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Contents
Contents......................................................................................................................................................2
Table of figures............................................................................................................................................2
1.What is an Information System? Write down your understandings. Give suitable
examples where required.....................................................................................................................3
2. What are databases? What is the role of a database in an organization? Write down
your understandings with suitable examples where required....................................................4
3.Select an organization of your choice and design a database for it. Explain your
database design:....................................................................................................................................5
4. Present the above designed database in the form of tables with some dummy data.
Also draw an entry-relationship diagram (ERD) for the database..............................................6
5. Write a personal reflection (max.800 words) of the learning process up to the moment.
You may wish to summarize your thoughts on the following points.........................................9
References.................................................................................................................................................10

Table of figures

Figure 1: ERD diagram.................................................................................................................................8

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1.What is an Information System? Write down your
understandings. Give suitable examples where required.
 An information system is the study of complementary networks of
hardware and software that people and organizations used to collect, filter,
process, create, and distribute data. They are the interrelated components
working together collecting, processing, storing, and disseminating
information to support in decision-making, coordination, control, analysis,
and visualization in an organization. Simply, it is a system which processes
supplied/collected data and generates information that can be used for
decision-making at different levels for the betterment of the people and
organization. Hence, an information system is a system which processes
given data and generates necessary information that can be used for
decision making by an individual or organization at different levels.
Components of Information system: -
An information system has five key components: hardware, software, data,
processers, people.
1. Hardware: Hardware refers to the physical layer of the
information system. Hardware includes computers, network
adapters, communication equipment, scanners, printers, and
other technology-based infrastructure.
2. Software: Software refers to the logical layer of the information
system that makes hardware function. It mainly includes software
(operating software, drivers, tailored software, MS-Office
package etc.)
3. Data: Data/s are the raw information, figures, facts, and
measurements etc. which are given/used as input to the system.
It consists of alphabets, digits, symbols, pictures and figures.
4. Processes: Processes or procedures, describes the task
performed by the users, managers, technicians, IT staff members
within the organization.
5. People: People refers to the users who interacts with the
information system in order to make decision, manage, control
the system and operate it. The users within the organization
includes IT managers, IT technicians, sales representatives,
database managers, etc.

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2. What are databases? What is the role of a database in an
organization? Write down your understandings with suitable
examples where required.
 Database are the collection of the interrelated data of an object or entries stored
in a tabular form which gives useful information for an organization during the
manipulation of the data and making of decision that can be accessed easily the
time of need.
Database plays very important role in an organization as it provides the base or
foundation of many large volumes of data in well-organized systematic manner.
Some important roles of database are enlisted below:
1. Database help in the simplification in searching and utilization of information
in an organization.
2. Database also help in monitoring the progress and downfall of an
organization which helps in taking quick and appropriate steps in occurrence
of any problems.
3. Help in providing data security by providing access and manipulation of any
data to authorized people or individual only.
4. To help in the organizing the data that the organization owns into different
sectors such as members bios of the organization, consumer’s bio-data, list of
products bought/sold, payments of bills, salaries provided to the employees,
suppliers information, and other important data.
5. Handling large amount of data and information with great flexibility and speed.
6. To organize data and information more accurately and efficiently and offer
integrity.
7. To help in rapid creation, modification and retrieval of data/records of the
organization.

Without the database

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3.Select an organization of your choice and design a
database for it. Explain your database design:
a) What is the database about?
 The database about Hospital.
b) What each entry (table) represents?
c) What each attribute (column) represents? What kind of data do
they store?
d) Which attribute(column) are the primary key and what are the
reason for selecting them?
e) Which attribute(columns) are the foreign keys and how do they
form the relationships between tables?


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4. Present the above designed database in the form of tables
with some dummy data. Also draw an entry-relationship
diagram (ERD) for the database.
 The tabular form of the above database is presented below with Entry-
Relationship Diagram:
 Database in form of tables with some dummy data: -

Patient
PatientID FirstName LastName Address Contact
001 Amit limbu Pokhara

002 Jesica Shakya Chitwan

003 Sandhya Gurung Hetauda

004 Sandhya Shakya Bhaktapur

005 Tabbu Gurung Gongabu

Operation
OperationID PatientID Treatment
100 001 Lumbar disorder
101 003
102 005
103 002

104 004

Treatment
Treatment_id Treatmentname DoctorID
990 Lumbar disorder 1

991 Sciatica 4

992 Malaria 2

993 Dilated cardiomyopathy 3

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 Doctors
Doctor_id First_name Last_name Phone_no.
1 Dr. Willam Abdu
2 Dr. Myles Abbott
3 Dr. Naresh Trehan
4 Dr. Arthur Reese

Cost
Traetment_name Price

Lumbar disorder

Malaria

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Sciatica

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 ERD diagram: -

Figure 1: ERD diagram

5. Write a personal reflection (max.800 words) of the learning

process up to the moment. You may wish to summarize your
thoughts on the following points

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References
Prachi Juneja. (n.d.). Introduction to Database Management System and its Users. (M. S. Team, Ed.)
Retrieved from https://www.managementstudyguide.com/database-management-system.htm

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SmartDraw, LLC. (n.d.). ©1994-2019 SmartDraw, LLC. Retrieved from smartdraw.com:
https://www.smartdraw.com

Technopedia.Inc. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24142/information-

system-is

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