all plutonium and uranium crucibles and liners was a vitrified magnesia
developed by the Miscellaneous Metallurgy Group and manufactured at Los
Alamos, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and at Ames.

Radiochemistry

17.31 The principal developments in radiochemistry after August 1944

were the following: The implosion initiator program was gotten under way,
and the staff of men in this program engaged in polonium research was in-
creased. Radiolanthanum work, in colloaboration with the RaLa Group, was
carried out at the Bay0 Canyon Laboratory. These two groups were formally
separated from the Radiochemistry Group in April 1945. Work began with
the high-power Water Boiler, with its consequent problem of decontaminating
highly irradiated uranium. Foil chemistry was continued. A new sensitive

- 257 - ‘b,,
SECTION 2
THE TECHNICAL SERIES*

9.7 In conformity with other sections of the Manhattan Project, a pro-

gram was initiated to record, in accessible and edited form, the technical
knowledge and gains of the Laboratory. In principle, it was proposed to pre-
pare a I'Handbuch der Los Alamosl* in analogy with the famous Handbuch der
Physik. Titles for seventeen volumes were established in August 1945, as
well as volume, and, in some cases, chapter and section editors. Difficulty
in establishing a title for the over-all work arose. The original name
Wancibuch der Los Alamostl was misleading in its English translation, 80
the title Los Alamos Encyclopedia was substituted. But inasmuch as it was
decided that "encyclopedia" implied an alphabetical arrangement, that too was
discarded and the %os Alamos Technical Series" was finally chosen (Ap-
pendix 7).
9.8 Dr. Hans Bethe and Dr. David Inglis were originally responsible
for this compilation with the following staff of volume editors L

Volume No. Title Editor

0 "Relation Between the Various Activities
of the Laborat~ry~t S. K. Allison
1 ~IExperimentalTechnique8" Darol K. Froman
2 ttNumerical Methods" Eldred C. Nelson
3 "Nuclear physics" R. R. Wilson
4 "Neutron Mffusion Theorytt George Placzek
5 Writical Assemblies'l 0. R. Frisch
6 "Efficiency" V. F. Weisskopf
7 tfBlast Wavett Hans A. Bethe
8 Whemistry of Uranium and Plutoniumlt Joseph Kennedy
10 t~Metallurgy~l Cyril S. Smith
11 "Explosive stt G. B. Kistiakowsky
12 "Implosion 11 R. F. Bacher
13 Vheory of Implosion" R. E. Peierls
21 tThe Gun" F. Birch
22 "Fuzes't R. R. Brode
23 ,#Engineering and Delivery" N. F. Ramsey
24 t'Trinity" K. T. Bainbridge

*See editor's note, Appendix 7.

- 102 -
 9.9 Only Volumes 1 and 2 have been considered completely declassifi-
able under the existing standards. However, a st~bstantialportion of the in-
formation in some of the others will eventually b e declassifiable and, with
the exception of the weapon data, the remainder was to be distributable
throughout the Manhattan Project for its general benefit.
9.10 Shortly after the initiation of the program,Dr. David Hawkins and
Robert R. Davis were assigned the responsibilities of the Technical Series
because of the imminent departure from Los A h n o s of both Dr. Bethe and
Dr. Inglis. When Dr. Hawkins left the project in the late summer of 1946,
Robert R. Davis took over the detail as a group leader in D-Division.
9.11 The Technical Series compilation has proceeded at a slow rate
since the time of its inception. Exceptional delays resulted because many
individuals were reluctant o r unable to continue obligations, taken on while
at Los Alamos, after their departure. A more understandable difficulty was
experienced by active project personnel who were faced with the problem of
conducting an active technical program while writing about one accomplished
in the past.
9.12 By January 1947, Volume 0 and 22 were completed and issued, and
two-thirds of Volume 1 had been issued.

- 103 -
APPENDIX NUMBER 7

DESCRIPTION OF TECHNICAL SERIES

Title and brief description of each volume being written for the Los Alamos
~ e ~ h n i c~da r i e ~(8ee
. par, 47.)

Edibr*s Note, 1961. This series has not been made available for outside
distribution except for Vol. I , published by MoGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. ,
in the National Nuclear Energy 8eriee; Vol. IV, published by the Government
Printing Office; and Vole VII, a portion of which was issued as LA-2000
(Unclassified), available from the Office of Technical Services, Department
of Commerce.

- 207 -
 CONTENTS OF THE LOS ALAMOS TECHNICAL SERIES

Volume No. Title and Description Editor

0 *lRelation Between the Various Activities
of the Laboratory" S. K. Allison
(A general survey of the work of the Los
Alamos Laboratory during the WiW years,
with particular emphasis upon the problems
of the critical maas and of the efficiency.
In addition to a discussion of the: gun and
implosion type bombs, the volume contains
a section dealing with other metlhods of at-
taining the explosive release of :nuclear energy.)

I *lExperimental Techniques" Darol K. Froman

(A dewription of the experimental physics
equipment used by the Los A1am.o~Labora-
tory. The volume has three park: the firat
dealing with electronics; the second with
ionization chambers and countern; and the
thhd with miecellaneous techdqiies used in
obtrrining physical measurements.)

II "Numerical Methods11 Eldred C. Nelson

(A survey of the methods used in perform-
ing numerical calculations of various types
of equations by hand computation and with
the use of International Wlsinesri Machines.)

m '1Nuclear physic st1 R. R. Wilson

(A comprehensive report of nuclear physics
measurements made by the Los Alamos

- 209 -
Volume No. Title and Description Editor
Laboratory, together with theoretical
evaluations of results and a detailed dis-
cussion of the fission process.)

IV "Neutron Diffusion Theorylt George Placzek

(The theory of diffusion with and without
a change in velocity, including a discussion
of statistical fluctuations.)

V ltCritical Assemblies" 0. R. Frisch

(A report of critical mass experiments
made at Los Alamos with uranium-238 and
plutonium assemblies for various tampers.
A theoretical discussion is included.)

VI "Efficiency '1 V. F. Weisskopf

(A theoretical method for calculating the
energy release of a nuclear explosion. )

VII ltBlast Wave" Hans A. Bethe

(A study of blast wave phenomenon, both
from a theoretical and an experimental point
of view. Particular emphasis is placed upon
the behavior of the blast wave in large explo-
sions, and an effort has been made to interpret
blast data from shdies made at Trinity, Hiro-
shima and Nagasaki.)

m "Chemistry of Uranium and Plutonium11 Joseph Kennedy

(A survey of the problems concerned with
the chemical purification and recovery of
uranium and plutonium, together with a
discussion of the preparation of their various
compounds and of the analytical methods used
in their study.)

Ix Not as signed.

- 210 -
Volume No. Title and Description Editor
X Cyril S. Smith
(A report on the metallurgy of uraanium,
plutonium and all other metals fhbricated
by the CMR Division.)

XI Explosives** G. B. Kistiakowsky
(A survey of the experimental work done by
the Los Alamos Laboratory on tho behavior
of explosives and on the techniques of explo-
sive. caating. )

XII %nplosion" R. F. Bacher

(A report on the experimental implosion pro-
gram from the early tests to the development
of the Trinity bomb. The volume covers work
done on polonium, radio-barium and radio-
lanthanum. )

xm T h e o r y of Implosionl* R. E. Peierls
(A theoretical survey of the implosion pro-
cess. The volume contains -discussions of
shock hydrodynamics, equations of state and
various implosion designs ) .
XXI *IThe Gunt1 F. Bifih
(A survey of the experimental gun program
from the early tests to the development of
the Hiroshima bomb. This volume includes
design specifications and a discussion of the
interior ballistics of the gun.)

**Fuzes** R. B. Brode
(A study of work done by the Los Alamos
Laboratory in designing detonating fuze as-
semblies for the implosion and gun type
bombs. )

- 211 -
Volume No. Title and Description Editor
XXIII ltEngineering and Deliverytt N. F. h s e y
(The history of Project ltAIV together
with a discussion of engineering problems
encountered in the delivery program.
Particular attention has been given to the
mechanical design and assembly of the
Model 1561 implosion bomb.)

XN "TriIliQ" K. T. Bainbridge
(A complete report on the 100 ton TNT
calibration and rehearsal shot and the July
16, 1945 atomic bomb test at the Alamo-
gordo A i r Base. The volume includes both
experimental and theoretical discussions of
the various phases of the test. A large ap-
pendix contains all pertinent Trinity memo-
randa and all LA and LAMS reports concern-
ing the Trinity explosion.)

- 212 -
SECTION 3
.....--.
a
?a

- -.
-. .

I
 CInptm -l
-through 6
-- o ~ p .f A - 1 ~ 5

(A r b d y of mrt doao by tlu b 8 Alaaor fabontary i n dorigaing dotonoting i'dro

osrmblier for th, Qplorioo ub gun typo bombs.)

Volurn XiV "?riniQ'

Bdited by I[. t, Aiubridgo, l a b pgor,
through 11
*ouLh 2

(Tho thoory of diff'urim wlth md w i t h c u t volooity,

t chnzm I:! InoluCw a
discusriw of statiatial fluotuations.)
(A roport m tho mtalluru of u r t a i u , plutonica ond a l l
%brio.- by th. CyLt Division.)
1. Omoral Froblou

2. bittrrr#.l mlrr Phyoior

3, Diffusion Theory

IJrinly a9sth.itt.~., :e d ~ c r i httrS agproash to c r l t l a l , the

;.
bahvior o f tho c r i r i a l asrmblg itself, M d i t 8 US. (8uch 8 s t k a
paror m t e r bo',:#:
 -ti-

ib.orj of the nualcar exp13siour inohding radiation.

to k c l a d o also the hbrimtion z f aterials for th. w.

15, Trinity Test

2. Difforential Xuolcar Phjaico

__ .
 -10-
APX’ZEDIX 2 -
COPT

To A l l 1 i t i a i o n and Grroup Iioacforr

FROY H. A. Botke urd 0. 8. I n c h
SUBJECT
bo obtain& ft=aaother jourmls is *hioh matborr of tho labontory would
coatsmplafe publishins t h o i t zcrdlts i f 3nd *.on r e o y i t y ro,~&tionrpmit.
Suggsrtlonr of Jaunrle *th ;.rh5ch mch M 3~ro.nmLIz8 deairod ?auld bo
rolcm
 -1 2- -
COFY

O"* R e t t i o n beimen th0 Various AcLiviti9c of tho hbototory (Alllrca>

1.

2. Hrtluial 'kthds ( k l r o n ) . IEll pethodr for 80fV-i~~:dif'foruntisl

equation8 and for other # l o u t t i o a t . math& for numuial integra-
t i o n by hpd, intogration alon& Ohuaobristio8r etc.
3,

4q

5. Critical Asrenblhs ( 0 . Frieoh). A l l cr5tioa.l rsseablies *de a t &s

Alrunor, pobobly * d t h el.r~ont.ry tbory.

6,

7"

a. Chemistry of U acd .91 (Xemody)+

9

10a

11 . Eplodter .od Dotamtion l h w s (KlrtWearaky). Ilxprirronul work

tho ~ o p r t yof uplosiverr ond t.ahniquo8 of c t p 1 0 8 i V O r cmstiG.
03

12. 4 l 0 s i ~ 1 t(boher).
1 Wp.rhont.1 obsorvotionr of implosion suoh as
vmlooitios and d a ~ s i t i o r .

rolum should obtiaurly ccae 3% tho lbe~lrmin~,(h the other

head, it i s prtesmably not possible to n l e r s o it in the ear !?i?a*..
'30 thorefor. d i d not wish t o f i v e it the :n&r "l",
b These percsns %re ~sroposed for ~ o l u n seditors buf could not 70'. 30
oppreached,
 -1%-
--
COPT

21e chrn (Diroh). (mi8 l a th t i t s t ot th -1- whioh or0 nSinly

for tha roooccd ozld dll porupbly aot bs relrood.)
. . __
-16-
SECTION 4
 rut b (Chqtet 1-31 LA-lo52
(Chptrra t-5) u-3
(Chptrr, 6-81 u-m
T e l t w 11
Veln 12
( C h q k r r 9-ll) u-m
I.t Tot fwrc &.* -
Lh - i { i g

-1
put2
?ut 3
hrth
hrt 5
-6
1elm 2 l
 It i!C 1t! 5 5 I F I ED
'IEHIJICAL SERIES

Volune Nwber V o l m Editor vorum Titla

1
2

3
4
5
6
7
8

u)

u
12
13
23.
22
23
24
 OUTLINE OF THE IDS A U K S "RXNICALSEFLIES

3 AUi8on

m e n t r l Tech-
Preface (Pr0rp.n)
Part I - Electronicr
.Circuitr
&Id- lic I &c 1.
1 Elstor., Sand. Coaponent. and Construction Pncticr

2 Zlnore, Sa& Circuit Elmanta

3
4
5 Shore, Sa&
6 E h r e , Sand.
7 had8

1
 2

*t I1 - Ionization Chaaben and Counterr and brrociatd Techniquw ( c o n t b m d )

Rosri, Strub
b s i , Strub
Roeri, Strub
Rcasi, Staub
Rwri, st8ub
R o a i , Staub
Table of Contents R 0 6 s i , Staub

17

18

19
a0

P
22
23

1 Dwcription o!t tb0 f ~ Y

y-.

2 Interpolation
A, Genus1 Intupohtion Porrrulao
E, Interpolation on IEU kchlnw
 3

UTLINE OF IDS AIAUIOS TFCHNICALSERILS

-
Chapter 8 The Theory of Heutron R e a c t i o n s with
Heavy lVuclci. V. Uiesskopi.
\

9
-
Chapter 9 The Reactions of V e r y Light Nuclei
with Deuterone Fn the I m Energy Region.
E, Bretcher and E. Konopinski.
 4

OUTLINE 3F IAS AUlbCS m H N I C A L Smm

, .. .
2-
8 -

1
4
.\ I "
I'

5 0th- Shpa
A. Cjlicavr
E. Cut C j l i n d v r
C. O d d S h p r
D. Perturbtian Problu

l5wu
Yolpae Editor (0. R. ?ria&)

lloutron MultipU.catlon in Subcritial Spboru

8

4
 5

5
6
7
8 Mor
9 Rid D ~ g a
1L) Fold Ruclwr S8foty

EiricirncJ
\
Illoirskopf Intractuctioa i

5
6

1 Botho
2 7on Immr

3 FuW, P a i u l a
4
5
6
7

a
 6

1
2

3
I &or
5 Pit-
6 Duffiold Plant for Bout.2no Chsaieal Procwrlng of Pu
b'
/
7 Helmholr
0 Potlmts

9
bert B
mort c

2 . Greisen
8
 9

yoLWE X l (continued)
Part IV The U l n g of Explosive Cbrgam
Intrddctlon Ackermamr

1 Carlron, Far- and Amlpir of Scme

2 Gurimkp Procedurr

3
4.

5,
6 .
7 ’
8

9. Tame7

10
11”

Introduction Introduction
1 L hmtt, Tuck Flash X - b f 8ld Early Implorion T a t .
2
3
4
5
6 zRari
7 i n~ddenef~r,
ot 81 Betatron Obsemtloxm

8
9
10

1
2
3

4 Roberta

5
6
7
8

9
10

ll
12
u
14
15
16
 x!a4Eaz
Volume Editar (Birch)

mAa
1 Yclllllan, Iangsr Early Orm D o r e l o p e f
Birch
2 wood
3 Birch
4 Birch

5 bngw
6 Schiff

7 Birch
Ins. A Iihchfelder,
Magoo

Brdo

Baric C a p r n t a
The Au. bit

Dmtination and Cmht

Rocurealent, Roductioa and Shipp-

Sumrnry and Future h.ograa
Personno1 88 of Augurt, 1946
Aoport. on F i h
 3 A. E. h&en Yochnial D , a i g r of Mod01 1561 ?at YU
4 V. A. A r r a b l y of Mol 156l ?at m8
3
65 S. H. Dike A M c Bah Projoct Aircraft
$6 kB80y His- in Hnrlrnnrr

Inrert A Radiachmlal Dotorairution of tb Efficfcncy

of Ruclmr BXpl#l.ar
1
2

3 hinbridgo Ropurtlmn for tho July 16 Twt

i
 -13-

mck suwry of PhotQglmphlc and spectxoelmphic

)ilwmarrmont.

10

11
SECTION 5
Attached i s an updated sheet one for the brief descriptive information
on the Los Alams Technical Series. Information obtained from Leslie M. Redman
indicates t h a t there i s a closer l i n k between the 1953 Case, deHoffmann, and
Placzek "Introduction t o the Theory o f Neutron Diffusion" and the never
published volume IV of the Technical Series than could be determined from
inspecting the above mentioned document. A note to this effect has been
added to the bottom of t h i s new sheet.
Judy Young
Report Library, MS 364
 September 20, 1981 t*14
Judy Young

Vol. c)
LA-100b chap. 1-4

Vol. ;
LA- 1001 P t . I , SCC. A! chap. 1-3
LA- 1OU2 , P t . I , Sec. e ) chap. 4-7
LA-1 UU3R P t . 11, SCC. A ) chap. 8-12
La- 1004 R , P t . : I , Sec. 0 ) chap. 13-16
LA-1 030 : P t . I I I , Sec. A ) chap. 17-18
LA- 1 03 1 :Pt. 111, Sec. C ) chap. J9-20
LA-1 0.32 ; P t . 111, Sec. C; chap. 21-23

VOl. I1
LA-1057 ( P t . I ) chap. 1-5
LA-1058 (Pt. 11) chap. b-8

VOl. III
LA-1009 (Scc. A ) chap. 1-3
LA-i010 (Zec. 3 ) chap. 4-b
LA-1011 (Sec. C) chap. 7-9

Vel. I V No recoro o f Lhis being issued. This volunie was projected t o be "Neutron
D i f f u s i o n Theory". George Placzek was t o be the e d i t o r . (LAMD-76)
VOl. v
I".
I ) chap. 1-3
LA-1034 P t . 11) chap. 4
LA-1033
LA-1025 (Pt. 1 1 1 ) chap.5-7
LA-1036 (Pt. I V ) chap. 8-10

VOl. VI
LA-1028 (Pt. I ) chap. 1-4
LA-1029 ( P t . 11) chap. 5-6
0
For t h e csrrezt classification ~ . eac!i f ;.Ablicatior. ?lease ccr.sult the 3e;a:sn Library
shelf List.
authored
I t i s i n t e r e s t i n g t o note t h a t i n the 1950's Placzek a report e n t i t l e d
" I n t r o d u c t i o n t o the Theory o f Neutron Diffusion" which was based on h i s lectures
presented a t the Rand Corporation i n 1949. This report contains no indication o f any
l i n k t o the Los Alamos Technical Series.
 ! & / o -I:- dfu- T4 1/~1-tcc\ A &;u-, fi.8 0 +!a c, d e * - T - - f
Vcl.

-
IJ
LtI-lOOb chap. 1-4 Scupc'
-L~-~yf
&$p*-,d.'
VOl. i
LA-1001 ( P t . I , fcc. A ) chap, 1-3 D'6ll
LA-1002 (Pt. I , Sec. 6) chap. 4-7 brJ
LA-lUU?R(Pt. 11, Sec. A ) chap. 8-12 M ~ J -
LA-lOOSR(Pt. 11, Sec. 9) chap. 13-16 ~ c d - f i
LA-1030 ( P t . 111, Sec. A ) chap. 17-18 U-&J
LA-1031 ( P t . ! I I , Sec. 0 ) chap. 19-20 L A U ~ ~ ~
Lfb1032 (Pt. 111, Se.;. C; chap. 21-23 u ~ ~ ~ I J -

Vol. I 1 WJ
LA-1057 (Pt. I ) chap. 1-5 uyc1-5
LA-lC58 ( P t . 11) chap. 6-8 ,,,mL\.v-

-
Val. 111 /VH ' LP l W 4
LA-1009 (Sec. A ) chap. 1-3 IA-('('
LA-jrJIO (SeC. 6 ) chap. 4-6 -7'
Lic-r 011 (Sec. C ) chap. 7-9 u c

Vel. I V
*NO recoro Of this being issued. T h i s volume was projected XI be "NestrOn
Diffusion Theory". George Placzek was t o be the editor. (Lfl4D-76)
?Ol. v Gr-;f;c, ' Ass*- LI;. 3
LA-lG33 (Pt. :) chap. 1-3 L~-~IL~-'
LA-1034 iPt. 11) chap. 4 k-cf-W.
LA-1025 (Pt. i I I ) chap.5-7 S ~ C - ~
LA-1036 (Ft. :Y) chap. 8-10 L , . ~ ( ~ ~ ,

V o l , VI E.cc;,i-.-/
LA-1028 ( P t . !) chap. 1-4 !%&I1'

LA-1029 (Pt. 11) chap. 5-6 scccs-l

a
For the c ~ r r e r . t classificatior. of each p i o l i C a t i G n ?lease Cc:lsulC tke 3%>z.rt LYCrsr:-
shelf list.
I t i s interesting t o note that i n the 1950's Placzek authored
. a report entitled
siIntroduction to t h e Theory of Neutron Diffusion" which was based O n his lectures
presented a t the Rand Corporation i n 1949. This report contains no indication of any
link to the Los A'lamos Technical Series.
Per information obtained from Leslie M. Redman on 12/30/81, much of the
information intended t o be included i n Vol. VI o f the Technical Series was f i n a l l y
incorporated i n "Introduction to the Theory of Neutron Diffusion," voi. i. T h i s
Los Alamos publication was authored by K. M. Case, F. deHoffmann, and G. Placzek.
I t i s dated 1953. I t has no report number assigned; however, copies are available
from the Report Library. There was no volume two or any subsequent volumes.
**
which i s unclassified supercedes LA-1020 and p a r t of LA-1021.
LA-~LN~U
*Ut
This volume has been revised arid the various parts o f volume V I i i h a v e been
incorporated i n t o LA-1100. LA-1100 contains chapters 1-9.
Vol. !X T h i s volume cancelled in 1949. The miscellaneou chmi

**
LA-2uNI which i s unclassified supercedes LA-1020 and part o f LA-1021.
*tt
T h i s volume has been revised arid the various parts of vclume VI!ihave been
incorporated into LA-1100. LA-1100 contains chapters 1-9.
 P. 3

v01* XI1 9 L L-;,+-'

Chapters 1-' Ho recoru o f tkcse brirllj issued
Li\-l?b6 (Chao. 6 ) SrGut
Chapters 9-11] ti0 recorll o f these beiiiq issued

Vol. xv: fb
NO record o f :hi5 being i r s t m
Vol. xv11 =#
No record o f t h i s b c i q issued

Vol. X V I I I tf
NO reccrd o f this bei:ig issJcd
fl
Vol. x:x
;io record o f this b e i q iss;;eJ

Vcl. xx'*
El0 record of :!lis teing issued

t
The proposed content of the chapters not issued are listed below.
Chap. Author/Edi tor T itle
Intro. Bac her Introduction
1 Parratt, Tuck F l a s h X-Ray ana Early Implosion Tests
z Koski Photographic Ohservations
3 Linschi tr Terminal Observations
4 Frmn, Graves Electric Observations
9 Fowl er , Joseph Magnetic Observations
b Rosti RaLa Observations
7 Neddermeyer, et a1 Betatron Observations
9 Hol 1 oway Over-a1 1 Design
111 Fri ea1antler Raaio-Barium, RadiobLanthanum (LAM0 770)
701. LXiI F; 5
LA-!I)G5 chap. 1-8 and appendix C4-c.
Nrcc(*-(-
be)*->%;*e*-+ d
Val. xxIiI &('a*.*l
LA-lib1 chap. 1-6 <re-+

Vol, : G I V T*-*--V
LA-IO12 chap 1-11 c.L+
LA-1013 (SCC. A ) appendices 1-19 % d 4
LA-1014 (Sec. 0 ) appendix 20 s-*4
LA-101s (Sec. i) appciidices 21-30 S@ .d
LA-1619 4
( 3 e c . 0 ) appendices 31-40
LA-1 024 (Sec. E ) appendices 41 -413 k. J.CS
LA-1025 (k. F) appendix 49 IAl6l-S
LA-1026 (Soc. 6 ) appcnaices 50-54 Ls.c(M5
LA-102; ( S e i . li) appendices 55-71 srcu+

tf Volunies X I 1 1 - XX were reserved for future volumes i n the series. There i s no

i n d i c a t i o n t h a t topics or authors were assigned t o these. (LAMD-76)
 Miscel ldneous docuttients related t o the Los Alaiiios Tcc..nical Series

JLAMD-76 "The Lor-Alamos Technical Series" dated Dec. 31, 1947.

T h i s contains a useful brief description of the purpose of the series and a
l i s t i n g of proposed volumes, subjects,and author!;.
L A M S - b W "Status Report on Los Alamos Tech Series" dated Feb. 5, 1948.
Despite the l a t e r publication date, the infomt'ion contained here is
virtually iaentical w i t h LMD-76.
/LAND-770 "Outline of the Los Alamos Technical Series (1945)'' cover mw!o dated,
July 3, 1952
' T h i s i s a complete accouniing o f a l l volumes i n the series except I X . Attached
to the report are two different summaries of the series. These are invaluable.
SECTION 6
@ NNEsn4A
W , h t i u n a l Huclear p"
eries
Coating8 and oorro8ion.
Howe e t al 1951 3 U p p

Plott, R ?
Fhermsan,R ?
womberg, c
fkrinrlq, D B
IlIiES-I-13 Secret

National lJuclesr Energy Serbs Hatioral Nuclear

Deterninrrtion of the isotopic Emrgy 3eriea
composition of u r d = .
Caneron, A. E. 1950 SPP
@ NNES-1V-5 (Report: SECRET)
Na-Nuflsst EnergY SeriOr 1. Plutonium--
-
GRAPHITE URANIUM PROD= ION
PILES. DIVISION IV PLUTONIUM
PROJECT RECORD, VOLUME 5.
Production
I. Permonr;l Author
IX. Gorp. Author
L a b e borate E d i t o t . 1951. 64*.

N4
oOat¶rmd a bdr
 LY a-’ 32 Secret

I-
Itla

-
.-
MJES-111-5 Sucrot
~-XII-@

Mtional Ruclear Enera Serier

Utilirstion of b e ~ v p-tar.
Iridor Kirrhnham n. d, 212 pp'
Ir-0) m - f - 1 Chaptor 6 Socret
AEC. National Nucloar horgy Series

Chaptor 6 -
Vaowm equipment and toohniquas.
@orations

@ rm-I-u. Sacrst
National lhrclsar Energy Qbr3e1 Nstioml lTuclsor
Vacuum problems ~IXItechniqms. Energy Serisr
IloFnaa8 e t 01 1950 2BFP
SECTION 7
NO w AVAILABLE ON MICROFILM from

'4'CROFORMS INTERNATIONAL MARKETINGeCOMPANY

mll Houu. Fairview Park, Elmrford, NIw,York 10523 AD- d' PwgamonPnr

/ 7 7
' /

Essential Reference Documents

( E '

for all Nuclear Energy Cdlectiom

. .
I .

US. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION:

NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY SERIES

The groundwork for present nuclear

sciences was recorded in a series of
important repom published wcretly
by the Manhattan Engineer District
and i t s successor, the Atomic Energy
Commission.
Approximately 100 volumrr, covering
thr work of tha 19408 and 19W,
detailed the m a r c h and dwelopmrnt
of electromrgnetic and spacial separation
processes, grtewr and t h a l
diffusion processes, and the projects
known as Lor Alrmcu, Manhattan,
Plutonium, Rochester, aC. Written by
the top nuclear rientists of the timo,
they offer as authoritative a record of
the research process as one might want
for the history of the t a t s of our
p r m t nuclear science and policy.

PERGAMON CRESS Madington Hill Ha41 Oxford OX3OBW Enplrnd b Fmiwwa Park E l m t a d N w Yo& lmZ3 USA
NOW AVAILABLE ON MICROFILM from

I
NO w AVAILABLE ON MICROFILM
Essential Reference Documentsfor all Nuclear Energy Collections
SECTION 8
10-2093 5 25 B ' b405
10-209b 5 25 8 8-2337
10-205 5 34 8 8-2318
4-13? 84348
b408 8-2335
8-731 8-23>9
6-17) 8-2340
8-MO 8-2341
8-lbl 8-2342
blb2 8-2311
8-1b3 8-2343
8-164 8-2344
8-1023 0-23b4
8-571 8-2347
8-572 8-2134
8-57> 8-2345
8-574 11-1193 C 52 A
8-575 8-1>23
8-57b 8-1702
8477 8-592
8-578 8-2050
8-579 8-928
8-580 8495
8-581 8-1103
8-582 7-2423
8-58> 8-1654
8-584 7-2838
9-1477
7-2089
8434
8-39
8-1242
.
7-2090
7-2091 b-13b
1-2092 b-137
7-2093 8499
7-2454 8-500
7-2455 8-501
7-2456 8-502
7-2457 8-503
1-2458 8404
7-2459 8-505
7-2460 8-501
7-24b1 8-507
7-24bZ 8-508
7-24bJ 8*9
7-24b4 8-510
7-2465 8-511
7-24bb 8-512
l-l4b7 74511
7-24b8 7-2512
7-24b1 74513
7-2470 1-2516
7-2471 7-2515
7-2472 7451b
7-2914 1-2517
8-1b5 74518
8-2177 7-2519
7-2473 7-2520
7-2474 7-2521
7-2475 7-2522
7-247b 7-2523
7-2477 7-2524
7-2478 7-2525
7.2479 7-25tb
74480 7-2527
7-2481 7-2528
7-2482 7-2529
7-2483 7-2s3.
7-2484 74551
7-21)) 7-2532
7448b 1-2533
1-24)? 7-2534
7-2488 7-2535
7-2489 7-253)
7-2490 7-2537
7-2491 7-253@
7-2492 7-2s39
7-2493 1-2540
7-2494 7-2541
7-2495 7-2542
7-249b 7-2543
7-2497 7-254b
7-2498 7-2545
7-2499 7-25H
1-2500 7-2547
74501 7-2548
7-2502 7-2549
7-2so3 7-2550
7-2504 7-2551
7-250s 7-2112
7-2506 7-2S53
7-2507 8439
7-14TO
ADSTOACTS O i C L A S S I i I t D 81P081S
- 0-208
?-UT1 8-209
T-14T2 4-210
T-im 0-211
T-lbT4 0412
T-lbTS 8-215
T-lblb 0-216
042s 8415
iz-sns e 2s A 0-211
0-wn 0-211
0418
0-14TO
0-14T9 M l B
0-1488 0414
*lUl 0-515
h1bU Odlb
0-144T 0417
0-1- ll-llb8 S 4) 8
0-1- 2-502
8-1WS 12-lOSb C 81
0-1- l2-105T c t1
WlUT 12-304 c 01 0
0-1480 U4b2 c8lA
0-1418 1blb@2 S7J 8
0-1419 11-140s I1s 0
0.142e 1-28.
0-1421 2-1b
8-1422 lWST5 S 4 A
0-142s lS497b S 4 A
e-1424 124% SI58
0-142s 14-11S5 5 15 8
0-162b 1bSbS S 15 A
0-1441 1-1549 S 4 A
O-Mn 194491 S 15 A
0-1428 1S-2414 S 15 8
0-1415 14-1402 s S4 A
0-1429 12494 5 15 8
0-1bbZ 14-119b S J4 8
8-lbbS 1-200
e-lbbb 1-4M
0.14m 1-201
8-1489 1402
0-lblb 1485
O-lbSl 1-204
8-1617 1-205
0-lS90 1-201
0-1s- 1-20?
0-1- 1-200
0-1401 1-289
8-1402 1-210
0-1401 1411
0-1404 1-212
~1485 1-215
8-1- 1-214
0-1UT bJ52
0-1400 l-SSS
8-15S5 1-354
e-1IW 1-35)
0-15ST 145b
0-1449 2-39
0.15S8 240
.-LIS9 1455
hien 14%
0-1491 241
0-1492 1437
8-149s 145.
0-1494 144))
0-149s 1440
0-un 1441
1442
0-149T
0-1490 1445
0-1499 2 4
0-15w 1444
0-1- 1449
0-lsol 1-444
0-isoa 144T
1-35?
0-1908
0-144S 1440
8-150) 1 4 9
8-1505 1-450
8-15H 1451
WSOT 1452
0-1500 1-455
8-1509 1-454
0-1510 1455
0-1511 1-45b
0-1512 2-103
)rlSlS 2-101
e-1514 1-44)?
8-1515 1-458
0-15lb 2-42

____ ..