UNIVERSITY OF BALAMAND

ISSAM FARES FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY

Training Report

Submitted by:
Majed Imad

Performed at:

Supervisor:
Dr. Jinane Sayah
2019-2020
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 ................................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3
1.2 Objective of training ................................................................................................. 3
Chapter 2 ................................................................................................................................. 4
Overview of The Company ................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Organization .............................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Offered Services ........................................................................................................ 4
2.2.1 Networking Systems ........................................................................................... 4
2.2.2 Voice and VOIP Systems ..................................................................................... 4
2.2.3 Alarm Systems .................................................................................................... 4
2.2.4 CCTV Systems ..................................................................................................... 5
2.2.5 Lightning Protection ........................................................................................... 5
2.3 Work Methodology .................................................................................................. 5
Chapter 3 ................................................................................................................................. 6
Practical Personal Work ....................................................................................................... 6
3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 6
3.2 Presentation of the work ......................................................................................... 6
3.2.1 Central Systems .................................................................................................. 6
3.2.2 Network Infrastructure ....................................................................................... 9
3.2.3 Alarm Systems .................................................................................................. 11
3.2.4 CCTV Systems ................................................................................................... 14
Chapter 4 ............................................................................................................................... 15
Conclusions and Perspectives ............................................................................................ 15
4.1 Main Contribution of the Training ......................................................................... 15
4.2 Perspectives & Future Work .................................................................................. 15

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1 Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction
In this report I will discuss my experience in the internship I did in IMATEL as well as the
problems I faced during my work, elaborating on the knowledge I gained from my
experience.

1.2 Objective of training

As a telecom student, I wanted to do an internship that would enhance my background
and familiarity in my domain, and I wanted to prove myself on field by being exposed to
the actual work environment that I will use in my career which will not only build my
professional skills, but also build my social and teamwork skills.

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2 Chapter 2
Overview of The Company
2.1 Organization
IMATEL is a telecommunication company that provides telephony systems, networking
services, security and CCTV systems, nurse call systems, and Home Automation Systems.
The company was founded in 1986 as a telecommunication provider. After that, the
company started expanding and it integrated with the market demands. IMATEL is located
in Beirut, Mazraa sector, Chahine center, 3rd floor.

2.2 Offered Services

2.2.1 Networking Systems

There is no company that can properly function without a network, that is
why IMATEL provides a whole installation of a company’s network structure,
from cables and termination, to routers and switches, firewalls, servers,
cabinets, etc.

2.2.2 Voice and VOIP Systems

IMATEL offers a full installation and maintenance of Panasonic, Siemens, and
Matra Nortel PABX and IP systems.

2.2.3 Alarm Systems

IMATEL offers a full installation of all kinds of alarms (fire alarms, burglar
home alarm systems…) for a maximum protection of houses, storage rooms,
and warehouses.

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 2.2.4 CCTV Systems
Since CCTV systems are a necessary part of any company, place of business,
or home, IMATEL works with different kinds of systems, depending on the
client’s desire, such as analog and IP cameras with the ability of remote
configuration and remote video surveillance.

2.2.5 Lightning Protection

Lightning often costs thousands of dollars worth of damage to electronic
appliances. Consequently, IMATEL offers full installation of lightning
protection systems with the latest technologies.

2.3 Work Methodology

The most important thing I learned at IMATEL is that work needs social skills as much as
technical skills. The job needs cooperation and teamwork. When a client calls for
maintenance, the employee starts by thinking about the possible errors that caused the
problem and starts testing on every error until he finds out what was the cause of the
trouble.

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3 Chapter 3
Practical Personal Work
3.1 Introduction
During my internship at IMAEL I learned a lot, but most importantly, I got the chance to
work on my own. In this chapter I will discuss what I learned from my internship and what
challenges we faced as a team while working.

3.2 Presentation of the work

3.2.1 Central Systems

A PABX (private automatic branch exchange) system (fig.3.2.1.1) is a central device
essential for companies, hospitals, institutions, etc. that need many telephone lines in
each office or room for communication without being connected to a public network.
The PABX system connects all the extensions (fig.3.2.1.2) with each other via UTP cables
(fig.3.2.1.4).

Figure 3.2.1.1: Panasonic PABX Figure 3.2.1.2: Panasonic Figure 3.2.1.3: Panasonic Figure 3.2.1.4: 2-Pair UTP
system KX-AT7730 Telephone KX-TS500MX Telephone cable

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Although the connection between the PABX system and the extensions is done via UTP
cables, there is an intermediate device which is a krone module (fig.3.2.1.5) that
connects the cable from the krone to the central device on one side, and the krone to
the extension on the other side. A krone module is a revolutionary connector that has
been used for the installation of communication and data wiring since it is the most
efficient, cost effective, and requires less time during installation and maintenance
than solder tag or other ordinary methods. Each pair of wires of a telephone are fixed
to the two-krone slots (fig.3.2.1.6) using a special tool called krone punch-down tool
(fig.3.2.2.8).

Figure 3.2.1.6: A close-up view of a krone module

As shown in fig.3.2.1.7, there are 27 sockets

available in the PABX system. Which means
that there can only be 27 extensions
connected to this central device. The
telephone connected to Jack01 takes the Figure 3.2.1.5: Krone modules
number 101 as its number and the telephone
connected to Jack02 takes the number 102 as
its own number and so on… let us say we need to give the secretary’s extension the
number 105. First, we need to know which cable is laid from the central to the
extension. For this, we need to use a special tool which is called a toner. A toner is an
apparatus that consists of two devices: a tone generator and a tone detector. To find
the cable, we need to plug the tone generator in the telephone socket inside the
secretary’s office (fig.3.2.1.8). After that, we should to the central’s side, and using the
tone detector (fig.3.2.1.8), we

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 Figure 3.2.1.7: The sockets of the PABX system where the cables that come from the telephones are plugged

approach the antenna of the detector to the multiple cables. Once we hear a high-
pitched beeping sound, we conclude that the tone generator is on the other end of the
cable. Hence, this is the cable that reaches the secretary’s office, so we plug it in Jack05
giving it the number 105.

Figure 3.2.1.8: Tone generator Figure 3.2.1.9: Tone detector

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3.2.2 Network Infrastructure
A Network Infrastructure is the backbone of a company’s network. It consists of the
necessary cables, network wall sockets, accessories, switches, and routers.

When a client needs a complete installation

of a network infrastructure, a network
cabinet (fig.3.2.2.1) should be installed. After
that, a CAT5E or CAT6 UTP cables must be
laid from the switch to the end devises
(usually computers and printers).

Figure 3.2.2.1: Network cabinet

At the switch side, the cable is terminated to

an RJ45 male connector (fig.3.2.2.2) using a
special tool called a network crimping tool
(fig.3.2.2.3). But since this way may damage
the switch’s ports because the network
cables are often added or removed from the
switch. In order to preserve those ports, a
patch-panel (fig.3.2.2.4) must be added to the
network cabinet near the switch. In this case
the cables will be directly connected to the Fig. 3.2.2.2: RJ45 Fig. 3.2.2.3: Network
crimping tool
RJ45 sockets inside the patch panel. Then, connector

patch-cords will be connected from the RJ45

sockets to the switch. Therefore, whenever
a cable is needed to be removed there is no
need to change in the connectivity of the
switch, but the cables on the patch-panel’s Fig. 3.2.2.4: A switch (on top) and the patch-panel (bottom)
side would be altered. Moreover, at the connected via patch-cords (grey cables)
device side, the cable is terminated to an
RJ45 wall socket (fig.3.2.2.6), the same way
that its terminated at the patch panel’s side,
using a krone punch-down tool (fig.3.2.2.8) .

Fig. 3.2.2.5: RJ45 sockets that are attached to the patch-

panel

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Figure 3.2.2.6: RJ45 wall socket (top view) Figure 3.2.2.7: RJ45(to the left) and RJ11(to the
right) wall sockets (front view)

An important part in a network is

the PABX system. In this part, 2-
pair telephone cables are laid
from the central device (PABX) to
the telephone. But sometimes it is
more than a 2-pair cable,
depending on the number of
phones to be installed in a room.
The 2-pair cable is then screwed
to the RJ11 female socket
(fig.3.2.2.9). Figure 3.2.2.8: krone punch-down tool

Figure 3.2.2.9: RJ11 wall socket (top and left view)

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3.2.3 Alarm Systems
An alarm system basically consists of a control panel (fig.3.2.3.1), a keypad (fig.3.2.3.2), a
siren (fig.3.2.3.3), and a group of sensors (fig.3.2.3.4), (fig.3.2.3.5).

Figure 3.2.3.1: Control Panel

Figure 3.2.3.2: Keypad Figure 3.2.3.3: Siren

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 Figure 3.2.3.4: PIR Motion sensor
Figure 3.2.3.5: Somoke sensor

The control panel is the main component of the alarm system. It has an advanced
microprocessor and it is where the programming stored and executed. The keypad and
the siren and the telephone line and the 12V battery (in case of power failure the
battery will power the alarm) and all the sensors should be connected to the control
panel following the wiring diagram in figure 3.2.3.6. The control panel should be stored
in a secured metal box to prevent meddling with it.

Figure 3.2.3.6: Control panel wiring diagram

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The keypad is where the client turns on or off the alarm and is where the programming
of the control panel is done.
The figure to the right is a PIR (passive
infrared) sensor. The sensor has four
pins. The first two pins are electricity
pins used to turn on the sensor which
are connected to the 14V output and
GND on the control panel and the
remaining two pins are data pins that
are connected to the Z1 and GND pins
on the control panel. The letter Z
stands for zone. Number 1 stands for
the zone number. In this case there are
16 different zones which means that
this control panel can be connected to
16 different sensors since each sensor
is connected to a different zone (Z1, Z2,
Z3, …, Z16). Once an object passes in
front of the sensor it will open the
circuit connected to the control panel
through the zone pins. Since the circuit
is now opened, the control panel will
send a signal to the siren connected to
its pins that will trigger it, thus alerting
the owners.
Figure 3.2.3.6: PIR sensor

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 3.2.4 CCTV Systems
CCTV (Closed-circuit television) systems are video surveillance systems that mainly
consists of cameras that transmits the captured images to a DVR or an NVR (Digital/
Network video recorder) which stores the information on an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) or
any other storage unit. And power supply for the cameras in case of analog or IP
cameras or a PoE switch in case of IP cameras. The DVR is for analog cameras and the
NVR is for IP cameras. They both should be connected to monitors via HDMI or VGA
for the user to see multiple cameras displayed by the video recorder.

If the clients want to install IP cameras, The cameras and the NVR must be connected
to a switch and for a better and tidier work it preffered to be a PoE switch instead of
an ordinar switch.

Figure 3.2.4.2: Indoor DAHUA

dome camera

Figure 3.2.4.1: DAHUA NVR

Figure 3.2.4.3:outdoor DAHUA Figure 3.2.4.4: PoE switch

camera

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4 Chapter 4
Conclusions and Perspectives
4.1 Main Contribution of the Training
This internship helped gain hands-on experience about several topics that
are important in the field of telecommunications and added to my technical
skills as well as my social skills by getting to know some great people that
are or aren’t related to the field. Since I would like to continue in the field
of telecommunications, this training was one step further for me getting to
know more about the nature of my working environment later on.

4.2 Perspectives & Future Work

I came to a conclusion that the field that I am interested in is progressively
following the recent technological advances which makes it more
interesting since I get bored easily and I’d rather keep in touch with every
new technology that is taking over. Nowadays artificial intelligence is taking
over and it will soon be implemented in every technology. We started
seeing AI being embedded in CCTV systems by cameras that detects human
faces and gives a report about the number of people entering a facility each
day or month. That is why I want to focus more on how to implement AI in
a way that improves the telecommunications field, thereby improving our
daily communication.

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REFERENCES
[1] <http://imatelsarl.com/company-profile/>
[2]<https://community.fs.com/blog/what-is-a-patch-panel-and-why-use-it.html/>
[3]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punch_down_tool#:~:text=It%20is%20used%20for
%20inserting,also%20known%20as%20biscuit%20jacks).>

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